High concentration photovoltaics: potentials and challenges
1. High concentration photovoltaics: potentials and challenges J.C. Miñano, P. Benítez LPI-LLC, USA Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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4. FPPV=Flat panel PV HCPV=High Concentration Photovoltaics (High) concentration factor Solar cell area A / C g sunlight sunlight HCPV FPPV electricity electricity What is HCPV? C g Area A Area A
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7. Classic imaging PV concentrators Example: Flat Fresnel lens Cell Rays tilted at the acceptance angle : rays focus approximately on the edge of the cell
8. Geometrical and chromatic aberrations Formal definition of acceptance angle : Angle at which transmission drops to 90% of maximum Ideal lens Real lens Classic imaging PV concentrators (degs) 100 75 50 25 0.5 1 1.5 T( ) (%) 90%
9. Classic imaging PV concentrators For a given optical design concept: cell side × sin constant Such “constant” strongly depends on the optical design concept Modifying the geometrical concentration L’ ’ L
12. Illumination non-homogeneity in imaging concentrators Cell Fresnel lens Therefore, imaging concentrators have to compromise uniformity and pointing tolerance Sun angular diameter= 0.53º (r= ±0.27º ) Sun image on the cell Perfect aiming Misspointing
22. Free-form XR for HCPV (Boeing-LPI) Homogenizing prism Free-form lens A. Plesniak et al. “ Demostration of high performance concentrating photovoltaic module designs for utility scale power generation ”, ICSC – 5, (Palm Desert, CA, USA, 2008) A. Cvetkovic, M. Hernández, P. Benítez, J. C. Miñano, J. Schwartz, A. Plesniak, R. Jones, D. Whelan , “The Free Form XR Photovoltaic Concentrator: a High Performance SMS3D Design”, Proc. SPIE Vol. 7043-12, 2008 Free-form mirror Solar cell Free-form lens
23. Secondary lens (R) Solar cell Primary lens (R) RR free-form Kohler design for HCPV A. Cvetkovic et al. “High Performance Köhler Concentrators with Uniform Irradiance on Solar Cell”, ICSC – 5, (Palm Desert, CA, USA, 2008)
24. RR free-form Kohler design for HCPV A. Cvetkovic et al. “High Performance Köhler Concentrators with Uniform Irradiance on Solar Cell”, ICSC – 5, (Palm Desert, CA, USA, 2008)
29. Electrical efficiency (%) The efficiency-concentration-tolerance (ECT) space Tolerance (degs) Concentration C g = 27% C g =400x = ±0.5 degs Example: Fresnel lens concentrator with 27% 0.5 degs 400
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31. Electrical efficiency (%) Boundaries of the ECT space Tolerance (degs) Concentration < 86% Concentration × Tolerance 2 < n 2 2.25 Tolerance > sun radius = 0.26º = 27% C g =400x = ±0.5 degs Example: Fresnel lens concentrator with
32. Comparing CPV systems in the ECT space = 27% C g =400x = ±0.5º = 27% C g =1,000x = ±1.8º Fresnel lens concentrator XR free-form concentrator
33. Comparing CPV systems in the ECT space Electrical efficiency (%) Tolerance (degs) Concentration 1,000 400 ± 0.5º ± 2.8º Concentration × Tolerance 2 constant ± 1.8º Fresnel lens concentrator XR free-form concentrator
34. Comparing CPV systems in the ECT space Electrical efficiency (%) Tolerance (degs) Concentration 2,000 400 ± 0.5º ± 1.3º Concentration × Tolerance 2 constant ± 2.8º Fresnel lens concentrator XR free-form concentrator
35. Comparing CPV systems in the ECT space Concentrix SolFocus Sol3g Daido Steel Guascor Foton Isofoton Boeing A. Plesniak et al. “ Demostration of high performance concentrating photovoltaic module designs for utility scale power generation ”, ICSC – 5, (Palm Desert, CA, USA, 2008)
36. Target 2 ±2.8º 33% 600x Comparing CPV systems in the ECT space Target Target Advanced XR HCPV Advanced XR HCPV Target 1 ±2.0º 31% 1,200x
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43. LEGAL NOTICE Devices shown in this presentation are protected by the following US and International Patents and Patents Pending: Patents Issued HIGH EFFICIENY NON-IMAGING US 6,639,733 October 28, 2003 COMPACT FOLDED-OPTICS ILLUMINATION LENS US 6,896,381 May 24, 2005 COMPACT FOLDED-OPTICS ILLUMINATION LENS US 7,152,985 December 26, 2006 COMPACT FOLDED-OPTICS ILLUMINATION LENS US 7,181,378 February 20, 2007 DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING OR COLLIMATING RADIANT ENERGY US 7,160,522 January 9, 2007 DISPOSITIVO CON LENTE DISCONTINUA DE REFLEXIÓN TOTAL INTERNA Y DIÓPTRICO ESFÉRICO PARA CONCENTRACIÓN O COLIMACIÓN DE ENERGÍA RADIANTE Spain ES P9902661 December 2, 1999 OPTICAL MANIFOLD FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES US 7,380,962 OPTICAL MANIFOLD FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES US 7,286,296 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE-SURFACE METHOD AND FREE-FORM ILLUMINATION-OPTICS DESIGNED THEREFROM US 7,460,985 December 2, 2008 Patents Pending DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING OR COLLIMATING RADIANT ENERGY - a continuation of US 7,160,522 FREE-FORM LENTICULAR OPTICAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CONDENSERS AND HEADLAMPS PCT/US2006/029464 July 28, 2006 MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS WITH A HOMOGENIZER SYSTEM AND COUPLED NON-IMAGING LIGHT CONCENTRATOR PCT/US07/63522 March 7, 2007 OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR, ESPECIALLY FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS PCT/US08/03439 Mar 14, 2008
44. Further reading R. Winston, J.C. Miñano, P. Benítez, NonImaging Optics , Elsevier Academic Press, 2005, ISBN 0127597514 J. Chaves, Introduction to Nonimaging Optics , CRC Press, 2008, ISBN: 9781420054293
45. LPI Overview LPI-LLC Headquarters Altadena, California, USA LPI-PO Hong Kong, China LPI-Europe Cologne, Germany Madrid, Spain
46. Contacts LPI EUROPE SL Ramón F. de Caleya, Managing Director [email_address] Oliver Dross, Technology Director [email_address] Edificio Cedint Campus de Montegancedo UPM 28223, Madrid, SPAIN Fax: (+34) 91 452 4892 www.lpi-europe.com LPI LLC Roberto Alvarez , CEO [email_address] Waqidi Falicoff, Exec. VP [email_address] 2400 Lincoln Ave. Altadena, CA 91001, USA Fax: (949) 265-0547 www.lpi-llc.com LPI PO Bill Tse, General Manager [email_address] Unit 02, G/F, Photonics Centre, Science Park East Ave., Hong-Kong , CHINA Fax: +852 2144 2566 www.lpi-po.com
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