1. Cell tissues and organs
B M Subramanya Swamy M.Sc. B.Ed.
CIE Co ordinator & Examination Officer
Kanaan Global School
Jakarta
Indonesia
swamy@kanaanglobal.sch.id

2. Cell tissues and organs
•Introduction
•Specialized cells
•Body structure
•Organ system

3. Introduction
• Specialized cells are adapted to perform specific
roles
• Within an organism there are various types of
specialized cells
• Differentiation is the process that allows cells and
tissues to develop special structures and
functions
• Tissues are a group of similar cells that are
specialized for the same function
• Different types of tissues work together to form
an organ

5. Specialized cells
Root hair cells Xylem vessels Red blood cells
Characteristics Unicellular found
behind root tip
Outgrowth of
epidermal cells
Row of cells
Vessels form a
hallow cylindrical
tubes of cells
Flattened
biconcave disc
No nucleus
Contains
hemoglobin

6. Root hair cells Xylem vessels Red blood cells
Specialization Long and narrow thus
increases its surface
area
Large vacuole with
salt and sugar solution
making it more
concentrated than the
surrounding soil water
Cell wall thickened
and impregnated with
lignin
Narrow lumen to aid
capillary action
Hallow vessel allows
water to fill it
Long vessel to reach
distances between
root and shoot
Shape and flexibility
allows it to pas
through the
narrowest vessels
Shape increases
surface area for
diffusion of oxygen
Cytoplasm with Hb to
pick up more oxygen
Lack of nucleus
provides more space
for Hb

7. Root hair cells Xylem vessel Red blood cell
Functions Absorption of water and
dissolved minerals salts
from the soil
Provides mechanical strength
to plant body
Conducts water and mineral
salts from root to shoot
Mainly to transport
oxygen in the
hemoglobin to area in
the deprived of it

8. Body structure
Tissues
• Cells are arranged according to their type and
function
• A tissues is a group of similar cells that
perform a specific function

9. Main tissues in animals
Tissue type Types of cells Function
Epithelial tissues Layer of lining or cover
Cells usually placed end to
end
Covers the external surface
Serves as a protective
lining
Some form glands
E.g. Digestive gland

10. Tissue types Types of cells Function
Connective tissue Bone
cartilage
Blood
Joins body structure together
Provides protection and support
Has the ability to store or
transport materials

11. Tissue type Types of cells Functions
Muscular tissue
Nervous system
Muscles in arms heart etc
Brain cells
Locomotion
Breathing
Peristalsis
Conduct nerve impulses
throughout the body

12. Main tissues in plants
Tissues types Types of cells Function
Epidermal tissue One layer of cells
May be covered with a
waxy cuticle
Covers surface of plant
Protects from physical
damage and infection
Reduce water loss

13. Meristematic tissue Undifferentiated cells Undergoes cell division to
produce new
Vascular tissue Vascular bundle of xylem
phloem cambium
Transport water and mineral
salts
Transport food
Provide support
New tissue growth in the
cambium
Photosynthetic Cells with chloroplasts Cells with chlorophyll
Absorption of sunlight
photosynthesis

14. Organs
• Some tissues work together ad an organ
• A structure with two or more types of tissues
that work together for a specific function

15. Plant and Animal organ
Types of organ Function
Leaf Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Flower Reproduction

16. Types of organ Function
Alimentary canal To digest food
Nose trachea lungs Gaseous exchange
Heart blood Transport oxygen and dissolved
substances

17. Organ system
• A group of organs working together to
perform a specific function

18. Organ system Function
Integumentary system
(skin)
Waterproof barrier
Regulates temperature
Circulatory system Regulates body temperature
Transports food wastes and gases to and from cells
Respiratory system Takes in oxygen
Release carbon di oxide

19. Muscular system Movements of parts of the body
Muscles found in internal organs serves to move substances in
the organs
Skeletal system Supports body
Protects internal organ
Lymphatic system Filters bacteria
Digestive system Takes in and breaks down food
Absorbs nutrients
Undigested food is eliminated

20. Excretory system Removes wastes from the body
(includes lungs and skin)
Nervous system Control and co-ordinate body movements
Transmit information from the brain
Immune system Defends against infection
Endocrine system Secrete hormones
Produce response in the body
Reproductive system Produce sex cells
Protects and nourishes young during
development