International Solar Energy
Arena – STEAM
Renewable Energy: A Major Opportunity
Solar Energy in Turkey
Ulrich Zachau
The World Bank
January 23, 2009

Energy Growth in Turkey
Turkey's Primary Energy Growth 1990-2008
120
100
80
mtoe
Fossil
60
Fuels –
40
91%
20
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007(F) 2008 (F)
Oil Gas Coal & Lignite Renewable

High Fossil Fuel Use Drives
Turkey’s GHG Emissions …
Energy
77%
LUCF – Land Use Change and Forestry

...and High GHG Emissions Growth
Changes in GHG Emissions without LULUCF (% ) - 1990-2006
Turkey
Portugal
European Community
UK
Poland
Romania
-60 -35 -10 15 40 65 90
LULUCF – Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
... and High Energy Import Dependency

Opportunity: Turkey Can Scale Up
Renewable Energy Dramatically

Solar Power:
Huge Global Potential, Largely Uncharted
Total Solar energy potential:
120,000 TW
Global energy demand: 15
TW
Total Current Solar Energy
Capacity: 0.009 TW

Solar Power: Both PV and CSP
Applications Have Potential
Conventional PV Solar for Solar PV – Serpa, Portugal
Residential Water Heating
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Solar Power Tower – Seville, Spain Parabolic Troughs – Nevada USA

Global Solar Energy Use:
Small, but Growing Rapidly…

Turkey: High Solar Energy Potential …
Most favorable areas for
CSP

… though Costs are Still High
Capital cost of various technologies - 2005 (US$/
kW)
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Solar PV CSP Hydro Wind Coal Combined
Cycle Gas
Commercial viability requires still high tariffs (US cents
30-40/ kWh) – which will fall as technology advances

Enabling Environment for Private
Solar Power Investment in Turkey
• Basic Framework in Place:
– Renewable Energy Law – feed-in tariff system,
assured purchase arrangements
– Regulatory framework
• Some Possible Next Steps:
– Higher feed-in tariffs
– Concessional finance
– Clear and transparent framework for licensing,
evaluation methodology etc.

Teşekkür Ederim!