Buffum, Mattos, Weber

LEARNING CPR Grade 4: Darla, David, Toni, Debbie

An Appropriate Response to Learning Emergencies Traditional Responses to Learning Emergencies

An Appropriate Response to Learning Emergencies

Traditional Responses to Learning Emergencies

A student is in distress! What do we do?

Urgent Directive Timely Targeted Administered by trained professionals Systematic

Urgent

Directive

Timely

Targeted

Administered by trained professionals

Systematic

An effective intervention program starts with a sense of pressing need

An effective intervention program starts with a sense of pressing need

By making an intervention voluntary, a school in effect tells students that success – and failure – are optional.

By making an intervention voluntary, a school in effect tells students that success – and failure – are optional.

A Formula for Learning Targeted + Time = Learning An Intervention program is only effective when the school responds promptly if students do not learn and provides them additional time to master the skills and content.

A Formula for Learning

Targeted + Time = Learning

Formula for Learning: Traditional School Targeted Instruction + Time = Learning Constant Constant Variable Formula for Learning: PRTI School Targeted Instruction + Time = Learning Variable Variable Constant

Formula for Learning: Traditional School

In educational interventions, as in medical ones, professionals’ responses need to be targeted to each individual’s specific situation.

In educational interventions, as in medical ones, professionals’ responses need to be targeted to each individual’s specific situation.

… most highly effective strategy is to have highly trained teachers work with the students most at risk… Douglas Reeves 2007

… most highly effective strategy is to have highly trained teachers work with the students most at risk…

Douglas Reeves 2007

If the same asthma emergency occurred at schools in Maine, Missouri, or Montana, their way of handling the crisis almost certainly would be similar.

If the same asthma emergency occurred at schools in Maine, Missouri, or Montana, their way of handling the crisis almost certainly would be similar.

Individual Teacher response Remedial classes Summer School Retention Alternative and special education Doing nothing

Individual Teacher response

Remedial classes

Summer School

Retention

Alternative and special education

Doing nothing

In most schools, the first and often only intervention is to leave it up to individual teachers to respond to the needs of their struggling students.

In most schools, the first and often only intervention is to leave it up to individual teachers to respond to the needs of their struggling students.

When a teacher’s response proves ineffective schools frequently respond by placing students in remedial classes.

When a teacher’s response proves ineffective schools frequently respond by placing students in remedial classes.

There is little evidence that summer school improves student learning.

There is little evidence that summer school improves student learning.

… research shows that retention increases significantly the chances of students dropping out of school… Moller and Stearns 2008

… research shows that retention increases significantly the chances of students dropping out of school…

Moller and Stearns 2008

When a student fails to benefit from traditional interventions, many schools conclude that he or she either is learning disabled…

When a student fails to benefit from traditional interventions, many schools conclude that he or she either is learning disabled…

Tragically, one of the most common school responses to students who are struggling is really a nonintervention: do nothing!

Tragically, one of the most common school responses to students who are struggling is really a nonintervention: do nothing!