2. Difference Between North and South North Industries Large population Transportation-supplies Opposed slavery Ability to raise $$ (taxes) South Raw materials Knowledge of territory Leadership--generals Slave labor Cause—way of life
3. Missouri Compromise Missouri requested admission to Union 11 Slave, 11 Free States Upset balance in Senate Missouri Compromise -- Maine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave state Rest of Louisiana Territory split 36 30’ north latitude (southern border of Missouri) North of line—free South of line–slavery legal
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5. Nullification Crisis Tariffs on Imports 1824 & 1828 Hurt Southern economy Loss of inexpensive British imports Forced to buy expensive Northern goods Felt North getting rich off South John Calhoun developed nullification theory Constitution established by sovereign states States still sovereign Have right to determine Congressional acts unconstitutional South Carolina declares tariffs null and void within state Couldn’t get support from other Southern states South Carolina did get tariffs lowered Proved a single state could force its will on Congress
6. Statehood for California Gold Rush caused California population to grow Applied for statehood as free state Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free No slavery restrictions on rest of Mexican cession Slave trade abolished D.C., not slavery New fugitive slave law passed Threats of southern secession became more frequent
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8. Fugitive Slave Act Allowed owners to hunt down runaways Accused runaways sent back to South Hurt Southern cause Newspaper accounts changed attitudes Previously indifferent Northerners now hostile Northerners actions increased Led to Underground Railroad
11. Kansas-Nebraska Act Settling the Great Plains Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted to settle Nebraska Territory allowing slavery issue based on popular sovereignty Problem: Kansas and Nebraska territory lay north of Missouri Compromise line Solution: divide territory Nebraska in north next to free state Illinois Kansas in south just west of slave state Missouri Significance of Act – repealed Missouri Compromise
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13. Dred Scott v. Sanford Dred Scott slave living in Missouri taken by owner to free states to live for a while returned to Missouri 1854 sued in federal court for believed since had lived in free territory, should be free federal court ruled against him Appealed to Supreme Court ruled against him since not a citizen, did not have right to use court system living in free state does not make him free
15. Harpers Ferry Abolitionist John Brown planned insurrection Help slaves break free from masters Needed weapons to give to slaves Oct. 16, 1859 led a band of men into Harpers Ferry, Virginia goal to seize the federal arsenal and start a slave uprising Federal troops put down rebellion authorities tried Brown and sentenced to death by hanging
16. Harpers Ferry cont’d Effects: Strengthened abolitionists feeling in North Boosted abolitionist movement Turning point for South Viewed as proof Northerners were plotting to murder slave holders Caused South to plan for war
17. Lincoln Elected President 1860 Presidential election Abraham Lincoln, Republican candidate pledge to halt the further spread of slavery reassured the Southerners that he would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves” Viewed as enemy by many Southerners Lincoln’s victory leads to Southern secession less than half the popular votes no electoral votes from the South saw his victory as a loss of political voice in national gov’t
18. Secession South Carolina seceded Dec. 20, 1860 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas Formed the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis elected President Fort Sumter, South Carolina Confederacy demanded Union troops leave fort Confederates attacked fort April 1861 forced Union to surrender marks beginning of Civil War
19. Significant Battles First Battle of Bull Run Significance Made it clear North needed large, well-trained army to defeat the South
20. Significant Battles Antietam Significance Bloodiest 1-day battle in American History; convinced Lincoln time had come to end slavery
22. Significant Battles Gettysburg Significance Turning point in East; Union victory ensured Britain not recognize Confederacy as nation
23. Emancipation Proclamation Sept 1862 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Freed all enslaved persons in states still at war with the Union after Jan 1, 1863 Only applied to those states within Confederacy Border states could still have slaves Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states that remained in the Union Proclamation gave war moral purpose Moving away from secession issues to a war to free slaves
24. The War Ends April 9, 1865 Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse
25. Civil War Amendments(Civil Rights Amendments) Thirteenth Amendment - abolished slavery Fourteenth Amendment – granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” Fifteenth Amendment – granted suffrage (voting rights) to African American males
26. Reconstruction Rebuilding of the South Physically, economically, politically Military districts were created to help bring order to South Southern states had to write new constitution and ratify 14th Amendment before allowed back in Union South could never return to pre-Civil War status
27. Cause and Effects of Civil War Conflicts over slavery issues Economic differences between North and South Election of Lincoln Secession of Southern states Attack on Ft. Sumter Abolishment of slavery Reconstruction of the South Nation reunited Civil Rights laws passed
