Causes of WWII in Europe

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    Causes of WWII in Europe - Presentation Transcript

    1.  
    2.  
      • 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria
      • 1937 – Japan attacks the rest of China
      • 1939 – Germany invades Poland; France and Britain declare war on Germany
      • 1940 – France invaded by Germany; Italy declares war on France and Britain
      • 1941 – Japan attacks US; US and China declare war on Japan; Germany and Italy declare war on US
      • 1942 – Japan invades the Philippines; Singapore; Italian and German forces losing in Africa
      • 1943 – Italians switch sides; declare war on Germany
      • 1944 – US and British invade France; begin assault on Germany
      • 1945 – Germany surrenders; US uses atomic bombs on Japan; Japan surrenders
      • Allied Casualties
        • UK: 450 thousand
        • France: 560 thousand
        • US: 420 thousand
        • China: 20 million
        • Soviet Union: 24 million
      • Axis Casualties
        • Germany: 7.5 million
        • Italy: 460 thousand
        • Japan: 2.7 million
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      • Some scholars argue that the Second World War in Europe just continued the First World War
      • Hitler, it is said, wanted to fight World War One over again and win the second time
      • Most of the territory the two sides fought over, such as the French-German border, was the same as in World War One
      • The Russian Revolution (1917)
        • Russian losses during the war led to the revolution and the creation of the Soviet Union
      • Treaty of Versailles (1919)
        • Germany’s punishments
          • Required Germany take responsibility
          • Demanded Germany pay billions of dollars in reparations each year – until the year 1984
          • This led to economic collapse in Germany
        • Created the League of Nations
    4.  
      • An early United Nations (1919-1946)
      • Created to promote peace, disarmament, and security
      • The US never joined
      • Japan left when the League opposed Japan’s war in China
      • Italy left too
    5.  
      • Fascism is an early twentieth century political ideology
        • Government directs the people and the economy to make the country strong
        • The government has a military orientation
        • The leader is like a father to the people
        • The nation is loved like a god
        • Communism and democracy are condemned
        • Violence is used regularly to maintain order
      • Italy
        • Mussolini created modern fascism
      • Spain
        • Franco’s fascists destroyed both Spanish democracy and Spanish socialism
      • Japan
        • Tojo made Japan a fascist country
      • Germany
        • Nazism was the German form of fascism
      • Has all the characteristics of fascism, plus the following four concepts:
      • Concept of Der Übermensch , German racial superiority
      • Concept of Großdeutschland , a “greater Germany” in the heart of Europe
      • Concept of Lebensraum , “living room,” the idea that Germany needs to take resources and land from the rest of Europe
      • Concept of Der Dolchstoß , “the stab in the back,” the betrayal of Germany by her leaders during World War I
      • Hitler didn’t invent Nazism but he decided its direction
      • While in prison, he wrote Mein Kampf
        • This book shows he was obsessed with racial purity and German superiority
        • He lays out his plans for greater Germany
    6.  
      • Three-way conflict
        • The Spanish Republic, the Communists, and the fascists
      • Foreign aid
        • Fascists aided by Germany and Italy
        • Communists aided by the Soviets
        • Republicans aided by Soviets and the West
      • Why did the fascists win?
        • Support from Germany was strong; the Germans used the civil war to practice
        • Communists fought each other
        • Republicans had trouble working with Communists
      • Germany claimed the right to control any countries in Europe with German peoples
        • This was called the unification of greater Germany
      • Austria, Hitler’s home country, was annexed by Germany in 1938
        • This was called the Anschluss (“linking up”)
      • Sudetenland is a part of Czechoslovakia that has German peoples
      • The Sudeten Germans created ties to the Nazis in 1935
      • A Nazi-supported civil war began in Czechoslovakia between the Germans and others
      • Nazi Germany demanded that Sudetenland be given to them
      • The West encouraged Czechoslovakia to cooperate with Germany to avoid a war
      • Sudetenland was given to Germany in September 1938
      • The Soviet Union and the Germans signed an alliance in August 1939
      • The alliance terms:
        • Non-aggression between Germany and the Soviets
        • Nearby countries were to be divided up between the two powers
      • The orange areas show new territory claimed by the Soviets
      • The dark blue areas show East Prussia, a part of historic Germany claimed by the Nazis
      • The light blue areas show other new territory claimed by the Nazis
      • This was the invasion plan for the Soviets and the Germans in 1939 and 1940
      • On 1 st September, the Germans and the Soviets invaded
        • The Germans faked Polish attacks along the border to justify the war
        • The Soviets justified the war by claiming they were helping their “brothers” in Poland
      • France and Britain responded by declaring war on Germany on 3 rd September
    7.  

    + Matthew StinsonMatthew Stinson, 2 months ago

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