CONTEXT Jurisdiction: Maryland Philosophy: Forward thinking Excitement: Embracing change

Jurisdiction: Maryland

Philosophy: Forward thinking

Excitement: Embracing change

ESD Philosophy Environmental Site Design (ESD) Low Impact Development (LID) Better Site Design Green Infrastructure Sustainable Site Design

Environmental Site Design (ESD)

ESD Philosophy Replicate Existing (Woods!) hydrology Small scale practices Non-structural techniques Site planning techniques Conservation of natural features Drainage patterns Soils Vegetation Minimize impervious surfaces Slow down runoff Timing Infiltration Evapotranspiration 1-Year Design Storm

ESD Background

ESD Background Stormwater Management Act of 2007 Local ordinance revisions Revise Chapter 5 of the MD SWM Design Manual Stormwater Zoning Public Works Phased SWM design & review process Implement ESD planning techniques ESD to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) Structural practices as last priority

Local ordinance revisions

Revise Chapter 5 of the MD SWM Design Manual

Stormwater

Zoning

Public Works

Phased SWM design & review process

Implement ESD planning techniques

ESD to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP)

Structural practices as last priority

ESD Background Stormwater Management Act of 2007 October 1, 2007 Act Effective May 5, 2009 COMAR revisions effective April 15, 2009 Design Manual Chapter 5 Revised November 11, 2009 Local ordinances due to MDE May 4, 2010 Local ordinances must be adopted

ESD Background Pre-2000 Stormwater Management Efficient conveyance Site planning & grading for storm drain systems Channelize flows “ Efficiency is the Goal”

Efficient conveyance

Site planning & grading for storm drain systems

Channelize flows

“ Efficiency is the Goal”

ESD Background Pre-2000 Stormwater Management End-of-pipe treatment Primarily flood control / Secondary WQ Sporadic aesthetic value Not integrated into the site design Land planning – put it in the low area The fewer facilities, the better Simple site planning Easy grading design

End-of-pipe treatment

Primarily flood control / Secondary WQ

Sporadic aesthetic value

Not integrated into the site design

Land planning – put it in the low area

The fewer facilities, the better

ESD Background Pre-2000 Stormwater Management INNOVATIVE THINKING

INNOVATIVE

THINKING

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual Center for Watershed Protection Years of review Embraced recent innovations Potential for multiple facilities integrated into site design Exemption: 2 cfs

Center for Watershed Protection

Years of review

Embraced recent innovations

Potential for multiple facilities integrated into site design

Exemption: 2 cfs

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual infiltration basin infiltration trench pocket wetland pond/wetland system ED shallow wetland shallow wetland wet extended detention multiple pond system wet pond dry swale Bio-retention pocket sand filter organic filter perimeter sand filter underground sand filter surface sand filter wet swale STRUCTURAL PRACTICES

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual grass channel NON-STRUCTURAL PRACTICES environmentally sensitive development sheet flow to buffers non-rooftop disconnection Rooftop Disconnection natural area conservation “ CREDITS”

grass channel

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual OPTIONAL

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual RESULTS End-of-pipe options remained No requirement for non-structural practices Local jurisdiction resistance Design community resistance Zoning & Public Works Code conflicts

RESULTS

End-of-pipe options remained

No requirement for non-structural practices

Local jurisdiction resistance

Design community resistance

Zoning & Public Works Code conflicts

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual NON-STRUCTURAL PRACTICES NOT IMPLEMENTED!

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual INTEGRATED SMALL-SCALE PRACTICES NOT IMPLEMENTED!

ESD Background 2000 to Present - 2000 Maryland Design Manual

Enter… Environmental Site Design Replicate Existing Hydrology Small scale practices Non-structural techniques Site planning techniques Resource constraints

Defining ESD to the MEP (aka “THE RULES”) Design process Site and resource mapping Better Site Design techniques Structural practices only when necessary Review process Integrate ES&C The design process will require the developer to adhere to the following procedures to achieve ESD to the MEP: Following the Design Process for New Development as outlined in the step wise procedures in Figure 5.1 Developing a map that identifies natural resource areas and drainage patterns and devising strategies for protection and enhancement. Minimizing total site imperviousness by implementing clustered development and other better site design techniques. Demonstrating that all reasonable opportunities for meeting stormwater requirements using ESD have been exhausted by using natural areas and landscape features to manage runoff from impervious surfaces and that structural BMFs have been used only where absolutely necessary. Participate in the comprehensive review process for interim plans review and approval at the conceptual, site development, and final phases ofproject design. Integrating strategies for erosion and sediment control and stormwater management into a comprehensive development plan. Phased SWM design & review process Implement ESD planning techniques ESD to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) Structural practices as last priority 2 cfs Exemption GONE!

Design process

Site and resource mapping

Better Site Design techniques

Structural practices only when necessary

Review process

Integrate ES&C

The design process will require the developer to adhere to the following procedures to achieve ESD to the MEP:

Following the Design Process for New Development as outlined in the step wise procedures in Figure 5.1

Developing a map that identifies natural resource areas and drainage patterns and devising strategies for protection and enhancement.

Minimizing total site imperviousness by implementing clustered development and other better site design techniques.

Demonstrating that all reasonable opportunities for meeting stormwater requirements using ESD have been exhausted by using natural areas and landscape features to manage runoff from impervious surfaces and that structural BMFs have been used only where absolutely necessary.

Participate in the comprehensive review process for interim plans review and approval at the conceptual, site development, and final phases ofproject design.

Integrating strategies for erosion and sediment control and stormwater management into a comprehensive development plan.

Phased SWM design & review process

Implement ESD planning techniques

ESD to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP)

Structural practices as last priority

ESD Design & Review Process

Site and Resource Mapping

Better Site Design CWP 1998 Narrow streets & sidewalks Cul-de-sacs – smaller radii Open vegetated channels Parking – hold at max / structured Parking lot runoff – landscaped / bioretention Open space – Cluster options Setbacks – Reduce fronts and widths Shared driveways, alternative surfaces Rooftop runoff to pervious Buffers with protection Limit clearing and grading Conservation of contiguous forest Conservation incentives – density, flexibility

CWP 1998

Narrow streets & sidewalks

Cul-de-sacs – smaller radii

Open vegetated channels

Parking – hold at max / structured

Parking lot runoff – landscaped / bioretention

Open space – Cluster options

Setbacks – Reduce fronts and widths

Shared driveways, alternative surfaces

Rooftop runoff to pervious

Buffers with protection

Limit clearing and grading

Conservation of contiguous forest

Conservation incentives – density, flexibility

Better Site Design Reduce impervious areas Road widths, parking, etc.

Reduce impervious areas

Road widths, parking, etc.

Better Site Design Open vegetated channels

Open vegetated channels

Better Site Design Site fingerprinting

Site fingerprinting

Better Site Design Clustering

Clustering

Better Site Design Maintain Existing Drainage Patterns Minimize storm drains Avoid large facilities Grading techniques

Maintain Existing Drainage Patterns

Minimize storm drains

Avoid large facilities

Grading techniques

ESD Practices

ESD Design Philosophy Eliminate stormwater impacts with materials selection Treat stormwater as close to the source as possible – convey AFTER treatment Use small-scale vegetated practices integrated throughout the site Site layout guidelines Locate green spaces down-slope of impervious for treatment Grade site to maintain sheet flow Avoid concentrated flows

ESD Practices Group 1: Alternative Surfaces Group 2: Nonstructural Practices Group 3: Microscale Practices

Group 1:

Alternative Surfaces

Group 2:

Nonstructural Practices

Group 3:

Microscale Practices

Group 1: Alternative Surfaces A-1 Green Roofs Thickness Options: 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”

A-1 Green Roofs

Thickness Options: 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”

Group 1: Alternative Surfaces

Group 1: Alternative Surfaces A-2 Permeable Pavements

A-2 Permeable Pavements

Group 1: Alternative Surfaces

Group 1: Alternative Surfaces A-3 Reinforced Turf

A-3 Reinforced Turf

Group 2: Nonstructural Practices N-1 Disconnection of rooftop runoff

N-1 Disconnection of rooftop runoff

Group 2: Nonstructural Practices N-2 Disconnection of non-rooftop runoff

N-2 Disconnection of non-rooftop runoff

Group 2: Nonstructural Practices N-3 Sheetflow to conservation area

N-3 Sheetflow to conservation area

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-1 Rainwater Harvesting Rain barrel sizing for credit 311.69 gallons / 500 sf roof 5.67 55 gallon drums

M-1 Rainwater Harvesting

Rain barrel sizing for credit

311.69 gallons / 500 sf roof

5.67 55 gallon drums

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-2 Submerged Gravel wetlands

M-2 Submerged Gravel wetlands

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-3 Landscape Infiltration

M-3 Landscape Infiltration

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-4 Infiltration Berm

M-4 Infiltration Berm

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-5 Dry wells

M-5 Dry wells

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-6 Micro-bioretention

M-6 Micro-bioretention

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-6 Micro-Bioretention Max DA = 20,000 sf

M-6 Micro-Bioretention Max DA = 20,000 sf

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-6 Micro-bioretention

M-6 Micro-bioretention

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-7 Rain gardens Max DA 2000sf/10000sf

M-7 Rain gardens Max DA 2000sf/10000sf

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-8 Swales

M-8 Swales

Group 3: Micro-scale Practices M-9 Enhanced Filters Provides recharge

M-9 Enhanced Filters Provides recharge

Design Examples

Example Project Traditional 2000 Design Approach SAND FILTER U/G CMP Cpv

Example Project Design Approach #1 MICRO-BIORETENTION REVERSED GRADES

Example Project Design Approach #2 CISTERN PERMABLE PAVING SWALE GREENROOF

Example Project Design Approach #3 MICRO-BIORETENTION PERMABLE PAVING SWALE

Example Project Design Approach #4 SUBMERGED WETLANDS RAIN GARDEN PLANTER BOXES MICRO-BIORETENTION

LEED CREDITS

LEED Sustainable sites 6.1 Quantity Control Case 1 - Existing Impervious Less Than 50% Option 1 Maintain Existing 1- and 2-Year Rate AND Volume NOT within ESD Practices Design Framework Option 2 Stream Channel Protection Fits within ESD Practices Design Framework Non-ESD Calculations Required Case 2 - Existing Impervious Greater Than 50% Reduce Existing 2-Year Rate AND Volume by 25% NOT within framework of ESD LEED 6.1 ESD Peak Discharge Rate Control Y Y Volume Control Y N

Case 1 - Existing Impervious Less Than 50%

Option 1 Maintain Existing 1- and 2-Year Rate AND Volume

NOT within ESD Practices Design Framework

Option 2 Stream Channel Protection

Fits within ESD Practices Design Framework

Non-ESD Calculations Required

Case 2 - Existing Impervious Greater Than 50%

Reduce Existing 2-Year Rate AND Volume by 25%

NOT within framework of ESD

LEED Sustainable sites 6.1 Quantity Control ESD PRACTICE PEAK VOLUME A-1 Green Roofs Y N A-2 Permeable Pavements Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced A-3 Reinforced Turf Maybe/Enhanced Maybe N-1 Disconnection of Rooftop Runoff N N N-2 Disconnection of Non-Rooftop Runoff N N N-3 Sheetflow to Conservation Areas N N M-1 Rainwater Harvesting Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced M-2 Submerged Gravel Wetland N N M-3 Landscape Infiltration Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced M-4 Infiltration Berms N N M-5 Dry Wells Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced M-6 Micro-Bioretention Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced M-7 Rain Gardens Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced M-8 Swales N N M-9 Enhanced Filters Maybe/Enhanced Maybe/Enhanced

LEED Sustainable Sites 6.2 Quality Control 80% Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal ESD Meets LEED 6.2 Requirements LEED 6.2 ESD Water Quality Control Y Y

80% Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal

ESD Meets LEED 6.2 Requirements

LEED Sustainable Sites Related Credits SS 5.1 Site Development – Protect or Restore Habitat ESD Resource Protection ESD Site Planning Philosophies SS 5.2 Site Development – Maximize Open Space ESD Resource Protection ESD Site Planning Philosophies ESD Impervious Reduction / Integrated Vegetated Practices SS 7.1 Heat Island Effect – Nonroof Permable Pavements ESD Impervious Reduction / Integrated Vegetated Practices SS 7.2 Heat Island Effect – Roof Green Roof WE 1 Water Efficient landscaping WE 3 Water Use Reduction Rainwater Harvesting

SS 5.1 Site Development – Protect or Restore Habitat

ESD Resource Protection

ESD Site Planning Philosophies

SS 5.2 Site Development – Maximize Open Space

ESD Resource Protection

ESD Site Planning Philosophies

ESD Impervious Reduction / Integrated Vegetated Practices

SS 7.1 Heat Island Effect – Nonroof

Permable Pavements

ESD Impervious Reduction / Integrated Vegetated Practices

SS 7.2 Heat Island Effect – Roof

Green Roof

WE 1 Water Efficient landscaping

WE 3 Water Use Reduction

Rainwater Harvesting

Redevelopment

Redevelopment 2000 Manual 20% reduction in Existing Impervious, or Provide proportional treatment 2009 Manual Qualification: Existing site must be 40% Impervious 50% Reduction in Existing Impervious, or Provide proportional treatment OPTIONAL Alternatives Retrofits Stream restoration, Pollution trading Fees

2000 Manual

20% reduction in Existing Impervious, or

Provide proportional treatment

2009 Manual

Qualification: Existing site must be 40% Impervious

50% Reduction in Existing Impervious, or

Provide proportional treatment

OPTIONAL Alternatives

Retrofits

Stream restoration,

Pollution trading

Fees

Local Jurisdiction Update

Local Jurisdictions MDE delegates SWM authority to locals Meet State criteria MDE reviews of programs Guidance Referring to Chapter 5 Some updating local Design Guidance Deviations from Manual Details, details, details Setbacks, underdrain requirements, engineering and public complaint issues Review Processes Within existing frameworks Some additional review steps Expanding agency involvement (SCD)

MDE delegates SWM authority to locals

Meet State criteria

MDE reviews of programs

Guidance

Referring to Chapter 5

Some updating local Design Guidance

Deviations from Manual

Details, details, details

Setbacks, underdrain requirements, engineering

and public complaint issues

Review Processes

Within existing frameworks

Some additional review steps

Expanding agency involvement (SCD)

Local Jurisdictions 10- and 100-Year Requirements Areas of flooding only NO credit for ESD practices Zoning / Road Code changes Minor tweaking Builders for the Bay Culmination of 20 years…. Grandfathering May 4, 2010 SWM and ESC Approval Redevelopment Alternatives Optional Mixed reaction

10- and 100-Year Requirements

Areas of flooding only

NO credit for ESD practices

Zoning / Road Code changes

Minor tweaking

Builders for the Bay

Culmination of 20 years….

Grandfathering

May 4, 2010

SWM and ESC Approval

Redevelopment Alternatives

Optional

Mixed reaction

THANKS! Theodore E. Scott, PE, CPESC, LEED AP Stormwater Maintenance, LLC T.E. Scott & Associates, Inc. 128 Cockeysville Road, Suite 200 Hunt Valley, Maryland 21030 tes@MdSWM.com 410.785.0875 www.AppliedStormwater.com hord | coplan | macht 750 East Pratt Street, Suite 1100 Baltimore, Maryland 21202 www.hcm2.com Environmental Site Design Maryland’s Stormwater Design Manual