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The Socialization of Children
Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-1
SOCIALIZATION

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-2
FOUR SOCIALIZING AGENTS
•
•
•
•

Family
School
Peer group
Media

Family
School

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-3

Peer
Group

Media
THE FAMILY
All families belong to “subcultures” and
networks that reflect:
• Social class

• Ethnic group

• Kinship

All of these influence the way children
are socialized.

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-4
THE FAMILY (CONT.)
• Families organize
around…
• Occupation or
interests
• “Meaning” circles:
religion, spiritual
social justice
• Focus: school / work /
survival
• Status

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-5
THE FAMILY (CONT.)
Bias is everywhere, it hurts everyone, even those
who perpetuate it. The first step is to become
aware of privilege as an aspect of bias
• Privilege: invisible / unearned assets
• Classism: may be hard to see
• Racism: individual / institutionalized
Do you see yourself as privileged because of
your race and/or ethnicity?

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-6
SCHOOLS AS SOCIALIZING
AGENTS
• Continuity from preschool to
kindergarten (or lack thereof)
• Classroom behavioral expectations
• Capacity to respond
to diversity
• Inequity in schools

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-7
PREPARATION FOR SCHOOL
• Children enter school with a wide range of skills,
background knowledge and life experiences
• Schools aim to socialize
children
• Goals for children
different according to
how they are “identified” or “tracked”

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-8
CHILDREN WHO ARE READY…
• Feel good about
themselves
• Gain knowledge
from their mistakes
• Can communicate
• Can weigh
alternatives and
make sound choices
• Can concentrate and
focus

• What other qualities
can you add?
Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-9
PEER GROUP AS SOCIALIZING
AGENT

• Pairs

threesomes

small groups

• Choices are affected by gender and
proximity
• “Group mind” – behavior contagion
• Informal learning from peers
• Imagination increases with pretend play

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-10
MEDIA AS A SOCIALIZING AGENT
•
•
•
•
•
•

Advertising
Print media
Radio
Computers / video games
Movies
Television

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-11
TELEVISION
AND YOUNG
CHILDREN
• Do not expose infants to
television
• Examine your own
television habits
• Reduce risk of addiction
by avoiding exposure
altogether
• Watch with children
• Do not let TV viewing
take place of active play
COMMERCIAL
ADVERTISING
• Developmental researchers
agree that exposure to media
influences children.
• Commercial interests often
disagree with this research.
• In 1999, $12 billion was spent
on advertising aimed at
children.
Do you see a disconnect?

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-13
VIOLENCE FACTS
• Average child has seen
8,000 murders and
100,000 acts of violence
during childhood
• Eight of ten programs
contain violence
• Prime-time programs
average five violent act
an hour
• Saturday morning
cartoons average 20 acts
per hour

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-14
EFFECTS OF VIOLENT PROGRAMS

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-15
LONG TERM LEGACY

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-16
RESOURCES ABOUT MEDIA
• Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood
(CCFC)
• Effects of TV on Children
• American Psychologist Association Website
about Violence and Media
• TV and Children

Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e.
© 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2-17

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Societal influences on children and families

  • 1. The Socialization of Children Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-1
  • 2. SOCIALIZATION Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-2
  • 3. FOUR SOCIALIZING AGENTS • • • • Family School Peer group Media Family School Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-3 Peer Group Media
  • 4. THE FAMILY All families belong to “subcultures” and networks that reflect: • Social class • Ethnic group • Kinship All of these influence the way children are socialized. Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-4
  • 5. THE FAMILY (CONT.) • Families organize around… • Occupation or interests • “Meaning” circles: religion, spiritual social justice • Focus: school / work / survival • Status Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-5
  • 6. THE FAMILY (CONT.) Bias is everywhere, it hurts everyone, even those who perpetuate it. The first step is to become aware of privilege as an aspect of bias • Privilege: invisible / unearned assets • Classism: may be hard to see • Racism: individual / institutionalized Do you see yourself as privileged because of your race and/or ethnicity? Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-6
  • 7. SCHOOLS AS SOCIALIZING AGENTS • Continuity from preschool to kindergarten (or lack thereof) • Classroom behavioral expectations • Capacity to respond to diversity • Inequity in schools Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-7
  • 8. PREPARATION FOR SCHOOL • Children enter school with a wide range of skills, background knowledge and life experiences • Schools aim to socialize children • Goals for children different according to how they are “identified” or “tracked” Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-8
  • 9. CHILDREN WHO ARE READY… • Feel good about themselves • Gain knowledge from their mistakes • Can communicate • Can weigh alternatives and make sound choices • Can concentrate and focus • What other qualities can you add? Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-9
  • 10. PEER GROUP AS SOCIALIZING AGENT • Pairs threesomes small groups • Choices are affected by gender and proximity • “Group mind” – behavior contagion • Informal learning from peers • Imagination increases with pretend play Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-10
  • 11. MEDIA AS A SOCIALIZING AGENT • • • • • • Advertising Print media Radio Computers / video games Movies Television Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-11
  • 12. TELEVISION AND YOUNG CHILDREN • Do not expose infants to television • Examine your own television habits • Reduce risk of addiction by avoiding exposure altogether • Watch with children • Do not let TV viewing take place of active play
  • 13. COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING • Developmental researchers agree that exposure to media influences children. • Commercial interests often disagree with this research. • In 1999, $12 billion was spent on advertising aimed at children. Do you see a disconnect? Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-13
  • 14. VIOLENCE FACTS • Average child has seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence during childhood • Eight of ten programs contain violence • Prime-time programs average five violent act an hour • Saturday morning cartoons average 20 acts per hour Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-14
  • 15. EFFECTS OF VIOLENT PROGRAMS Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-15
  • 16. LONG TERM LEGACY Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-16
  • 17. RESOURCES ABOUT MEDIA • Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC) • Effects of TV on Children • American Psychologist Association Website about Violence and Media • TV and Children Gonzalez-Mena, Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 6e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2-17