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Optimizing for
           Happiness
                             Tom Preston-Werner

Thursday, November 3, 2011


Joke about oxford pubs
Optimizing for
           Happiness
                             Tom Preston-Werner

Thursday, November 3, 2011


Joke about oxford pubs
Thursday, November 3, 2011


I cofounded GitHub
Erlang/OTP, Scala, Clojure, Node.js,
Business is
                              Broken


Thursday, November 3, 2011

Business is broken.
ROBERT PROPST




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Let me give you an example.
This is Robert Propst, he invented the cubicle in 1968.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


I used to spend my days in a place that looked like this.
He must have been some kind of monster, to do that;
to design a system that most efficiently crammed humans into
offices.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Quite the contrary, he worked at Herman Miller.
Back then it the Open Bullpen office was popular.
This is the Action Office.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


So what happened to turn Propst’s ideas into this?
Three things:
* Economic way to pack people into offices
* Depreciation laws
* Optimizing for money
“Lots of businesses are run by
                   crass people who create
                   hellholes. They make little bitty
                   cubicles and stuff people in
                   them. Barren, rat-hole places.”
                                      – Robert Propst




Thursday, November 3, 2011


In fact, in his later years, Propst himself denounced what he had
inadvertently created.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


And now we know why Robert looks the way he does.
What can we
                  do about it?


Thursday, November 3, 2011
Motivations
                          Cost      Happiness
                        Quality      Control
                        Speed        Agility
                       Efficiency    Impact


Thursday, November 3, 2011


Here are a few things that motivate decisions.
Motivations
                          Cost      Happiness
                        Quality     Revenge
                        Speed        Agility
                       Efficiency    Growth


Thursday, November 3, 2011


Of these, cost and happiness are the most interesting to
me.
Often at odds, but why?
Investing in
                        Humans

Thursday, November 3, 2011


Investing in business decisions is generally well
understood.
But when it comes to humans, a lot of traditional
knowledge is wrong.
HARRY HARLOW




Thursday, November 3, 2011


This is Harry Harlow.
He’s was a professor at the University of Wisconsin.
1949 did primate research with puzzles.
Uncovered intrinsic motivation.
EDWARD DECI




Thursday, November 3, 2011


This is Edward Deci.
He’s a professor at the University of Rochester.
1969 Picked up Harlow’s research.
Extrinsic vs Intrinsic
              Motivators



Thursday, November 3, 2011


He’s done a lot of research on extrinsic vs intrinsic
motivators.
Soma puzzles.
Extrinsic means rewards for work you do.
Intrinsic means being rewarded by the work itself.
Optimize for
                Happiness

Thursday, November 3, 2011


Ever since we started GitHub, we’ve tried to optimize for
happiness.
Simply because a company with that philosophy is one I’ve
always wanted to work for.
It turns out that by doing that, you can optimize for success at
the same time.
People
                 Organization
                 Environment
Thursday, November 3, 2011


I’ve identified three main areas where optimizing for
happiness is effective.
People
                 Organization
                 Environment
Thursday, November 3, 2011

Companies are made up of people.
People are the most important part of a company.
How do you optimize the hiring process for happiness?
Thursday, November 3, 2011


I like to think of a company as a bit like a restaurant.
Hire the Best



Thursday, November 3, 2011


Hire the best people you can find.
There’s nobody unhappier than someone you just had to fire.
It is our responsibility to hire the best.
Seek and Offer
                             The 1% Fallacy




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Use your network of existing employees and friends.
An offer is a powerful thing.
“Seek and offer” is better than job post blast because it avoids
the 1% fallacy.
Tech Review via
             Open Source
                                            Free as in
                                           AWESOME!



Thursday, November 3, 2011


Technical interviews are mostly useless.
Riddle Me Not
                      How many barbers are
                        there in the UK?



Thursday, November 3, 2011


Please please please stop with the riddles. In no circumstance is
that relevant to the job.
Cultural Fit


                                    http://www.toothpastefordinner.com




Thursday, November 3, 2011


You can’t judge cultural fit from code. We do our interviews at
a bar or cafe.
Keep them
                               Happy



Thursday, November 3, 2011
DAN PINK




Thursday, November 3, 2011


This is Dan Pink. He has a great book called “Drive: The Surprising
Truth about what Motivates Us.”
Mastery
                             Conferences & Travel
                             Kindle + Free Books



Thursday, November 3, 2011
Health Care
                             Unmetered Sick Days




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Definitely optimized for cost by most companies.
Vacations
                             Also unmetered




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Responsibility and trust.
Side Projects



Thursday, November 3, 2011


In a cost optimized situation, side projects would be prohibited.
Side projects allow us a distraction from everyday mission critical
work.
A collaborative canvas to experiment with others.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


My favorite GitHub side project is Hubot
He’s our Campfire chat bot written in Node.js.
He can do a lot of things.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
What is the ROI of making
           my employees happy?




Thursday, November 3, 2011
People
                   Organization
                   Environment
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Flat Lattice
                         Organization



Thursday, November 3, 2011


Made famous by Gore Corp.
- Flat
- Team based
- Personal initiative
- No org charts
- No chains of command
Well De ned Goals




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Well De ned Goals
                                        Cheerio!




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Help developers work better together.
- Main Site
- Enterprise Site
- Training
- Jobs
- Conferences
Small Teams




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Small Teams




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Self organizing.
Teams assemble around features based on desire to work on
them.
Self Managed

                                   Autonomy!




Thursday, November 3, 2011


One of the tenets of Dan Pink’s keys to worker motivation is
autonomy.
That means being in charge of your destiny.
Enhances intrinsic motivation.
Leadership by
                  Merit and Ability




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Self managed doesn’t me unmanaged.
Leaders arise naturally.
Company of the compelling argument.
No Titles




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Titles are harmful.
Reduce flexibility and interest in varied endeavors.
No Meetings



Thursday, November 3, 2011


When was the last time a meeting made you happy?
Meetings are optimized for CYA.
Culture of Shipping




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Shipping makes people smile.
Getting your work in front of an audience is empowering.
Purpose!




Thursday, November 3, 2011


At GitHub, we encourage shipping product as soon as reasonable.
No Work Hours
                             ROWE




Thursday, November 3, 2011


Rigid working hours are optimized for control.
Cali Ressler and Jodi Thompson, HR at Best Buy.
Gap in 2008. Turnover dropped by 50%, engagement up 13%.
Predicated on trust.
Less Burnout




Thursday, November 3, 2011
What is the ROI of working
          together happily?




Thursday, November 3, 2011
People
                 Organization
                 Environment
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Campfire
                             From 37signals




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Serious Room
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Danger Room
Brick & Mortar
                    From Earthen Materials




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Had to be awesome. Held out 6 months to find the perfect spot.
Open layout, creative space.
STEVEN JOHNSON




Thursday, November 3, 2011


This is Steven Johnson.
He has a book called “Where do Good Ideas come From?”
Good Ideas
                             Liquid Networks
                                Serendipity



Thursday, November 3, 2011


Liquid = lots of nodes floating around
Serendipity = nodes hitting each other
Thursday, November 3, 2011


MIT Building 20, built in 1943 as a temporary building for the
Radiation Laboratory.
Dozens of occupants.
Everything from acoustics to guided missiles to model train
club was here.
Successful because of easy modification and fluidity.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Microsoft Research building 99 built in 2007.
Designed with flexibility in mind.
Reconfigurable walls, glass walled naturally lit conference
rooms, and a huge atrium.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Collaborative spaces built in.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Open, casual meeting areas featured prominently.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Flexible work space
Thursday, November 3, 2011


This is our bar. We like to collect fine whiskies and gins to
share with visitors and after hours.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


And this is the kegerator I built.
But it’s not really about the beer.
It’s about bringing people together in casual conversation
where serendipitous ideas can be made.
Thursday, November 3, 2011


Drinkups let us connect with our users.
Costs money but makes us happy and engaged.
What is the ROI of creating
         a happy workplace?




Thursday, November 3, 2011
GitHub



Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011


These are my cofounders.
We built everything by hand.
Bootstrapped
            and Profitable

Thursday, November 3, 2011


No VC money means no outside interference.
In nite Runway




Thursday, November 3, 2011
GitHub Employee Count




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011

1. We have lots of users.
2. We have lots of repos.
3. We have lots of famous projects.
People
                 Organization
                 Environment
Thursday, November 3, 2011

When it comes to your people, your organization, and your environment...
What is the ROI of
                               happiness?




Thursday, November 3, 2011

What is the ROI on happiness?
Thank You
                               @mojombo




Thursday, November 3, 2011
Questions?


Thursday, November 3, 2011

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Tom Preston Werner - Optimize for happiness

  • 1. Optimizing for Happiness Tom Preston-Werner Thursday, November 3, 2011 Joke about oxford pubs
  • 2. Optimizing for Happiness Tom Preston-Werner Thursday, November 3, 2011 Joke about oxford pubs
  • 3. Thursday, November 3, 2011 I cofounded GitHub Erlang/OTP, Scala, Clojure, Node.js,
  • 4. Business is Broken Thursday, November 3, 2011 Business is broken.
  • 5. ROBERT PROPST Thursday, November 3, 2011 Let me give you an example. This is Robert Propst, he invented the cubicle in 1968.
  • 6. Thursday, November 3, 2011 I used to spend my days in a place that looked like this. He must have been some kind of monster, to do that; to design a system that most efficiently crammed humans into offices.
  • 7. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Quite the contrary, he worked at Herman Miller. Back then it the Open Bullpen office was popular. This is the Action Office.
  • 8. Thursday, November 3, 2011 So what happened to turn Propst’s ideas into this? Three things: * Economic way to pack people into offices * Depreciation laws * Optimizing for money
  • 9. “Lots of businesses are run by crass people who create hellholes. They make little bitty cubicles and stuff people in them. Barren, rat-hole places.” – Robert Propst Thursday, November 3, 2011 In fact, in his later years, Propst himself denounced what he had inadvertently created.
  • 10. Thursday, November 3, 2011 And now we know why Robert looks the way he does.
  • 11. What can we do about it? Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 12. Motivations Cost Happiness Quality Control Speed Agility Efficiency Impact Thursday, November 3, 2011 Here are a few things that motivate decisions.
  • 13. Motivations Cost Happiness Quality Revenge Speed Agility Efficiency Growth Thursday, November 3, 2011 Of these, cost and happiness are the most interesting to me. Often at odds, but why?
  • 14. Investing in Humans Thursday, November 3, 2011 Investing in business decisions is generally well understood. But when it comes to humans, a lot of traditional knowledge is wrong.
  • 15. HARRY HARLOW Thursday, November 3, 2011 This is Harry Harlow. He’s was a professor at the University of Wisconsin. 1949 did primate research with puzzles. Uncovered intrinsic motivation.
  • 16. EDWARD DECI Thursday, November 3, 2011 This is Edward Deci. He’s a professor at the University of Rochester. 1969 Picked up Harlow’s research.
  • 17. Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivators Thursday, November 3, 2011 He’s done a lot of research on extrinsic vs intrinsic motivators. Soma puzzles. Extrinsic means rewards for work you do. Intrinsic means being rewarded by the work itself.
  • 18. Optimize for Happiness Thursday, November 3, 2011 Ever since we started GitHub, we’ve tried to optimize for happiness. Simply because a company with that philosophy is one I’ve always wanted to work for. It turns out that by doing that, you can optimize for success at the same time.
  • 19. People Organization Environment Thursday, November 3, 2011 I’ve identified three main areas where optimizing for happiness is effective.
  • 20. People Organization Environment Thursday, November 3, 2011 Companies are made up of people. People are the most important part of a company. How do you optimize the hiring process for happiness?
  • 21. Thursday, November 3, 2011 I like to think of a company as a bit like a restaurant.
  • 22. Hire the Best Thursday, November 3, 2011 Hire the best people you can find. There’s nobody unhappier than someone you just had to fire. It is our responsibility to hire the best.
  • 23. Seek and Offer The 1% Fallacy Thursday, November 3, 2011 Use your network of existing employees and friends. An offer is a powerful thing. “Seek and offer” is better than job post blast because it avoids the 1% fallacy.
  • 24. Tech Review via Open Source Free as in AWESOME! Thursday, November 3, 2011 Technical interviews are mostly useless.
  • 25. Riddle Me Not How many barbers are there in the UK? Thursday, November 3, 2011 Please please please stop with the riddles. In no circumstance is that relevant to the job.
  • 26. Cultural Fit http://www.toothpastefordinner.com Thursday, November 3, 2011 You can’t judge cultural fit from code. We do our interviews at a bar or cafe.
  • 27. Keep them Happy Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 28. DAN PINK Thursday, November 3, 2011 This is Dan Pink. He has a great book called “Drive: The Surprising Truth about what Motivates Us.”
  • 29. Mastery Conferences & Travel Kindle + Free Books Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 30. Health Care Unmetered Sick Days Thursday, November 3, 2011 Definitely optimized for cost by most companies.
  • 31. Vacations Also unmetered Thursday, November 3, 2011 Responsibility and trust.
  • 32. Side Projects Thursday, November 3, 2011 In a cost optimized situation, side projects would be prohibited. Side projects allow us a distraction from everyday mission critical work. A collaborative canvas to experiment with others.
  • 33. Thursday, November 3, 2011 My favorite GitHub side project is Hubot He’s our Campfire chat bot written in Node.js. He can do a lot of things.
  • 43. What is the ROI of making my employees happy? Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 44. People Organization Environment Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 45. Flat Lattice Organization Thursday, November 3, 2011 Made famous by Gore Corp. - Flat - Team based - Personal initiative - No org charts - No chains of command
  • 46. Well De ned Goals Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 47. Well De ned Goals Cheerio! Thursday, November 3, 2011 Help developers work better together. - Main Site - Enterprise Site - Training - Jobs - Conferences
  • 49. Small Teams Thursday, November 3, 2011 Self organizing. Teams assemble around features based on desire to work on them.
  • 50. Self Managed Autonomy! Thursday, November 3, 2011 One of the tenets of Dan Pink’s keys to worker motivation is autonomy. That means being in charge of your destiny. Enhances intrinsic motivation.
  • 51. Leadership by Merit and Ability Thursday, November 3, 2011 Self managed doesn’t me unmanaged. Leaders arise naturally. Company of the compelling argument.
  • 52. No Titles Thursday, November 3, 2011 Titles are harmful. Reduce flexibility and interest in varied endeavors.
  • 53. No Meetings Thursday, November 3, 2011 When was the last time a meeting made you happy? Meetings are optimized for CYA.
  • 54. Culture of Shipping Thursday, November 3, 2011 Shipping makes people smile. Getting your work in front of an audience is empowering.
  • 55. Purpose! Thursday, November 3, 2011 At GitHub, we encourage shipping product as soon as reasonable.
  • 56. No Work Hours ROWE Thursday, November 3, 2011 Rigid working hours are optimized for control. Cali Ressler and Jodi Thompson, HR at Best Buy. Gap in 2008. Turnover dropped by 50%, engagement up 13%. Predicated on trust.
  • 58. What is the ROI of working together happily? Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 59. People Organization Environment Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 60. Campfire From 37signals Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 61. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Serious Room
  • 62. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Danger Room
  • 63. Brick & Mortar From Earthen Materials Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 64. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Had to be awesome. Held out 6 months to find the perfect spot. Open layout, creative space.
  • 65. STEVEN JOHNSON Thursday, November 3, 2011 This is Steven Johnson. He has a book called “Where do Good Ideas come From?”
  • 66. Good Ideas Liquid Networks Serendipity Thursday, November 3, 2011 Liquid = lots of nodes floating around Serendipity = nodes hitting each other
  • 67. Thursday, November 3, 2011 MIT Building 20, built in 1943 as a temporary building for the Radiation Laboratory. Dozens of occupants. Everything from acoustics to guided missiles to model train club was here. Successful because of easy modification and fluidity.
  • 68. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Microsoft Research building 99 built in 2007. Designed with flexibility in mind. Reconfigurable walls, glass walled naturally lit conference rooms, and a huge atrium.
  • 69. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Collaborative spaces built in.
  • 70. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Open, casual meeting areas featured prominently.
  • 72. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Flexible work space
  • 73. Thursday, November 3, 2011 This is our bar. We like to collect fine whiskies and gins to share with visitors and after hours.
  • 74. Thursday, November 3, 2011 And this is the kegerator I built. But it’s not really about the beer. It’s about bringing people together in casual conversation where serendipitous ideas can be made.
  • 75. Thursday, November 3, 2011 Drinkups let us connect with our users. Costs money but makes us happy and engaged.
  • 76. What is the ROI of creating a happy workplace? Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 78. Thursday, November 3, 2011 These are my cofounders. We built everything by hand.
  • 79. Bootstrapped and Profitable Thursday, November 3, 2011 No VC money means no outside interference.
  • 80. In nite Runway Thursday, November 3, 2011
  • 82. Thursday, November 3, 2011 1. We have lots of users. 2. We have lots of repos. 3. We have lots of famous projects.
  • 83. People Organization Environment Thursday, November 3, 2011 When it comes to your people, your organization, and your environment...
  • 84. What is the ROI of happiness? Thursday, November 3, 2011 What is the ROI on happiness?
  • 85. Thank You @mojombo Thursday, November 3, 2011