Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Com5520D Applied Communication Research Hong Kong Mainlander Baby Boom Zeng Chuanni 06411260 Huang Wei 06951710 Chen Zhen 06409610 Liu Qian 06410350 Xu Chenyan 06411000 MSc in New Media, April 2007
2. Slide 2: 1. Introduction  “Mainlander baby boom” refers to 内地孕妇来港产子人数变化 the tremendous increment of babies ( 数据来源：香港医管局 ) born by mainland pregnant women in HK. 30000 26,132 25000  The impacts of mainlander baby boom are multi-faceted. 20000 15000  Most of the attention concentrates 10000 predominantly on its negative impacts. 5000 10,128 0 人数 2001 年 2006 年 香港卫生福利及食物局副秘书长 聂德权（右）表示，新政可确保 香港孕妇得到妥善和优先服务。
3. Slide 4: 1. Introduction New Regulations HKSAR Adopt  Starting from 1st February, mainland women who are not allowed to enter HK if they are more than seven months pregnant without HK hospital’s confirmation  Increasing the minimum fee from $9,000 to $39,000  Booking system to ensure local pregnant women have priority to proper obstetric services.
4. Slide 5: 1. Introduction Reasons for Reinvestigation  Media Bias  Ill Research Methodology  No Studies on Comparison between mainland and HK pregnant women
5. Slide 6: 2. Background 2.1 Origins The mainlander baby boom today can be traced back to a case back in 2001 known as the “Chong Fung –Yuen case”. 2.2 Motives Behind Dodge of the family-planning policy in mainland The automatic permanent residence status of the baby
6. Slide 7: 2. Background 2.3 Impacts & Population Opinions  Positive Stimulating the growth of medical revenue. Increase birth rate Negative Short-term:  Occupation of the public medical resources  Risks of hospitals  Financial pressures Long-term:  share the public welfare resources  cannot help solve the low birth-rate fundamentally  We challenge some of these conclusions because they are ill in logic.
7. Slide 8: 2. Background 2.4 Research Questions Five Aspects  Reasons  Attitude  Impacts  Choices  Solutions
8. Slide 9: 3. Research Method Target categories of people Group Subjects Characteristics Name HK pregnant HK residents  Group 1 women Mainland come from mainland  Group 2 pregnant now in HK  women in HK decide to give birth in HK  come from mainland  Mainland now in mainland  pregnant some are determined to give birth in the Group 3  women mainland while others don't exclude the outside HK possibility of giving birth in HK * To make a comparison between mainland and HK pregnant women, two types of questionnaires were designed in advance. One is both for group2 and group3, while the other is for group1 data was collected using survey questionnaire (two types)
9. Slide 10: 3. Research Method online Survey Methods:  mainly in face to face Face to face  online survey as supplement
10. Slide 11: 3. Research Method  Research Time: 27,Jan,2007—21,April,2007 Total:107 subjects  Sample Structure: Available:104 subjects Group Subjects Number / Name Proportion Group 1 HK pregnant women 41 / 39.42% Group 2 Mainland pregnant women in HK 22 / 21.16% Mainland pregnant women outside Group 3 41 / 39.42% HK
11. Slide 12: 3. Research Method Channels of Survey Guangdong Province •廣州市廣州郵電醫院婦產科處（ 3 月 21 日） •廣州市中山大學附屬第三醫院婦產科處（ 3 月 22 日） •深圳市第二人民醫院（ 3 月 25 日） •深圳市仁愛醫院（ 3 月 26 日） •中山市第一人民醫院（ 3 月 19 日） •accidental sampling in street •snowball sampling Hong Kong •香港浸會醫院（ 3 月 16 日、 3 月 20 日） •香港威爾斯親王醫院（ 3 月 30 日、 4 月 2 日） •香港大學瑪麗醫院（ 4 月 10 日） •香港旺角多處私人婦科診所（ 4 月 1 日） •香港 baby 親子雜誌的母嬰知識系列講座 (3 月 17 日） •香港保護本地孕婦權益組織 •accidental sampling in street •snowball sampling
12. Slide 13: 3. Research Method hospitals pregnant women association street Hong Kong Baptist Hospital snowball other
13. Slide 14: 3. Research Method  Preliminary Investigation 1st Round: Pilot study (content validity) Feedbacks:  Some questions using the term coined by media tend to be confusing.  For pregnant women, the questionnaire is too long to finish.  Some expression is not consistent with what HK people use.  Some questions involve researcher bias. 2nd Round: Neither confusing problems nor questionnaire length control failure occurred
14. Slide 15: 4. Data Analysis Reasons Attitudes  Part One Impacts (Frequency Analysis) Choices Solutions Income Possibility of VS Relatives Giving birth in Part Two Pregnant Time HK Correlation Cross-tabulation Prince of Wales Hospital Analysis After Born Problem VS Choices
15. Slide 16: 4.1 Reasons  Question 1  Question 2 來港生子的父母所持的觀念 大陸孕婦来港產子的主要原因 19.8% 23.4% 40.9% 15.9% 香港孕妇　 75.6% 80.5% 56.1% 香港孕婦 22.7% 4.5% 50.0% 22.7% 內地孕婦（已來港） 40.9% 63.6% 72.7% 大陸孕婦（已來港）　 36.6% 7.3% 56.1% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 65.9% 92.7% 70.7% 大陸孕婦（沒來港）　 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 可以免受計劃生育政策約束 認為多子女是福氣的象徵 希望母憑子貴、貪慕虛榮 寶寶可以獲得香港永久居民身份證從而享受諸多福利 盡力追求個人權利和生活方式 不知道 香港先進的醫療設備和服務 Part One
16. Slide 17: 4.1 Reasons Question 4 Question 3 限制大陸孕婦赴港產子的因素 大陸來港產子孕婦家庭的經濟狀況 2.4% 18.2% 18.2% 46.3% 39.0% 12.2% 香港孕婦　 54.5% 59.1% 72.7% 內地孕婦（已來港） 36.4% 63.6% 內地孕婦（已來港） 78.0% 70.7% 68.3% 61.0% 43.9% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 2.4% 80.5% 17.1% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 自生經濟能力 到了香港住宿不便 路途遙遠影響母嬰健康 富裕 中等收入 貧困 不知道 手續繁多 擔心被拒絕入境 Part One
17. Slide 18: 4.1 Reasons 4.2 Attitudes Question 6  Question 5 對“產子一條龍 ”中介機構的看法 對大陸孕婦赴港產子所持的立場 2.4% 香港孕婦 7.3% 36.6% 39.0% 14.6% 50.0% 50.0% 內地孕婦（已來港） 59.1% 40.9% 內地孕婦（已來港） 4.9% 39.0% 56.1% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 內地孕婦（沒來港） 14.6% 43.9% 39.0% 2.4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 沒聽說過 聽說過,但沒去過 打算去 去過 非常支持 支持 無所謂 反對 強烈反對 Part One
18. Slide 19: 4.2 Attitudes Question 8 Question 7 香港孕婦對大陸人的整體印象 大陸孕婦來港產子風潮是否會是長期現象 很差, 4.9% 很好, 7.3% 香港孕婦　 7.3% 26.8% 65.9% 不好, 4.9% 好, 7.3% 不知道 18.2% 22.7% 59.1% 內地（已來港）孕婦 短期現象 5.1% 一般, 長期現象 內地（未來港）孕婦 12.8% 82.1% 75.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 很好 好 一般 不好 很差 Part One
19. Slide 20: 4.2 Attitudes 4.3 Impacts Question 9 Question 10 香港孕婦對本地媒體報道的看法 大量大陸孕婦赴港產子，會令香港孕婦的權益： 17.1% 5.0% 25.0% 70.0% 4.9% 香港孕妇　 41.5% 50.0% 50.0% 內地孕婦（已來港） 36.6% 內地孕婦（沒來港）2.4% 73.2% 17.1% 7.3% 報導積極且客觀，為本地孕婦及香港社會爭取權益 報導積極，但對大陸孕婦的權益關注程度和報導不夠 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 報導不積極，對本地孕婦的權益關注程度和報導不夠 極度受損 部分受損 沒影響 有部分好處 不清楚 Part One
20. Slide 21: 4.3 Impacts Question 11 大量大陸孕婦赴港生子給香港帶來的負面影響 70.0% 77.5% 65.0% 67.5% 35.0% 香港孕妇　 28.6% 23.8% 23.8% 57.1% 81.0% 內地孕婦（已來港） 82.5% 60.0% 57.5% 80.0% 32.5% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 佔用醫院資源 部分內地產婦不做產前檢查，增加醫院醫療風險 部分內地孕婦生產後拖欠醫療費，增加香港政府財政壓力 佔用香港社會福利和公共資源（包括醫療、教育、房屋、社會福利） 帶來香港人口的不穩定因素 Part One
21. Slide 22: 4.3 Impacts Question 12 大量大陸孕婦赴港生子給香港帶來的好處 27.5%25.0%17.5% 72.5% 37.5% 香港孕妇　 19.0% 19.0% 66.7% 71.4% 71.4% 內地孕婦（已來港） 90.0% 62.5% 65.0% 75.0% 52.5% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 增加香港醫療收入 幫助提高香港出生率 緩沖香港人口老齡化問題 令香港人口結構多元化 促進在港消費 Part One
22. Slide 23: 4.3 Impacts Question 13 內地孕婦在港產子對香港孕婦造成的直接影響 90.0% 82.9% 醫院床位緊張，令預訂床位 80.0% 出現困難 63.4% 70.0% 增長了輪候產前檢查的時間 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 需要從公立醫院轉入私立醫 30.0% 院，令醫療費用增加 14.6% 20.0% 9.8% 並無直接影響到過我的切身 10.0% 利益 0.0% Part One
23. Slide 24: 4.4 Choices Question 14 Question 15 內地孕婦在香港所生孩子的去留問題 內地孕婦（沒來港）來港產子的可能性 非常有可能, 9.8% 回大陸, 看情況, 完全没有可能, 9.1% 9.1% 回大陸 22.0% 留香港, 9.1% 留香港 不大可能, 7.3% 先回大陸,再來港 不知道, 9.8% 受教育 有一定可能, 51.2% 看情況 先回大陆,再 非常有可能 有一定可能 不知道 来港受教育, 72.7% 不大可能 完全没有可能 Part One
24. Slide 25: 4.4 Choices Question 16 大陸孕婦在港所生孩子出生後會遇到的問題 22.7% 4.5% 63.6% 9.1% 內地孕婦（已來港） 17.5% 27.5% 35.0% 20.0% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 在港生活及教育成本高昂 孩子返回大陸後不能享受大陸的諸多福利政策（包括醫療、教育、房屋、社會福利等） 孩子返回大陸後缺乏社會文化認同感 孩子在港生活，長期與父母分離 Part One
25. Slide 26: 4.5 Solutions Question 17 提供預約證明對抑制內地孕婦赴港產子是否有效 68.3% 28.8% 49.0% 香港孕婦　 有顯著效果 90.9% 9.1% 內地（已來港）孕婦 有一定效果 效果甚微 內地（未來港）孕婦2.4% 78.0% 19.5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Part One
26. Slide 27: 4.5 Solutions Question 18 提高分娩套餐價格對抑制內地孕婦赴港產子是否有效 有顯著效果 香港孕婦　 9.8% 70.7% 19.5% 有一定效果 4.5% 內地（已來港）孕婦 4.5% 81.8% 9.1% 效果甚微 4.9% 12.2% 61.0% 22.0% 內地（未來港）孕婦 無效 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Part One
27. Slide 28: 4.5 Solutions Question 19 對香港政府出臺新政的看法 45.5% 40.9% 13.6% 內地孕婦（已來港） 80.5% 12.2% 7.3% 內地孕婦（沒來港） 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 可以理解，香港政府應該控制赴港生子人數 不可理解，香港政府誇大了事態的嚴重性 不太清楚 Part One
28. Slide 29: 4.5 Solutions Question 20 香港孕婦眼中的解決之道 80.0% 72.5% 修改基本法第24條 70.0% 60.0% 香港政府加大力度，從入境 50.0% 口岸阻截大陸孕婦入境 37.5% 40.0% 32.5% 大陸改善本身的政策及福利 30.0% 20.0% 15.0% 不可能解決 10.0% 0.0% Part One
29. Slide 30: Part Two 4.6 Family Income VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong Part Two
30. Slide 31: 4.7 Having Relatives VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong Part Two
31. Slide 32: 4.8 Pregnant Time VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong Part Two
32. Slide 33: 4.9 After Born Problems VS Choices Part Two
33. Slide 34: 5. Findings 5.1 Reasons behind the HK mainlander baby boom 5.2 Attitude toward Mainland Pregnant Women Influx 5.3 Impacts of Mainland Pregnant Women Influx 5.4 Choices of the Mainlander Pregnant Women 5.5 New Policies and Solutions
34. Slide 35: 5. Findings 5.1 Reasons  The biggest attraction to give birth in HK is the permanent residency status and advanced medical service rather than dodging “one-family-one-child” policy.  Travel and service agencies for mainland pregnant women to give birth in HK are not playing a big role in the subject matter. 5.2 Attitude  Most HK pregnant women are against the mainland mothers flooding into HK.  The overwhelming majority of mainland pregnant women are either in favor of it or taking a neutral stand.  Majority of the respondents from all the three parties think this phenomenon is going to last for a long time.
35. Slide 36: 5. Findings  Many local pregnant women think that the local media should have given more reports covering the rights and situations of mainland pregnant women during their stay in HK. 5.3 Impacts  Most respondents from all three parties agree that the mainlander baby boom in HK damages the rights of local pregnant women.  The biggest complaint from local mothers is that many mainland pregnant come to HK hospitals without pre-delivery checkup which increases the risk of hospitals.  Many HK women believe it can increase birth rate or buffer HK’s population aging problem, while mainland not.
36. Slide 37: 5. Findings 5.4 Choices  The appeal for mainland mothers to give birth in Hong Kong is still very strong though new measure issued by HK government.  Majority of mainland pregnant women will take the children back to mainland and then come back to HK for education. 5.5 New Policies and Solutions  Hong Kong pregnant women’s feedback toward this new policy is quite positive.  Most mainland pregnant women believe that booking ahead for a hospital within 7 months of pregnancy is effective but raising the obstetric package charges not so forceful.
37. Slide 38: 5. Findings  Most HK pregnant women expect the government to modify Article 24 of the Basic Law  Expect that the mainland central government cooperates with the HK government to resolve the problem joint-handedly.
38. Slide 39: 6. Limitations Drawback of face-to-face research Sample size Sampling method
39. Slide 40: 6.1 Sample Size is Small 6.2 Sample Method Target size: 60  Non-probability Sampling  Not representative enough Actual size:107  Lack in equal chance of being selected Reasons:  Interviewer’s bias may exist  6-8 weeks to get the Hospital’s permission  Sensitivity of the subject
40. Slide 41: 6.3 Drawback of face to face research Questions like: “whether this is your first child to be born” “your child born here will stay in HK or go back to the mainland” Sensitive may not reflect their real opinions in front of strangers.
41. Slide 42: 7. Current Situation and Future Development 7.1 Current Situation of the Issue •Since the new policy has been launched from February 2007, the number of mainland pregnant women influx decreased by 32%, comparing to the same time of last year. •Most of them have made appointment with hospitals. •It seems that the new policies are effective in controlling the number of mainland pregnant women coming to give birth in HK. ----the director of Health, Welfare and Food Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Specail Adiministrative Region
42. Slide 43: 7. Current Situation and Future Development 7.2 Mainlander Baby Boom – to Control or to Stop?  HK will focus on the management and control rather than blocking them from coming.  From our survey and research, we think the two new policies issued by the HKSAR government are rather wise solutions to this problem.  Increasing charges successfully guarantees the income of hospitals despite the decrease in the number of pregnant women from the mainland.
43. Slide 44: 7. Current Situation and Future Development 7.3 Rise of new issue with the subject matter
44. Slide 45: 7. Current Situation and Future Development 7.3 Rise of new issue with the subject matter  The issue is becoming more complicated.  HK government needs to revise its polices on the subject matter from time to time to cope with the rise of new problems and new trends.  With the deepening of relationship in various aspects between HK and the mainland, the mainlander baby boom is not only a demographic issue, it is inevitably going to be an economic, political and a cultural issue too.  How the HK government tackles and will tackle with it, we believe, will finally have a profound influence on various aspects of the HK society.
45. Slide 46: Thank you