Islam And Christianity (Tis Version) - Presentation Transcript
Estranged siblings or polarized
worldviews?
Sumair Mirza
Hayya' alaAllah (4x) (2x)
Ash Hadu Falaah (2x)
Allaahu Akbar
Allaahu alas illa-Lah illa-
Hayya' Akbar
Laa ilaaha Salaah
Ashhadu annailaaha
Come to felicity.
God is great. rasuulullah
Come great.
Lah is to none worthy of
God (2x) prayer.
Muhamadar
There is
(2x) witness that there
I worship except God.
bear
I bear witness that
none worthy of worship
Muhammad is the
except God.
Messenger of God.
Estranged siblings or polarized
worldviews?
Sumair Mirza
Starting point...
• Experience:
– My story
• Knowledge:
– Brief overview of Islam
– Fundamentals of the faith
• Qur’an, God, Muhammad, Jesus
• Application:
– Common objections
– Interesting passages
Experience
Knowledge
Islam is relevant... Even if only by the
numbers
Significant populace World Population
representing 1.4 billion
people globally Sikhs
0.35% Jews
0.23%
Anglicans Muslims Roman Catholics
1%
Over half a million Atheists
21% 17%
Muslims in Canada 2% Hindus
alone 13%
Orthodox
Christian
Other religions
4% Non-religious
5% of all Toronto 12%
12%
population, highest
Protestant
concentration of Christian
Muslims in any city in 6%
the US or Canada
Buddhists Sources: Statistics Canada and 2007 est. The CIA World Factbook
6%
Exclusivity presents a need for a decision...
A B
A B A B
Option 1 Option 2
A
(or the reverse)
B A
B
Knowledge
Historical Brief: Islam
• Birth of Muhammad
• Later modifications to his birth story
570 AD • Mother dies when he is 6, father already passed away
• Claims to be visited by the archangel Gabriel (Jibril)
• 3 years pass of despair and contemplation of suicide
610 AD • Speaks out against idolatry and lack of care for the poor
• Flight to Medina (Hijra) (622 AD), year 1 in the Muslim calendar
• Islam starts to spread as Medina primed with Jewish background to accept
622 AD monotheistic call
Knowledge
Historical Brief: Islam
• Mohammad wages battles resulting in 1,200-1,500 deaths
• 630 AD takes over Mecca and clears Kaaba of idols
623-630 AD
• Muhammad dies suddenly after short illness
632 AD
Knowledge
Historical Brief: sects
• Bifurcation of Islam created two major
Islam
• Result of dispute over who should be the first “Caliph”/successor to Muhammad
1. Sunni 2. Shi’ite 3. Sufi (small sect)
• 80% of Muslims • Successor should • Mystical
• Successor should be come from bloodline • Seek personal
elected of Muhammad relationship with Allah
• Hadith recognized • Would have been Ali, • New age aspect of
Muhammad’s cousin pantheism/monotheism
and son-in-law
• Potential to attain
• Hadith not recognized godhood (fanna)
Knowledge
What is Islam?
5 pillars of faith
1. Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the
finality of the prophet hood of Muhammad (shahadah)
2. Establishment of the daily prayers (salat)
3. Concern for and almsgiving to the needy (zakat)
4. Self-purification through fasting (sawm)
5. Pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able (hajj)
Pillars 2 to 5 have a pagan
background.
Knowledge
The Qur’an (“reading” or “reciting”)
• Most sacred text and climax of faith and
considered eternal word of Allah
• Not arranged in chronological order, arranged
from longest to shortest chapter... Has 114
chapters
• Size of our new testament...
• Given orally by Muhammad
• Compiled soon after his death
• During time of Uthman (third Caliph) Abu Bakr
burns other “versions” and issues one document
Knowledge
The Qur’an (“reading” or “reciting”)
• Most sacred text and climax of faith and
considered
The Haditheternal word of to the Qur’an to
holds a 2nd place only Allah
Muslims (4:59)
• Not arranged in chronological order, they take
• Christians worship on Sunday and Jews Saturday so arranged
fromFriday as special day (not holy though)
longest to shortest chapter... Has 114
chapters said pray fifty to heaven and saw Moses, Abraham, Jesus
• Muhammad went up
and they times a day and he wagers them down to
• Size of our new testament... day)
5 (hence the Muslims praying 5 times a
• Other interesting items included such as: dogs not allowing
• Given orally by Muhammad
angels in (Bukhari Volume 7, Book 72, #833), yawning is from the devil
• Compiled soon042, #7129,ofhis Volume 4, Book 54, #509), camel urine
(Shahih Muslim Book
afterBukhari Muhammad showered (Bukhari vol.
for medicinal use, details how
death
• During#266) of Uthman (third Caliph) Abu Bakr
1, 5,
time
burns other “versions” and issues one document
Knowledge
Triune God and Allah
Allah (Islamic God) Yahweh (Christian God)
"Praise be to Allah, who begets no son, God sent His Son, Jesus, to atone for the
and has no partner in (His) domain.” sins of mankind (John 3:16-17)
(17:111)
"O People of the Book! Commit no Jesus is part of the triune God, come in
excesses in your religion: Nor, say of Allah the flesh to earth for this purpose through
aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son His crucifixion and resurrection.
of Mary was (no more than) an apostle of (eternally loving)
Allah and His Word. . .“ (4:171)
"Then those whose balance (of good “know that a man is not justified by
deeds) is heavy -- they will attain observing the law, but by faith in Jesus
salvation. . .“ (23:102) Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in
Christ Jesus that we may be justified by
faith in Christ and not by observing the
law, because by observing the law no one
will be justified.” (Gal. 2:16)
Other references: Romans 5:10 & Acts 4:12 and on and on…
Knowledge
Triune God and Allah
Allah (Islamic God) Yahweh (Christian God)
"Praise be to Allah, who begets no son, God sent His Son, Jesus, to atone for the
and has no partner in (His) domain.” sins of mankind (John 3:16-17)
(17:111)
"O People of the Book! Commit no Jesus is part of the triune God, come in
excesses in your religion: Nor, say of Allah the flesh to earth for this purpose through
aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son His crucifixion and resurrection.
of Mary was (no more than) an apostle of (eternally loving)
Allah and His Word. . .“ (4:171)
"Then those whose balance (of good “know that a man is not justified by
deeds) is heavy -- they will attain observing the law, but by faith in Jesus
salvation. . .“ (23:102) Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in
Christ Jesus that we may be justified by
faith in Christ and not by observing the
law, because by observing the law no one
will be justified.” (Gal. 2:16)
Other references: Romans 5:10 & Acts 4:12 and on and on…
Knowledge
Triune God and Allah
Allah (Islamic God) Yahweh (Christian God)
"Praise be to Allah, who begets no son, God sent His Son, Jesus, to atone for the
and has no partner in (His) domain.” sins of mankind (John 3:16-17)
(17:111)
"O People of the Book! Commit no Jesus is part of the triune God, come in
excesses in your religion: Nor, say of Allah the flesh to earth for this purpose through
aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son His crucifixion and resurrection.
of Mary was (no more than) an apostle of (eternally loving)
Allah and His Word. . .“ (4:171)
"Then those whose balance (of good “know that a man is not justified by
deeds) is heavy -- they will attain observing the law, but by faith in Jesus
salvation. . .“ (23:102) Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in
Christ Jesus that we may be justified by
faith in Christ and not by observing the
law, because by observing the law no one
will be justified.” (Gal. 2:16)
Other references: Romans 5:10 & Acts 4:12 and on and on…
Knowledge
Jesus –Christian and Muslim View
Christian View
Son of God
Muslim View
Sinless
(He is God Incarnate) Virgin Birth Revered Prophet
Performed Miracles
Saviour of the World Word of God Not the Son of God
He was Crucified and Will Return Never Crucified, but was Taken
Resurrected Messiah to Heaven
Part of the Trinity The Messiah for the Jews Only
Messiah for the Whole World
Knowledge
Jesus –Christian and Muslim View
Christian View
Son of God
Muslim View
Sinless
(He is God Incarnate) Virgin Birth Revered Prophet
Performed Miracles
Saviour of the World Word of God Not the Son of God
He was Crucified and Will Return Never Crucified, but was Taken
Resurrected Messiah to Heaven
Part of the Trinity The Messiah for the Jews Only
Messiah for the Whole World
Knowledge
God in person of Jesus Christ and
Muhammad
Why should anyone give Jesus their “preference”? Especially why should
people be so infatuated with Jesus that all other “great religious geniuses”
are sidelined?
Common Comparison
VARIOUS RELIGIOUS LEADERS’ TRAITS JESUS’ TRAITS
Lived in poverty Lived in poverty
Rejected by majority of their contemporaries Rejected by majority of their contemporaries
Followed great ideals Followed great ideals
Suffered opposition and varying degrees of Suffered opposition and varying degrees of
persecution persecution
Passionately convinced of the message they Passionately convinced of the message they
brought brought
Critical of religious situation around them Critical of religious situation around them
Advocated radical moral change Advocated radical moral change
Hoped for a corporate future for humankind Hoped for a corporate future for humankind
that was much better than the present that was much better than the present
Knowledge
God in person of Jesus Christ and
MuhammadJesus their “preference”? Especially why should
Why should anyone give
people be so infatuated with Jesus that all other “great religious geniuses”
are sidelined?
Common Comparison
Accurate
MUHAMMAD
VARIOUS RELIGIOUS LEADERS’ TRAITS J TRAITS
JESUS’ESUS
Lived in poverty Natural birth Lived in poverty Virgin born
Sinful (prayed 70 times a day for sins)
Rejected by majority of their contemporaries Rejected by majority Sinless contemporaries
of their
Followed great idealsfor no one
Died Followed great ideals for sinners
Died
No miracles (he says no varying degrees of
Suffered opposition andmiracles but later does Suffered opposition and miracles degrees of
Performed varying
persecution others said Moses and Jesus did)
because persecution
Passionately convincedaof the message they
Only man Passionately convinced of the message they
Son of God
brought Not worshipped brought Worshipped
Critical of religious situation around them
Died and stayed dead (tomb still in medina) Critical of religious situation around them
Resurrected from dead
Advocated radical moralprophecies
Fulfilled no change Advocated radical moral change
Fulfilled OT prophecies
Hoped for a corporate future Heaven
Did not ascend into for humankind Hoped for a Ascended into Heaven humankind
corporate future for
that was much Arab (not Messiah)
better than the present that was much better than the present
Jewish (Messiah) – OT link
Not mediator/saviour Mediator/Intercessor/Saviour
No personal relationship Personal relationship
No second coming Second coming (even Muslims believe)
Does not give eternal life Gives eternal life
Knowledge
God in person of Jesus Christ and
Muhammad
Why should anyone give Jesus their “preference”? Especially why should
people be so infatuated with Jesus that all other “great religious geniuses”
are sidelined?
Common Comparison
Accurate
I am trying here to prevent anyone saying the really foolish thing that
people oftenMUHAMMAD Him:RAITS ready to acceptESUS’ESUS a great moral
VARIOUS RELIGIOUS LEADERS’ T 'I'm
say about J Jesus RAITS
J T as
Lived in poverty INatural birth
teacher, but don't accept His claim Lived in poverty That is born one thing we
to be God.' Virgin the
must Sinful (prayed 70man acontemporaries Rejected by and saidtheir sort of things
Rejected by majority of theirwho was merely a man majority Sinless contemporaries
not say. A times day for sins) of the
Followed great idealsfor no one
Died Followed great ideals for sinners
Died
Jesus said would andmiracles but later moral teacher. He would either bedegrees of
No miracles (he says
Suffered opposition no notvaryinggreat does Suffered opposition and miracles a lunatic
be a degrees of Performed varying
- on because
the level with the man who says he is a poached egg - or else he would
persecution others said Moses and Jesus did) persecution
Passionately convincedaof You message they your choice. Eitherofof the message they
be the Devil of Hell. the must make Passionately convinced this man was, and
Only man Son God
brought Son of God: or else a madman or something worse. You can shut Him
is, the Not worshipped brought Worshipped
Critical of religious situation around them
Died and stayed dead (tomb still in medina) Critical of religious situation around them
Resurrected from dead
up for a fool, you can spit at Him and AdvocatedasFulfilled OT change can fall at
Advocated radical moralprophecies
Fulfilled no change
kill Him radical moral prophecies
a demon; or you
Hoped for a and ascend HimHeaven and God. But a Ascended intocome humankind
His feet corporate future for humankind Hoped for let us not Heaven with any
Did not call into Lord corporate future for
patronizing better than the present being a was much better than the present not
nonsense about His
that was much Arab (not Messiah) that great Jewish (Messiah) – OT link has
human teacher. He
Not mediator/saviour
left that open to us. He did not intend to. Mediator/Intercessor/Saviour
No personal relationship Personal relationship - C.S. Lewis
No second coming Second coming (even Muslims believe)
Does not give eternal life Gives eternal life
Application
Common objections
1. Sects in Christianity
2. Bible is corrupt (e.g. single Gospel given vs. Abdollah changing
Qur’anic verses) (Tahrif)
3. Jesus was a prophet never the son of God
4. The Bible points to Muhammad's coming
5. Historical accuracy
6. Pagan influence (e.g. Mithra)
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Deuteronomy 18:15 – Muslims say Bible points to Mohammed but
it says messiah must be a Jew...a brother of theirs
• “The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from
among your own brothers. You must listen to him. For this is what
you asked of the LORD your God at Horeb on the day of the
assembly when you said, "Let us not hear the voice of the LORD our
God nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die." The LORD said
to me: "What they say is good. I will raise up for them a prophet like
you from among their brothers; I will put my words in his mouth,
and he will tell them everything I command him.”
• Another example is John 14:15-17 (Holy Spirit)
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 5:116-117 – Father mother, and Jesus seen as
Trinity… Islam thinks Mary is in Trinity but it’s wrong how
could Qur’an be wrong?
• “GOD will say, “O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to the
people, `Make me and my mother idols beside GOD?’ ” He
will say, “Be You glorified. I could not utter what was not
right. Had I said it, You already would have known it. You
know my thoughts, and I do not know Your thoughts. You
know all the secrets. I told them only what You commanded
me to say, that: `You shall worship GOD, my Lord and your
Lord.’ I was a witness among them for as long as I lived with
them. When You took me up (TAWAFFAytanee), You
became the Watcher over them. You witness all things.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 5:73 – Misunderstand the Trinity… God isn’t a third of
three.. is one and all but triune...Yusuf Ali inserts word trinity..
like he does Abraham…
• “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three;
when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not
from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who
disbelieve.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 29:27 – prophet line to
come through Isaac and Jacob
but Muhammad comes from
Ishmael Abraham
• “We granted him [Abraham]
Isaac and Jacob, we assigned to Ishmael Isaac
his descendants prophethood
and the scriptures, we endowed Muhammad Jacob Esau
him with his due recompense in
this life, and in the Hereafter he
Jesus
will surely be with the
righteous.” *Dashes represent abbreviated genealogy
Application
2 undeniable imperative defining
facts
Islamic Worldview Christian Worldview
You must first love god God first loved us so that
(allah) for him to love you. we may love Him.
(Qur’an 3:31) (1 John 4:10)
You send your sons to die if God sent his son to die for
you wish assurance of us and commands we live
“salvation”. as living “sacrifices” for
(Qur’an 4:74; 9:111)
Him.
(1 John 4:9, Romans 12:1)
Application
2 undeniable imperative defining
facts
Islamic Worldview Christian Worldview
You must first love god God first loved us so that
(allah) for him to love you. we may love Him.
(Qur’an 3:31) (1 John 4:10)
You send your sons to die if God sent his son to die for
you wish assurance of us and commands we live
“salvation”. as living “sacrifices” for
(Qur’an 4:74; 9:111)
Him.
(1 John 4:9, Romans 12:1)
God has decreed the faith He gave
immutable and commissioned us to
be “hope sharers”...
Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to
you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to
write and urge you to contend for the faith that
was once for all entrusted to the saints.
Jude 1:3
But in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to
give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the
hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect,
1 Peter 3:15
Do not let the
opportunity pass to
share the Gospel
message with
Muslims around
you.
This photograph showing a starving Sudanese child being stalked by a vulture won
Kevin Carter the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for feature photography.
Knowledge
The Kaaba and Al-Haram Mosque
Kaaba
• Islamic tradition asserts that Abraham and
Ishmael built the Kaaba as a copy of God's house
in heaven
• 50 feet high and made of gray stone and marble
• Early history is unclear, Muhammad conquered
Makkah in 630, he destroyed pagan idols inside
• Inside is empty, except for three pillars that hold
up the roof and some hanging lamps of silver
and gold
• On arrival, the pilgrim must walk around the
Kaaba seven times asking forgiveness
Al-Haram Mosque
• During the holy month population increases by a
million people
• Contains 1.7 million square feet of space
• It can hold 300,000 people at one time.
Application
Islamic worldview vs. Christian
worldview
• Nationalism
Society
Family
Individual
Finances
Politics
Dress
Etc.
Application
Islamic worldview vs. Christian
worldview
• Nationalism
Society
Family • Islamic worldview is
Individual defined explicitly
Finances • Shares exclusive aspect
Politics of Christianity
Dress
Etc.
Application
Other interesting facts…
In the least allows for violence to be fostered…
• Sura 47:4 - Therefore, when ye meet the Unbelievers (in fight), smite at their necks; At length, when ye
have thoroughly subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): thereafter (is the time for) either generosity
or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens. Thus (are ye commanded): but if it had been God's Will,
He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself); but (He lets you fight) in order to test
you, some with others. But those who are slain in the Way of God, - He will never let their deeds be lost.
• Sura 3:195 - And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost
the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their
homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain, - verily, I will
blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath; - A reward
from the presence of God, and from His presence is the best of rewards.“
• Sura 4:244 - Then fight in the cause of God, and know that God Heareth and knoweth all things.
• Sura 4:95 - Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive
and fight in the cause of God with their goods and their persons. God hath granted a grade higher to those
who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath
God promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home)
by a special reward,
It is okay to lie… Muhammad did… God said it was okay?
• Sura 66:2 - God has already ordained for you, (O men), the dissolution of your oaths (in some
cases): and God is your Protector, and He is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom. (cf 2:217)
Other interesting facts…
Cannot pass gas while praying
• Allah's Apostle said, "The prayer of a person who does ,Hadath (passes, urine, stool or
wind) is not accepted till he performs (repeats) the ablution." A person from
Hadaramout asked Abu Huraira, "What is 'Hadath'?" Abu Huraira replied, " 'Hadath'
means the passing of wind from the anus." (Volume 1, Book 4, Number 137: Narrated
Abu Huraira)
• My uncle asked Allah's Apostle about a person who imagined to have passed wind
during the prayer. Allah' Apostle replied: "He should not leave his prayers unless he
hears sound or smells something." (Volume 1, Book 4, Number 139: Narrated 'Abbas bin
Tamim)
When you have to go you gotta go… but wait…
• Allah's Apostle said, "If anyone of you goes to an open space for answering the call of
nature he should neither face nor turn his back towards the Qibla; he should either face
the east or the west." (Volume 1, Book 4, Number 146: Narrated Abu Aiyub Al-Ansari)
• The Prophet went out to answer the call of nature and asked me to bring three stones. I
found two stones and searched for the third but could not find it. So took a dried piece
of dung and brought it to him. He took the two stones and threw away the dung and
said, "This is a filthy thing." (Volume 1, Book 4, Number 158: Narrated 'Abdullah)
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Deuteronomy 18:15 – Muslims say Bible points to
Mohammed but it says messiah must be a Jew...a brother
of theirs
• “The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me
from among your own brothers. You must listen to him. For
this is what you asked of the LORD your God at Horeb on
the day of the assembly when you said, "Let us not hear the
voice of the LORD our God nor see this great fire anymore,
or we will die." The LORD said to me: "What they say is
good. I will raise up for them a prophet like you from
among their brothers; I will put my words in his mouth, and
he will tell them everything I command him.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• John 14:15-17 says the Spirit of truth will come
and it will be in you… but can’t be Mohammed …
how can he be “in you” or with you “forever”?
• “If you love me, you will obey what I command.
And I will ask the Father, and he will give you
another Counselor to be with you forever— the
Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him,
because it neither sees him nor knows him. But
you know him, for he lives with you and will be in
you.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 3:19 – “religion in sight of Allah is Islam”
shows exclusivity… Muslims can’t say they are
more tolerant than Christianity
• “The only religion approved by GOD is
"Submission." Ironically, those who have received
the scripture are the ones who dispute this fact,
despite the knowledge they have received, due to
jealousy. For such rejectors of GOD's revelations,
GOD is most strict in reckoning.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 4:34 – men are higher, scourge woman who don’t
obey
• “The men are made responsible for the women, and GOD
has endowed them with certain qualities, and made them
the bread earners. The righteous women will cheerfully
accept this arrangement, since it is GOD's commandment,
and honor their husbands during their absence. If you
experience rebellion from the women, you shall first talk to
them, then (you may use negative incentives like) deserting
them in bed, then you may (as a last alternative) beat
them. If they obey you, you are not permitted to transgress
against them. GOD is Most High, Supreme.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 5:116-117 – Father mother, and Jesus seen as
Trinity… Islam thinks Mary is in Trinity but it’s wrong how
could Qur’an be wrong?
• “GOD will say, “O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to the
people, `Make me and my mother idols beside GOD?’ ” He
will say, “Be You glorified. I could not utter what was not
right. Had I said it, You already would have known it. You
know my thoughts, and I do not know Your thoughts. You
know all the secrets. I told them only what You commanded
me to say, that: `You shall worship GOD, my Lord and your
Lord.’ I was a witness among them for as long as I lived with
them. When You took me up (TAWAFFAytanee), You
became the Watcher over them. You witness all things.”
Application
Interesting Passages...
• Qur'an 5:73 – Misunderstand the Trinity… God isn’t a third of
three.. is one and all but triune...Yusuf Ali inserts word trinity..
like he does Abraham…
• “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three;
when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not
from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who
disbelieve.”
Not so happy with non-Muslims...
• Sura (8:55) - Surely the vilest of animals in Allah's sight are those who
disbelieve
• Sura (48:29) - Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him
are hard (ruthless) against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves
• Sura (9:30) - And the Jews say: Ezra is the son of Allah, and the Christians
say: The Messiah is the son of Allah... Allah (Himself) fights against them.
How perverse are they!
• Sura (8:12) - I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve.
Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them
• Sura (9:123) - O you who believe! Fight those of the unbelievers who are
near to you and let them find in you hardness
• Sura (5:33) - But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay
the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and
lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and
establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way
for them: for God is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
Knowledge
What is Islam?
Terminology:
1. Islam – The religion revealed to Muhammad, meaning “submission” (to the will of Allah)
2. Muslim – “one who submits” (to God), a follower of Muhammad
3. Allah – Arabic word for God, used by Jews and Christians as well
4. Muhammad – The founder of Islam, 570-632 AD. He is considered by Muslims to be the
last and final prophet of God through whom God gave the revelations in the Qur’an.
5. Qur’an (Koran) – Believed by Muslims to be the full and final revelation of God to mankind,
conveyed to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel over a 23 year period and corresponds to the
eternal origin in Heaven.
6. Hadith – “a story”, an oral tradition later written down of what the prophet supposedly
said (sunna), did, or approved of – something said or done in his presence
7. Jihad – Sacred struggle with word or sword in the cause of Allah; a holy war
8. Fatwa – A expert legal opinion of Qur’anic law
9. Shirk – Association, in particular the association of any other God, so as to impugn his
absolute uniqueness
Miscellaneous notes...
• Not necessarily the most eloquent…
– 105, 109, 111
• Reward for martyrdom Sunan al-Tirmidhi Hadith number 2562, Qur’an
37:40-48, 55:70-78, 56:12-39
• Validate against the Torah and Bible? 10:94 - If thou wert in doubt as to
what We have revealed unto thee, then ask those who have been reading
the Book from before thee: the Truth hath indeed come to thee from thy
Lord: so be in no wise of those in doubt.
"In the holy month of Ramadan, no Muslim can act in this way,
these people are not Muslims," he said. "I appeal to all
democratic nations to help us get rid of this menace.“
- Newly elected Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari
Other interesting facts…
Muhammad
• He had 12 wives… receives exception from Allah (33:51)
• Can choose who he wishes to “Bed” with not regular rotation
• Was sinful even though some scholars say he wasn’t (48:2)
– (Sahih Al-Bukhari in Vol. 8 Hadith # 319) Narrated by Abu Huraira: “I heard Allah Apostle saying: ‘By Allah I ask for forgiveness
from Allah and turn to him in repentance more then 70 times a day.’ ”)
– "Narrated Abu Huraira: ... What do you say in the pause between Takbir and recitation? The Prophet said, ... O Allah! Set me
apart from my sins (faults) as the East and West are set apart from each other and clean me from sins as a white garment is
cleaned of dirt (after thorough washing). O Allah! Wash off my sins with water, snow and hail." Bukhari vol.1 book 12
(Characteristics of Prayer) ch.8 no.711 p.398. See also Sura 40:55)
• Doesn’t know if he will be saved
– (Sahih Al-Bukhari volume 5 Hadith # 266) Narrated by Um Al-Ala, an Ansari women said: “Uthman Bin Maz’un fell ill
and I nursed him till he died. Then the prophet came to us and I said, ‘O Abu As-Sa’ib, may Allah’s Mercy be on you! I
bear witness that Allah has honored you.’ On that the prophet said, ‘How do you know that Allah has honored him? As
to him, by Allah, death has overtaken him, and I hope the best for him. By Allah, though I am the apostle of Allah, yet
I do not know what Allah will do to me. By Allah, I will never assert the piety of anyone after him’ ”
• Committed cruel acts
– Last Jewish tribe, all men killed and women and children sold into slavery
– He authorized acts like the killing of Abu ‘Afk while she was nursing a child (haykal)
Women and Men
• Men have “a degree of advantage” over women (2:228)
• Men may beat women (4:34) (one translator adds word “lightly” after “beat”)
Killing of Abu ‘Afk
• Before the victory of Badr the Muslims used to fear the Madinese non-Muslims, for they
were still too weak to return any aggression inflicted upon them. But when they returned
victorious from Badr, Salim ibn ‘Umayr took upon himself the job of getting rid of Abu ‘Afk,
a tribesman of Banu ‘Amr ibn ‘Awf. The latter was a poet who composed verses disparaging
Muhammad and the Muslims and inciting his own tribe to rise against them. Even after
Badr, Abu ‘Afk still composed and disseminated abusive verse. Salim attacked Abu ‘Afk in his
sleep in his own yard and killed him. Likewise, ‘Asma', daughter of Marwan, of the tribe of
Banu Umayyah ibn Zayd, used to insult Islam and the Prophet by encouraging bad feeling
against the Muslims. The Battle of Badr did not make her reconsider. One day, ‘Umayr ibn
‘Awf attacked her during the night while she was surrounded by her children, one of whom
she was nursing. ‘Umayr was weak of sight and had to grope for her. After removing the child
from his victim, he killed her; he then proceeded to the Prophet and informed him of what
he had done. When her relatives returned from the funeral, they asked him whether he
had killed her. "Indeed so," said ‘Umayr, "You may fight me if you wish. By Him Who
dominates my soul, if you should deny that she composed her abusive poetry, I would fight
you until either you or I fall." It was this courage of ‘Umayr that caused the Banu Khutmah,
the tribe of ‘Asma's husband, to turn to Islam. Having converted to Islam but fearing
persecution at the hand of their fellow tribesmen, some of them had hidden their
conversion. Henceforth, they no longer did so. (Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of
Muhammad, tran. Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi [American Trust Publications, USA 1976; Malaysian
edition by Islamic Book Trust], p. 243; source)
Response to killing of Abu ‘Afk
• So therefore there was nothing wrong in what was done,
and the sources show that these 2 were not killed for
simple mockery and insulting comments. However what is
amusing is that Christians have no problems with the
pagans and the Jews who incited murder against Muslims,
they think it is okay, and they also have no problems with
the fact that Jews and pagans killed many Muslims, the
Christian has no problem with this and you will never hear
a single of them saying it was wrong. So therefore this
reveals something further, it reveals that our opponents
have no problems when Muslims get killed or threatened
with murder, and that says it all doesn't it?
• And Allah Knows Best!
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