Evidence Based or Ideologically Driven? The dividing line between Social Marketing and Political Marketing Dr Stephen Dann School of Management Marketing and International Business Australian National University

Background

Social Marketing Benchmark Project ~23 Universities have an identifiable social marketer (teaching or researcher) Thus far… UQ, QUT, GU, Victoria, Monash, Swinburne, Macquarie, UoW, USyd, UTS, UWA, ECU, Curtin. 19 academics 6 weeks 4 states 2 timezones And a terribly broad definition of “East Coast”

~23 Universities have an identifiable social marketer (teaching or researcher)

Thus far…

UQ, QUT, GU, Victoria, Monash, Swinburne, Macquarie, UoW, USyd, UTS, UWA, ECU, Curtin.

19 academics

6 weeks

4 states

2 timezones

And a terribly broad definition of “East Coast”

Preliminary Outcomes

The context When the Government said they wanted less regulation interfering with people’s lives, we never thought they meant social marketing campaigns for healthy eating would be withdrawn...We thought they just meant stuff about the banks. New Zealand Social Marketing Academic

When the Government said they wanted less regulation interfering with people’s lives, we never thought they meant social marketing campaigns for healthy eating would be withdrawn...We thought they just meant stuff about the banks.

New Zealand Social Marketing Academic

Laying out the ground work Political Marketing A set of activities, processes or political institutions used by political organisations, candidates and individuals to create, communicate, deliver and exchange promises of value with voter-consumers, political party stakeholders and society at large. Hughes and Dann (2009) Social Marketing Adaptation and adoption of commercial marketing activities, institutions and processes as a means to induce behavioral change in a targeted audience on a temporary or permanent basis to achieve a social goal” Dann (2009)

Political Marketing

A set of activities, processes or political institutions used by political organisations, candidates and individuals to create, communicate, deliver and exchange promises of value with voter-consumers, political party stakeholders and society at large.

Hughes and Dann (2009)

Social Marketing

Adaptation and adoption of commercial marketing activities, institutions and processes as a means to induce behavioral change in a targeted audience on a temporary or permanent basis to achieve a social goal”

Dann (2009)

Social marketing within the evidence sphere Using a ‘neutral’ toolkit “Social Good” Evidence based intervention Achieving Societal Outcomes

Social marketing within a political sphere Using a ‘neutral’ toolkit Ideological framework Evidence based intervention Achieving Political Outcomes

‘Evidence’ What counts as evidence? Evolution, Intelligent design, FSM? Neutrality of Medical Science BMI Neutrality of Evidence Human Created Climate change and Pevensy Castle

What counts as evidence?

Evolution, Intelligent design, FSM?

Neutrality of Medical Science

BMI

Neutrality of Evidence

Human Created Climate change and Pevensy Castle

What counts towards evidence University of Wollongong researchers Marketing inputs are not evidence Marketing metrics are not evidence Recall, awareness, reach, frequency (Jones

University of Wollongong researchers

Marketing inputs are not evidence

Marketing metrics are not evidence

Recall, awareness, reach, frequency (Jones

Data Point 2010 Louis I. Dublin (1882–1969), a statistician and vice president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, was the first to lead the development of tables of normal weights, based on the average weights recorded for a given height . However, as data accrued, he noted a rather wide range of weights for persons of the same sex and height, which he attributed to differences in body ‘shape’ or ‘frame’. To resolve the problem, he divided the distribution of weight at a given height into thirds, and labelled them ‘small’, ‘medium’ and ‘large’ frames. The average weights of those thirds were then termed ‘ideal’ weights, later less presumptuously labelled ‘desirable’ weight, for each of the three frame types. For purposes of insurance, undesired weight was considered at 20–25%, and morbid obesity at 70–100% above the desirable weight for a given frame. Eknoyan (2008) http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/1/47

Louis I. Dublin (1882–1969), a statistician and vice president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, was the first to lead the development of tables of normal weights, based on the average weights recorded for a given height . However, as data accrued, he noted a rather wide range of weights for persons of the same sex and height, which he attributed to differences in body ‘shape’ or ‘frame’. To resolve the problem, he divided the distribution of weight at a given height into thirds, and labelled them ‘small’, ‘medium’ and ‘large’ frames.

The average weights of those thirds were then termed ‘ideal’ weights, later less presumptuously labelled ‘desirable’ weight, for each of the three frame types. For purposes of insurance, undesired weight was considered at 20–25%, and morbid obesity at 70–100% above the desirable weight for a given frame.

Eknoyan (2008) http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/1/47

BMI Data captured between 1830 and 1850 "average man" (l'homme moyen) characterized by the mean values of measured variables that follow a normal distribution. BMI categories do not take into account frame size Muscularity varying proportions of fat, bone, cartilage, water weight, and more. Will the Quetelet Index hold if tested on 2010 data? What else from 1850 do we accept uncritically?

Data captured between 1830 and 1850

"average man" (l'homme moyen) characterized by the mean values of measured variables that follow a normal distribution.

BMI categories do not take into account

frame size

Muscularity

varying proportions of fat, bone, cartilage, water weight, and more.

Will the Quetelet Index hold if tested on 2010 data?

What else from 1850 do we accept uncritically?

BMI 2009 26.1 27.5 Midpoint BMI 149.9 185.2 Pounds 63.54 68.82 Inches 2.37 2.08 Ratio 68kg 84 kg Weight (kg) 161.4 174.8cm Height (cm) Average female height Average male height

Evidence II Schuchat was commenting on this Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Hospitalized Patients with Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection — California, April–May, 2009 . This MMWR looked at the characteristics of 30 people hospitalised for severe H1N1 flu infection. How many of the severely ill were obese? 4. FOUR. That’s 13% . That’s 41% LOWER than expected, if people were sickening randomly with severe swine flu. http://viv.id.au/blog/20090615.5376/obesity-drops-risk-of-severe-swine-flu-more-than-40/

Schuchat was commenting on this Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Hospitalized Patients with Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection — California, April–May, 2009 . This MMWR looked at the characteristics of 30 people hospitalised for severe H1N1 flu infection.

How many of the severely ill were obese? 4. FOUR.

That’s 13% . That’s 41% LOWER than expected, if people were sickening randomly with severe swine flu.

http://viv.id.au/blog/20090615.5376/obesity-drops-risk-of-severe-swine-flu-more-than-40/

Pevensy Castle Beginning in the 4th century as one of the last and strongest of the Roman 'Saxon Shore' forts - two-thirds of whose towered walls still stand - it was the landing place of William the Conqueror's army in 1066. At one time Pevensey formed, with Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports. It began to decline as a seafaring place with the loss of its harbour, owing to the receding of the sea along the Sussex shore–the walls, which were formerly almost washed by the waves, being now quite a mile inland http://www.authorama.com/what-to-see-in-england-53.html

Beginning in the 4th century as one of the last and strongest of the Roman 'Saxon Shore' forts - two-thirds of whose towered walls still stand - it was the landing place of William the Conqueror's army in 1066.

At one time Pevensey formed, with Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports. It began to decline as a seafaring place with the loss of its harbour, owing to the receding of the sea along the Sussex shore–the walls, which were formerly almost washed by the waves, being now quite a mile inland

http://www.authorama.com/what-to-see-in-england-53.html

The Seaside Fort

Back to the original question Evidence Based or Ideologically Driven?

Social Marketing induce behavioral change targeted audience temporary or permanent basis achieve a social goal Let’s take a minute…

induce behavioral change

targeted audience

temporary or permanent basis

achieve a social goal

Let’s take a minute…

And now a word from our sponsors… The Governing Political Party

Political Marketing create promises of value communicate promises of value deliver promises of value exchange promises of value with voter-consumers, political party stakeholders and society at large.

create promises of value

communicate promises of value

deliver promises of value

exchange promises of value

with voter-consumers, political party stakeholders and society at large.

Drawing the dividing lines Political versus Social… Change?

Ideological based intervention What constitutes evidence? Evidence of impact? Evidence of outcome of behavioral change? When is evidence actually ideological? Right of choice Upstream Intervention User pays versus subsidized interventions?

What constitutes evidence?

Evidence of impact?

Evidence of outcome of behavioral change?

When is evidence actually ideological?

Right of choice

Upstream Intervention

User pays versus subsidized interventions?

Ideological Evidence based intervention What constitutes evidence?

Social Marketing as ideological intervention Evidence based government social marketing is purporting to “be above political considerations”

So where are heading?

Pragmatic research questions Does the credibility of government social change campaign lie with the credibility of the political figures? Does the general public neatly box up the various roles of government into isolated elements? Does the public see “Government” as all encompassing?

Does the credibility of government social change campaign lie with the credibility of the political figures?

Does the general public neatly box up the various roles of government into isolated elements?

Does the public see “Government” as all encompassing?

Should marketing metrics count as evidence? Does reach, frequency and recall have a role in benchmarking ‘socially negative’ advertising?

International Non Profit and Social Marketing Conference Hosted in Queensland * Thurs 15th and Friday 16th July 2010 * Brisbane, Sunshine Coast or Gold Coast are tendering for the location

Questions and discussion