Optimizing Your Frontend Performance

Optimizing Your Frontend Performance Thomas Weinert

About Me  Application Developer ▹ PHP ▹ XSLT/XPath ▹ (some) Javascript  papaya CMS ▹ PHP based Content Management System ▹ uses XSLT for Templates Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

How to scale you webpage?  Hardware  Backend  Frontend Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Hardware  More hardware  Better hardware  Moores Law ▹ Transistors doubling every 18 months ▹ Transistors != Performance  Distributed systems are complex  Think about environment Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Backend  External data sources are slow ▹ SQL ▹ Files ▹ Network  Locking is slower  Memory is faster ▹ but less secure Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Mini/Micro Optimisations  Myths ▹ echo vs. print ▹ ' vs. quot;  Objects vs. functions vs. linear source  Template systems Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Mini/Micro Optimisations DON'T DO IT Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Yahoo!  Yahoo!'s Exceptional Performance team ▹ Yahoo!'s Exceptional Performance team evangelizes best practices for improving web performance. They conduct research, build tools, write articles and blogs, and speak at conferences. Their best practices center around the rules for high performance web sites. ▹ http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/ Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Results  80% of the end-user response time is spent on the front-end. Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Firebug  Firefox extension  Analyze and manipulate ▹ requests, page structure, CSS  Javascript debugger Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

YSlow  Why (is your web page) slow  Set of rules  Firebug extension Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Yslow: Performance View Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Yslow: Stats Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Yslow: Components Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Yslow: Tools  Print View  JSLint Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Make Fewer HTTP Requests  Combined files ▹ CSS ▹ JavaScript  CSS sprites Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Combined files  Release process  CSS ▹ Consider URLs  JavaScript ▹ Minify ▹ Obfuscate Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

CSS Sprites  Elements with fixed size  Background image  Disable repeat  Negative positions Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

CSS Icons  Raster of icons  No repeat  Fixed size <div> or <span> Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

CSS Backgrounds  Gradient  Repeat in one direction Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Minify Javascript  Most JS libraries provide a minified version  YUI Compressor: http://developer.yahoo.com/ yui/compressor/ ▹ JS and CSS  Packer ▹ Webpage, .Net, Perl, PHP ▹ http://dean.edwards.name/packer/ Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

#2 Use A CDN  Content Delivery Network ▹ Akamai Technologies ▹ Mirror Image Internet ▹ Limelight Networks  Bring the content to your users ▹ Geographic distance ▹ Physics is still here  Only for large sites  Dynamic content is complex Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Headers  Expires  Cache-Control ▹ Session-Management  304 Not Modified Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Expires  Apache mod_expire <IfModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresDefault quot;access plus 1 monthquot; ExpiresActive on </IfModule> Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Cache-Control  nocache ▹ no caching ▹ default for sessions  private ▹ cacheable in browser cache  public ▹ cacheable in browser cache and proxies Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

304 Not Modified  Send Etag and Modfication date ▹ Etag: quot;some hashquot; ▹ Last-Modified: Thu, 12 Sep 2008 11:00:00 GMT  Request headers ▹ If-Modified-Since: Tue, 12 Sep 2008 11:00:00 GMT ▹ If-None-Match: quot;some hashquot;  Response headers ▹ HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

HTTPFox  Firefox Extension  Log of all HTTP requests  Not only displayed content Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Gzip Components  Gzip != Zip ▹ only compression ▹ no packaging ▹ tar.gz  Good browser support ▹ Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate ▹ Content-Encoding: gzip Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Gzip in Apache  mod_gzip  mod_deflate ▹ filter chain, works on dynamic content, too ▹ http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.html Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Gzip In PHP 5 <?php ob_start('ob_gzhandler'); ... Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Gzip In PHP 5 <?php if (function_exists('ob_gzhandler')) { ob_start('ob_gzhandler'); } ... Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Configure ETags  Browser still asks webserver  Server specific ▹ CDN ▹ Load balancer with multiple servers  Apache ▹ FileETag none  IIS ▹ http://support.microsoft.com/?id=922733 Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Split requests across domains  HTTP 1.1 suggests 2 parallel requests per domain  Separate content by function ▹ www.domain.tld ▹ themes.domain.tld ▹ usercontent.domain.tld (security)  Optimisation tools change the option  Consider cookie domains Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Reduce DNS Lookups  DNS maps host names to ips  Needs time ▹ 20-120 milliseconds  Cached in browser Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Avoid Redirects  Obviously additional requests  Only cached with explicit headers ▹ depends on webserver configuration  http://www.domain.tld ▹ http://www.domain.tld/ Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Put Stylesheets at the Top  Progressive display of the page  Page appears to load faster  W3C specifications Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Put Scripts at the Bottom  Scripts block parallel downloads ▹ defer attribute in MSIE  onload() event ▹ used by most libraries  Problem: document.write() ▹ Counter ▹ Banners Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Avoid CSS Expressions  MSIE from version 5 ▹ cross browser experience  JavaScript inside CSS  Evaluated ▹ page render ▹ resize ▹ scrolling ▹ mouse movements (hover) Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

JavaScript And CSS Files  Do not embed JS/CSS in your pages ▹ No <script>...</script> ▹ No <style>...</style>  Separate caching headers  Revision parameter (style.css?rev=1234) ▹ Get parameter ▹ Unique URL for browser Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Remove Duplicate Scripts  Team size  Standard scripts ▹ XMLRPC, JQuery, Prototype  Script module for your template system  $templatesystem->addScript('foo.js'); Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

Make Ajax Cacheable  Often AJAX applications avoid caching ▹ http://some.domain.tld/ajax.file?t=randomvalue  A lot of requests  Use more static URLs Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

References  Slides: http://www.abasketfulofpapayas.de/  Yahoo Performance Team ▹ http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/  JS minimize ▹ http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/compressor/ ▹ http://dean.edwards.name/packer/  Apache GZIP ▹ http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.html  No Etag in IIS ▹ http://support.microsoft.com/?id=922733 Thomas Weinert, papaya Software GmbH

http://www.a-basketful-of-papayas.net	96
http://www.abasketfulofpapayas.de	47
http://localhost	5
http://www.slideshare.net	4
http://www.planet-php.net	1
http://mrgray.com	1
http://www.directrss.co.il	1
http://devel11	1

Optimizing Your Frontend Performance

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