1. NGEE ANN SECONARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY 1 EXPRESS GEOGRAPHY 2010
WORKSHEET – ANSWER SCHEME
Dunman Secondary EOY 2009
a(i) Study Fig 9. Name the features (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). [2]
(i) pipe
(ii) vent
(iii) lava
(iv) crater
(ii) Explain how a volcano is formed. [4]
•The built-up pressure forces magma up the Earth’s crust to the surface
•Ash and lava are released through the crater into the air
•After a number of eruptions
•Layers of hardened lava make up the cone of the volcano
[1m each]
d) Despite the dangers, yet around the world, there are about 500 million people living [4]
on or near a volcano. Describe four ways volcanoes provide benefits for people.
•Fertile soil contains many minerals and help crops to grow
•If they move elsewhere, they may not find soil as fertile
•Spectacular scenery helps provide jobs for people who act as tour guide
•Locals earn money from providing services as trekking trip up volcanoes
[1m each]
3 a) Mountains and valleys are some major landforms on continents. Discuss how the above two
landforms affect people’s activities. (4m)
Mountains:
•Hills and mountains are areas of highland. They are rocky and usually have thin layers of soil. They
may also have steep slopes.
•These conditions make it difficult for people to live there as it is difficult to build roads, to grow crops
and to build houses. As a result, settlements are usually found at the foothills.
(any 2 points @ 1m each = 2m)
Valleys:
•A valley is a low area between hills and mountains. Valley shape and depth vary from being wide
open to being narrow and steep.
•If the valley is wide and flat, this forms good farming land and attract people to settle here. Transport
network such as roads and railways can be developed here.
(any 2 points @ 1m each = 2m)
b) Draw a labelled diagram of the cross section of a volcano. (2m)

2. •The diagram should be labeled with the following:
•Cone, crater, pipe, vent (4 x ½ mark=2 m)
c) Volcanoes can be classified in different ways. Describe briefly the different classifications.
(3m)
•Volcanoes are usually classified as active, dormant or extinct.
•A volcano is classified as active if it has had recent eruptions and is predicted to have more eruptions
in the future.
•If a volcano has not erupted for a long time, it can be considered as dormant.
•If there is no record of eruption, a volcano is regarded as extinct.
(for each type of volcanoes with explanation – 1m each ; Accept other types of
classification too such as shield volcano, cone volcano, composite volcano etc.
with explanation. Total =3m)
Q20
•With the help of Figure 3, define the term ‘crustal plates’ and state at least 3 named
examples. [3m]
•The earth’s crust is the outermost layer of earth and is broken at a few places all over the
world.
•These broken pieces are called crustal plates.
•Some examples of crustal plates are Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Antarctic Plate.
•With reference to Figure 3, identify the group of landforms labeled R and describe
how they are formed. [5m]
R = Pacific Ring of Fire is a group of active volcanoes found along the Pacific plate boundary.
When temperatures beneath the Earth’s surface is great, the mantle melts to form magma.
[1m]
Magma from below rushes up to the surface through a crack in the Earth’s crust. [1m]
When magma erupts onto the surface, it is called lava. [1m]
After many years of eruptions, the layers of hardened lava will form a cone-shaped mountain
called volcano. [1m]
•What is a plateau and explain how they are formed. [3m]
•Plateau is a flat top mountain. [1m]
•Plateau is formed when a large quantity of magma escapes from a fault in the Earth’s crust
and spreads over a wide area. [1m]
•Layers of hardened lava form a plateau. [1m]