How do you script “Presence” in Second Life? By Sabine Reljic/ Willow Shenlin (SL) San Diego State University-University of San Diego, CA December 16, 2008. 14:00 SLT. Virtual Worlds Researchers Discussion Group Monash University 50/132/72

Definitions Mediated Social Presence: property of people, not technology moment-to-moment phenomenal state facilitated by a technological representation of another being varies over the course of a mediated interaction from a low level awareness that another being is co-present to more intense sense of the accessibility of psychological modeling of the other’s intentional states (Biocca & Harms, 2004, p.11)

Mediated Social Presence:

property of people, not technology

moment-to-moment phenomenal state

facilitated by a technological representation of another being

varies over the course of a mediated interaction

from a low level awareness that another being is co-present to more intense sense of the accessibility of psychological modeling of the other’s intentional states

(Biocca & Harms, 2004, p.11)

Definitions Co-presence: deals with the detection and awareness of the co-presence of other’s mediated body. (Biocca & Harms, 2004, p.13) Sensory awareness of the embodied other (physicality) + mutual awareness (attention to the sensory properties of the other) + attentional awareness (observer’s awareness and responsiveness to other’s activity, social and reciprocal)

Co-presence:

deals with the detection and awareness of the co-presence of other’s mediated body. (Biocca & Harms, 2004, p.13)

Sensory awareness of the embodied other (physicality)

+ mutual awareness (attention to the sensory properties of the other)

+ attentional awareness (observer’s awareness and responsiveness to other’s activity, social and reciprocal)

Definitions Immediacy Measure of the number, combination, and intensity of immediacy behaviors in relevant and appropriate learning event contexts according to modern American presentation conventions. Frequency + Intensity + Appropriate use of behaviors

Immediacy

Measure of the number, combination, and intensity of immediacy behaviors in relevant and appropriate learning event contexts according to modern American presentation conventions.

Frequency + Intensity + Appropriate use of behaviors

Communication Dynamics

Immediacy Behaviors Paralanguage -voice quality -emotion & speaking style -prosodic features NonVerbal -proxemic behavior, body language/posture -facial expression & eye contact -gestures Text -tone, style -spatial arrangement of words -use of emoticons -use of symbols and infographics Avatar -clothing, hairstyles -physique

Paralanguage

-voice quality

-emotion & speaking style

-prosodic features

NonVerbal

-proxemic behavior, body language/posture

-facial expression & eye contact

-gestures

Text

-tone, style

-spatial arrangement of words

-use of emoticons

-use of symbols and infographics

Avatar

-clothing, hairstyles

-physique

Verbal Behaviors (Gorham, 1988) Uses personal examples or talks about experiences s/he has had outside of class. Asks questions or encourages students to talk. Gets into discussions based on something a student brings up even when this does not seem to be part of his/her lecture plan. Uses humor in class. Addresses students by name and is addressed by his/her name by the students Gets into conversations with individual students before, after or outside of class. Refers to class as ‘out’ class or what ‘we’ are doing. Provides feedback on individual student work through comments on papers, oral discussions, etc. Asks questions that solicit viewpoints or opinions. Only calls on students to answer questions if they have indicated that they want to talk. Invites students to telephone or meet with him/her outside of class if they have questions or want to discuss something. Praises students’ work, actions, or comments. Will have discussions about things unrelated to class with individual students or with the class as a whole.

Uses personal examples or talks about experiences s/he has had outside of class.

Asks questions or encourages students to talk.

Gets into discussions based on something a student brings up even when this does not seem to be part of his/her lecture plan.

Uses humor in class.

Addresses students by name and is addressed by his/her name by the students

Gets into conversations with individual students before, after or outside of class.

Refers to class as ‘out’ class or what ‘we’ are doing.

Provides feedback on individual student work through comments on papers, oral discussions, etc.

Asks questions that solicit viewpoints or opinions. Only calls on students to answer questions if they have indicated that they want to talk.

Invites students to telephone or meet with him/her outside of class if they have questions or want to discuss something.

Praises students’ work, actions, or comments.

Will have discussions about things unrelated to class with individual students or with the class as a whole.

RL-SL PROXEMIC -body orientation -arrow keys -arm position -hand-on hip, crossed hanging, pointing… -direction of lean -standing, waiting -body openness -control of afk, arm & body pos., Note: most proxemics can be automated with animation overriders.

PROXEMIC

-body orientation -arrow keys

-arm position -hand-on hip, crossed hanging, pointing…

-direction of lean -standing, waiting

-body openness -control of afk,

arm & body pos.,

Note: most proxemics can be automated with

animation overriders.

RL-SL Facial Expressions -eye contact -orientation of avatar -emotions -gesture folders, emo- HUDs, shortcut keys, -head movement -automated, speech gestures, a/o, gesture folder -lip movement -lip synch, animation/ gesture folders

Facial Expressions

-eye contact -orientation of avatar

-emotions -gesture folders, emo- HUDs, shortcut keys,

-head movement -automated, speech gestures, a/o, gesture folder

-lip movement -lip synch, animation/

gesture folders

RL-SL Gestures -emblems -gesture folders, shortcut keys (e.g., wave) -illustrators -animation folder (e.g., counting) -affect display -gesture folder, emo-HUDs -regulators -n/a (typing? Teleporting? Arrow keys) -adaptor -automated (a/o) or n/a

Gestures

-emblems -gesture folders, shortcut keys (e.g., wave)

-illustrators -animation folder (e.g., counting)

-affect display -gesture folder, emo-HUDs

-regulators -n/a (typing? Teleporting? Arrow keys)

-adaptor -automated (a/o) or n/a

Let’s talk Questions? Does it really matter? Do I need a checklist each time? Is exact representation important? Do the student/trainees care?... Discussion? Teaching/training as a scripted performance, Effects of immediacy on social presence in 3D, simulation or representation, … Demo? Want to know how to use a a/o, create a short gesture scenario, create a shortcut key…

Questions? Does it really matter? Do I need a checklist each time? Is exact representation important? Do the student/trainees care?...

Discussion? Teaching/training as a scripted performance, Effects of immediacy on social presence in 3D, simulation or representation, …

Demo? Want to know how to use a a/o, create a short gesture scenario, create a shortcut key…