Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Information and Communication Technology in Disaster Risk Management Sujit Mohanty Manager- Disaster information Systems GoI- UNDP Programme Date:30 April 2005 Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
2. Slide 2: What is Disaster Management? Preparedness -- activities prior to a disaster. Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems. Response -- activities during a disaster. Examples: public warning systems; emergency operations; search and rescue. Recovery -- activities following a disaster. Examples: temporary housing; claims processing and grants; long-term medical care and counseling. Mitigation - activities that reduce the effects of disasters. Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.
3. Slide 3: India and Natural Disasters world. India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquake; • • 70% of land under cultivation prone to drought; • 5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods; • 8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones. • A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years; • 50 million people affected annually • 1 million houses damaged annually along with human,social and other losses • During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI
4. Slide 7: Disaster Management in India Paradigm shift from relief and recovery to Risk & Vulnerability management Introducing culture of preparedness at all levels Strengthen decentralized response capacity in the country Empowerment of vulnerable groups and ensuring livelihoods Learning from past disasters.
5. Slide 8: Role of Information & Communication Technology in Disaster Management To catalyze the process of preparedness, response and mitigation. Providing access to vital information on Disaster preparedness to citizens. GIS based decision support system for planning. Designing early warning system. Emergency communication for timely relief & response measures. Building Knowledge Warehouses to facilitate planning and policy making.
6. Slide 9: Information Management Cycle Gathering Identifying data Needs Institutional Memory Analyzing Data and Disseminating Producing Information Information
7. Slide 10: Emergency Information Management •Defined as the collection, consolidation, analysis and dissemination of the information — requires that the emergency manager be fully cognizant of the needs of the eventual users of the information. •Effective emergency information management requires concerted planning, organizing, controlling, and influencing of human, material, and information resources to endure that information is disseminated to the right decision-makers at the right time to satisfy those needs.
8. Slide 11: Role of Disaster information system in various phases of Disaster Management • Preparedness for • Risk & vulnerability response & recovery identification – Database of existing skilled human & material – A database of past resources for emergency disasters effects to response. determine the risks in – Database on human particular geographic resources trained on location. various aspects of disaster – Zoning of hazards management. using GIS. – Develop preparedness – Validating the disaster plans based on risk, history database with available skill & resources. hazard maps and – Converting Disaster other external data for • Mitigation strategies and policies Management plans into accuracy in risk electronic documents for assessment. easy accessibility and easy – Mitigation strategies, policies and updating. legislation based on statistical facts & figures from various databases. – Development of a virtual knowledge net for creation of a network of institutions, developmental organizations and Government dept. for information sharing and preserving the research efforts.
9. Slide 12: Information systems framework for Disaster Management Reducing disaster losses & conserving developmental gains Planning & Policy decision for Quick emergency response & Facilitating disaster preparedness & recovery mitigation 1 Human & material response Hazard mapping & 1 resources database Vulnerability Assessment Database of disaster history 2 Database of Infrastructure, 2 elements for trend & pattern analysis lifelines & critical facilities. Database of disaster 3 management plan. Database of trained human 3 Awareness & training resources. 4 materials Inventory of legal, 5 Demographic information 4 GIS based information techno legal, administrative and institutional framework 5 system Knowledge base for disaster management
10. Slide 13: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
11. Slide 14: Online inventory of resources for disaster response preparedness
12. Slide 15: The biggest problem for disaster managers to respond to disasters is quickly mobilizing equipments, human resources and critical supplies to the emergency spot.
13. Slide 16: •When disasters strike: • Disaster managers needs lot of specialized equipments and skilled human resources for quick response.
14. Slide 17: •When disasters strike: • Delay in response may result in increased loss of lives and livelihoods.
15. Slide 18: •When disasters strike: • There is a lack of knowledge of whereabouts of these resources either in the neighboring District or State.
16. Slide 19: Online resource inventory for disaster management • National initiative under the Govt. of India-UNDP DRM programme in collaboration with National Informatics Center, Government of India. • Online database for capturing the countrywide inventory of equipments and skilled human resources for emergency response. • A database to minimize emergency response time by effective decision making on mobilization of human & material resources. • Systematic data collection & collation from Govt. line departments ,Public Sector Units, Corporate sector etc at the district level.
17. Slide 20: Corporate Sector CII- more than 5000 members BAI- more than 33000 members
18. Slide 21: •The Progress… • Decentralized resource inventory being managed by the districts. • 80000 records from 565 districts of 35 States/UTs already been captured. • Districts are updating their inventory quarterly. • Partnership with Builders’ Association of India (BAI) for Corporate Sector resource inventory. • The IDRN web portal has been extended to accommodate BAI members (33000 approx.)
19. Slide 22: Live Demonstration
20. Slide 23: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
21. Slide 24: Disaster Inventory Database- Objectives • A database of disasters to understand trends and patterns. • Capturing ‘Local’ level disaster data to understand the emerging risks at the local level. • Geo-referenced inventory of small, medium and large- scale disasters to understand trends and patterns. • To support planning & policy decisions for disaster preparedness and mitigation with statistical evidences. • Providing an objective base for vulnerability assessment and priority setting.
22. Slide 25: •Tools & Methodologies for Disaster Inventories DesInventar: A methodological tool to systematically build inventory of disasters. DesInventar: • A relational database through which parameters like events, causes, data DesConsultar: sources, and effects are captured • A decision making tool which uses the DesInventar database to query and analyze the database through maps, tables and thematic maps.
23. Slide 26: India Process • Implemented in Orissa, India. • Data collected from 30 districts for 32 years. • Data collected from media is compared with Government records. • Institutionalization with Government for sustainability. • Interpretation and analysis of the data shows new dimensions of risk & vulnerabilities of the State.
24. Slide 27: Preliminary Findings-India • Epidemics and cyclones are the greatest causes of deaths • Epidemics are highly associated with floods, but also occur as independent incidents. • Fire is the greatest cause of household destruction, comparable to Cyclone. • Floods affect people more than any other type of disaster.
25. Slide 28: Impact on Life Cyclone (20,449) Epidemics (19,963) Number of people killed in disasters in Orisa
26. Slide 29: Impact on Property Number of Houses Destroyed in Disasters- Orissa Cyclone (376,285) Fire (436,212) Floods (135,485)
27. Slide 30: Impact on Livelihood Number of people affected Drought(3’408,999) Cyclone(11’633,140) Flood (31’395,654) Rains (3’776,359)
28. Slide 31: Spatial Distribution of Disasters- Orissa
29. Slide 32: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
30. Slide 33: Geography Information System in Disaster Management • GIS allows disaster managers to quickly access and visually display critical information by location. • This information can be easily shared with disaster response personnel for the coordination and implementation of emergency efforts
31. Slide 34: GIS usage in Disaster Management • Pre disasters – Preparedness – Risk Analysis • Hazard zonation • Vulnerability mapping – Response planning • Spatial/ non-spatial database – Administrative boundaries(state, district, block/ taluka) – River network – Road network – Railway network – Airports – Prediction – Forecast Models (disaster wise) – Vigilance system (observation & warning) • Post Disasters – Relief – Disaster identification – Immediate response – Recovery – Rehabilitation – Impact study
32. Slide 35: Map Not to Scale – For demonstration purpose only
33. Slide 36: Community Contingency Plans linkages on GIS based system
34. Slide 37: Clicking inside a state through Hyperlink tool will link to respective states details . Map Showing Natural Disaster Risk Management Programme States of India
35. Slide 38: Map of Orissa showing the NDRM Districts.
36. Slide 39: Statistical Information of Puri District Every district is linked with respective block Maps. Source : District Disaster management Plan,Puri
37. Slide 40: Administrative Boundary of Puri District
38. Slide 41: Description about the Analysis Layers Taken for analysis : 2. Health Centres 3. Multipurpose Cyclone shelters 4. Storage Facilities 5. Buffer zones 6. Location of Boats • Information can be retrieved upto village level. 7. River systems • Block to Village can be zoomed in to view the geographical location 8. Roads of resources. • Details about item/resource can Linkage has been established to be seen and query based resources 2. District Disaster management Plan (DDMP) finding is possible 3. Block Disaster Management Plan (BDMP) • Flexibility of moving macro to 4. Gram Panchayat Disaster Management Plan (GPDMP) micro level in a same window. 5. Village-CCP
39. Slide 42: Location of Health Centres [Block Level] N E X T Next Slide: Map extent zoomed further to a scale of 1: 1,50,000 and greater to obtain location of health centres in the GP Level
40. Slide 43: Location of Health Centres [GP Level] Zoomed in to a scale of N E X T Next Slide: Map extent zoomed further to a scale of 1: 40,000 or greater to obtain location of health centres in the Village Level
41. Slide 44: Location of Health Centres [Village Level] N E X T
42. Slide 45: Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [Block Level] One can view the location of existing resources in the block by clicking the layers ON. ON N E X T
43. Slide 46: Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [ GP Level] N E X T
44. Slide 47: Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [Village Level] N E X T Particular resource can be viewed from District to Village level by changing the scale in the same window. In case to obtain more than one resource select the desired layers as shown in the next slides.
45. Slide 48: Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [Block Level] N E X T
46. Slide 49: Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [GP Level] N E X T
47. Slide 50: Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [Village Level] N E X T
48. Slide 51: Puri district - Coastal area Buffer Zone N E X T Buffer zones at a distance of 10,15,20,25 and 30Kms from Sea coast to locate the vulnerable villages under each zone. Resources can also be identified under each zone.
49. Slide 52: Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [Block Level] N E X T
50. Slide 53: Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [GP Level] N E X T
51. Slide 54: Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [Village Level] N E X T
52. Slide 55: Database of resources can be obtained at all levels N E X T Database of boat
53. Slide 56: Database of cyclone shelters at various levels N E X T
54. Slide 57: Linkage of Disaster N E Management Plans X T
55. Slide 58: Linkage of District Disaster Management Plan N E X T
56. Slide 59: Linkage of District Disaster Management Plan N E X T Web-page showing the DDMP of Puri District.
57. Slide 60: Linkage of Block Disaster Management Plan N E X T
58. Slide 61: Linkage of Block Disaster Management Plan N E X T Web-page showing the BDMP of Puri District.
59. Slide 62: Linkage of GP Disaster Management Plan N E X T
60. Slide 63: Linkage of GP Disaster Management Plan Web-page showing the GPDMP of Puri District. N E X T
61. Slide 64: Linkage of Community Contingency Plan N E X T
62. Slide 65: The CCP document of a village can be linked to the geographical location in this way.
63. Slide 66: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
64. Slide 67: Phase-I to be implemented in 6 months To establish communication between NEOC, MEOC, Concerned State EOC and NQRTs to be deployed at Disaster/Emergency sites Communication equipment at each EOC and NQRT : STATE HQ -VSAT terminal (Auto- DISASTER SITE tracking antenna for MEOC) -Video phone -Video Camera -GMPCS handheld phone -VHF handsets -PA System
65. Slide 68: Phase-II State Level: To be implemented in next 9 months To establish communication links between NEOC and all SEOCs through VSAT / ISDN Connectivity NEOC POLNET NIC HUB HUB State Level Communication links: Basic links : NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ VSAT (POLNET) Back-up links: First back-up NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ VSAT (NICNET) Second back-up NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ ISDN
66. Slide 69: Phase-II District level : To be completed in the next 15 months To link all DEOC & Medical teams/hospitals to the network with various back-up links thro’ ISDN, VSAT (POLNET/NICNET) District level Communication links: SEOC Basic links : DEOC <=> SEOC & NEOC thro’ ISDN Medical Teams <=> Hospitals thro’ VSAT (POLNET) HARYANA STATE Back-up links: First back-up DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC thro’ VSAT (POLNET) Second back-up DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC–VSAT (NICNET) MW LINK NEOC POLNET HUB DISTRICT EOC ISDN LINE POLNET CONNECTIVITY UPTO DEOCs
67. Slide 70: PHASE – II I NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION PLAN THRO’ POLNET THR Mobile Medical Team O’ P OLN E T Parent Hospital SEOC-N NATIONAL NICNET HUB EOC OPTIONAL BACK-UP FOR DEOC CONNECTIVITY TH RO GMPCS GMPCS ’ PHONE PHONE PUBLIC PO POLNET HUB LN ISDN ET NETWORK Reserved VSATs - NQRT-1 VSAT MOBILE EOC DEOC-N DEOC-1 DEOC-2
68. Slide 71: NQRT COMMUNICATIONS SET VIDEO TO POLNET HUB CAMERA VIA INSAT SATELLITE VIDEO CONFERENCE PHONE VSAT 1.2 METER IDU PORTABLE VSAT ANTENNA IP PHONE CONVERTER PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM PORTABLE GEN.SET, VHF HANDSETS GMPCS PHONES BATTERY ETC.
69. Slide 72: Network Resources • THE Network is proposed, to provide near 100% reliable communication links for Voice, Data, FTP, Video-conference and Video information dispatch between NEOC, MEOC, SEOC, DEOC & NQRT (EOC operating from Disaster/Emergency site) • The planned national network will use – Satellite communication links – ISDN public network • Bandwidth and hub utilised will be – POLNET – NICNET • SPACENET of ISRO/DOS is also being expanded to provide VSAT terminals at identified locations
70. Slide 73: Network Reliability • Reliability will be ensured by redundancy throughout the network to achieve near 100% availability – Basic links ii. VSAT based CUG between NEOC and SEOCs iii. ISDN dial-up between DEOCs and SEOC/NEOC (optional connectivity via State wide area networks wherever available) – 1st back-up • NEOC <-> SEOC links : NICNET VSAT links • DEOC <-> SEOC/NEOC: POLNET VSAT links – 2nd back-up: Shared VSAT links • NEOC <-> SEOC links : ISDN dial-up • DEOC <-> SEOC/NEOC: NICNET VSAT links – Optional back-up: Portable VSAT (will be installed at the time of disaster) – Additional connectivity: • SPACENET ,the VSAT network of ISRO • GMPCS phones for anywhere voice and low-speed data connectivity • HAM radio links between disaster sites and various EOCs
71. Slide 74: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
72. Slide 75: Case Studies : Community Level Orissa Experience 73 information centers in 12 districts of Orissa Early warning dissemination, information on disaster preparedness, agriculture, governance, health etc. Self sustaining models in partnership with Panchayats, NGOs, community. Facilitated by local volunteers and NYKS volunteers.
73. Slide 76: Case Studies: Community Level SETU Information Management System - Gujarat • A nodal point for facilitation of the rehabilitation process underway in Kutch for a defined geographical cluster of 15-20 villages. • A network of 22 such centers across 10 talukas. • Act as a coordination cell for relief and rehab in a cluster • Village community uploading information and feedback about on going projects and activities, base line resource information etc. • Accessing info. On schemes, entitlements, technical know how in various areas.
74. Slide 77: Case Studies India Disaster Resource Network • Disaster Inventory • • GIS in Disaster Management • Emergency Communication plan • Use of ICT at community level Proposed incident surveillance system •
75. Slide 80: Reports and Utility of the System >Situation Reports >Alerts >Damage Assessment >Need Assessment >Immediate Relief Requirements >Intervention Gap Analysis >Long term recovery and rehabilitation planning >Disaster Trends and patterns report >Risk identification Archived Preliminary Data Collection Format Incident Server Research and analysis Maps 3rd Party Graphs Analysis Tool Research and analysis of time series disaster data through 3rd party analysis tools for trends, patterns of disasters and risk identification using graphs, maps etc.
76. Slide 81: Knowledge Network • Creating and connecting community of practitioners (CoP) in Disaster Management through a knowledge based portal. • A network of organizations, research institutions, Government agencies and DM practitioners. • Facilitating direct interaction, information sharing, virtual conferencing (e-mail/ video conferencing etc)
77. Slide 83: Together towards a safer world…