Ch4 emotions & moods

CH4 Emotions & Moods
Editor:黃士玶

Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB?
The “myth of rationality”
Emotions of any kind are disruptive to organizations.
Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.

What Are Emotions and Moods?
AffectA broad range of emotions that people experience
EmotionsIntense feelings that are directed at someone or something
MoodsFeelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

Aspects of Emotions
Biology of Emotions
Originate in brain’s limbic system
Intensity of Emotions
Personality and Job requirements
Frequency and Duration of Emotions
How often emotions are exhibited
How long emotions are displayed
Functions of Emotions
Critical for rational thinking
Motivate people

Sources of Emotions and Moods
Personality
Day and Time of the Week
Weather
Illusory correlation
Stress
Social Activities
Sleep
Exercise
Age
Gender

Positive Moods are Highest
At the End of the Week
In the Middle Part of the Day (lunch)
Negative Moods are Highest
At the Beginning of the Week
And show little variation throughout the day

Gender and Emotions
Women
Can show greater emotional expression
Experience emotions more intensely
Display emotions more frequently
Are more comfortable in expressing emotions
Are better at reading others’ emotions
Men
Showing emotions is inconsistent with the male image
Are less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions
Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions

External Constraints on Emotions
OrganizationalInfluences
CulturalInfluences
IndividualEmotions

Emotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Emotional dissonance—Inconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we project.

Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions
An individual’s actual emotions
Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job
Surface acting
Deep acting

Affective Events Theory (AET)
Work events trigger positive and negative emotional reactions
Personality and mood determine the intensity of the emotional response.
Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.
Implications of the theory ACT
Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles.
Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance.
Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance.

Affective Events Theory (AET)

Emotional Intelligence
Self-awareness = Know how you feel
Self-management = Manage your emotions and impulses
Self-motivation = Can motivate yourself and persist
Empathy = Sense and understand what others feel
Social Skills = Can handle the emotions of others

OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Selection
Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
Decision Making
Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.
Creativity
Positive mood increases creativity.
Motivation
Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.

Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.
Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.
Negotiation
Emotions can impair negotiations.
Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.

Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home
Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).
How managers Can Influence Moods?
Use humor and give their employees small token of appreciation for work well done.
Be in good mood
Select positive team members

Summary and Implication for Manager
Emotions and moods can affect job performance.
You can’t control the employees’ emotions and moods.
But managers who understand the role of emotions and moods will significantly improve their ability to explain and predict their coworkers’ behavior .

Ch4 emotions & moods

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