Architecting WPF Applications

Architecting WPF Applications
Paul Stovell
Senior Consultant
WPF Technical Specialist
Readify

Agenda
WPF Overview
Inductive vs. Deductive UI
Navigation
Presentation Patterns
Composition
Inter-view Communication
Dependency Injection
Partitioning
Leveraging XAML
Performance Considerations

WPF Overview

Unified Presentation

Web or Windows?
Windows
Intranet Internet
Silverlight
Windows Forms
Java
Java Applets
ASP.NET
WPF XBAP
WPF
AJAX

WPF Releases
.NET Framework 3.0
.NET Framework 3.5
.NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1
.NET Framework 4.0

Inductive vs. Deductive

Deductive UI

Inductive UI

Inductive vs. Deductive
Why does it matter?
UI composition Patterns
Navigation Patterns
Service Layer
ChangeAddress vs. SaveCustomer

DataGrid

Navigation

Linked List
Page 1
Page 2
Page 4
Page 3

Centralized Decisions
Navigation Handler
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4

Model-View-ViewModel
aka Presentation Model
Model-View-Presenter
aka Supervising Controller
Model-View-Controller

Model View ViewModel
Change Address View
Model
Customer
Address
Accounts
Change Address ViewModel

Model View ViewModel (Wrapped)
View Model
Change Address View
Customer VM
Account VM
Address VM
Model
Customer
Account
Address

Model View Presenter
Change Address View
Model
Customer
IChangeAddressView
Address
Accounts
Change Address Presenter

Model View Presenter with VM
Change Address View
Model
Customer
IChangeAddressView
Address
Accounts
Change Address Presenter
State
Behaviour

Model View Controller
Controller
View 1
Model 1
View 2
Nav Request
Model 2
View 3
Model 3

Things to consider:
Does every view need separated presentation?
Does every view need to follow the same pattern?
Code Behind isn’t Evil (DataGrids are)
MVPoo

UI Composition

Model-based Composition
Recent Orders ViewModel
Search ViewModel
Weather ViewModel
Order List
Search
Weather

UI-based Composition
Bottom-Up
Order List
Top Region
2. Place
Navigation
Bottom Region
1. Resolve
Search
Weather

UI-based Composition
Top-Down
Order List
Top Region
Bottom Region
Search
Weather

Inter-View Communication

Standard .NET events
Search Model
Child model raises event
Parent model forwards event
Results Model
Criteria Model

Event Aggregator
Results Model
Criteria Model
hub
Publish
Handle
Publish
Handle
Advert Model
Recent Searches Model

Event Aggregator
Advantages:
Automatic thread switching
Weak events
Hook for cross-cutting concerns

Dependency Injection

Partitioning

Partitioning
Splitting partitions:
By SKU
By feature
By team
By department

Partitioning
Managing partitions:
With solutions
With projects
With assemblies

Partitioning
Resolving:
Hard-coded
Config
Discovery

Partitioning
Also consider:
Deployment and patching
Inter-partition dependencies
Dev time vs. build time partitioning

Partitioning
Remember: assemblies are like water
necessary for life…
…but too much can kill you!

Leveraging XAML

Abstractions
<Grid>
<..>
<Label
Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0"
Content="First Name:"
Target="{Binding ElementName=FirstNameTextBox}"
/>
<TextBox
Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1"
Name="FirstNameTextBox"
Text="{Binding Path=FirstName}"
/>
</Grid>
<Form>
<Field For="{Binding Path=FirstName}" />
<Field For="{Binding Path=LastName}" />
<Field For="{Binding Path=EmailAddress}" />
</Form>

Consistency
<TextBlock
Foreground="Red"
Text="Please enter..." />
<TextBlock
Foreground="{StaticResourceColor.Bad}"
Text="Please enter..."
/>

Style Catalogues
<TextBox Width="300" .../>
<TextBox Style="{StaticResourceTextBox.Big}" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResourceTextBox.Small}" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResourceTextBox.Medium}" />

Behaviours
Consider this:
Developers don't write code; they build tools for designers

Retained scene vs. Immediate Mode
Virtualization (data and UI)
Memory leaks
Third party components
Performance test from day 1

Q&A
Links:
http://www.codeplex.com/CompositeWPF
http://magellan.codeplex.com
http://www.galasoft.ch/mvvm/getstarted/
http://caliburn.codeplex.com
Paul Stovell
paul@paulstovell.com
www.paulstovell.com

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Architecting WPF Applications

by Paul Stovell

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