23. Fig. 26-10 A A A B B B C C C D D D E E E F F F G G G Group III Group II Group I (a) Monophyletic group (clade) (b) Paraphyletic group (c) Polyphyletic group
30. Fig. 26-13 Drosophila Lancelet Zebrafish Frog Human Chicken Mouse CENOZOIC Present 65.5 MESOZOIC 251 Millions of years ago PALEOZOIC 542
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33. Fig. 26-14 Human 15% Tree 1: More likely Tree 2: Less likely (b) Comparison of possible trees 15% 15% 5% 5% 10% 25% 20% 40% 40% 30% 0 0 0 (a) Percentage differences between sequences Human Mushroom Mushroom Tulip Tulip
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38. Fig. 26-19 Divergence time (millions of years) Number of mutations 120 90 90 60 60 30 30 0 0
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43. Fig. 26-21 Fungi EUKARYA Trypanosomes Green algae Land plants Red algae Forams Ciliates Dinoflagellates Diatoms Animals Amoebas Cellular slime molds Leishmania Euglena Green nonsulfur bacteria Thermophiles Halophiles Methanobacterium Sulfolobus ARCHAEA COMMON ANCESTOR OF ALL LIFE BACTERIA (Plastids, including chloroplasts) Green sulfur bacteria (Mitochondrion) Cyanobacteria Chlamydia Spirochetes