Flexing your Agile Muscle - Agile Technical Concepts Explained

Agile Technical Practices Sandy Mamoli @smamol www.nomad8.com

user storiesacceptance testing unit testing TDD refactoring load testingcoding standards whole team collective code ownershippair programming continuous integration

Quality• Overview of Agile• Agile Acceptance Testing• Deployment pipeline (CI)

What is Agile?• Software development framework• Based on adaptive planning• Used since 1995 (Scrum)

Responding to change Features: 6 months As Deﬁned In Changed Form Not Wanted Anymore In Changed Form Not Wanted Anymore As DeﬁnedStandish Group, Chaos Report

How does it work?

Vertical slices - feedback & innovation© Johnathan Rasmussen, The Agile Samurai

Working, shippable software

Build important things ﬁrst

Technical excellence

Continuous improvement

Agile Quality

Cost of bugs

A more scientiﬁc way of saying this ... >150 150.0 112.5 75.0 50x 37.5 20x 5x 10x 1x 0Source: Standish Group Reqs Design Code DevT AccT Ops

Agile Testing QuadrantsAgile Acceptance TestFunctional TestStory TestUnit Tests

The dev’s view exploratory testing acceptance testing unit testing

User Stories

Story&ID:& Priority: high Photo album privacy Size:Descrip/on: 13 As&a&... photographer I&want&to&... make some photo albums private So&that&... I can have a backup of my personal photos online

Acceptance(Criteria1. I can set the privacy of photo albums2. I can see my private albums3. My private albums are not visible to others

Agile Acceptance Testing

Acceptance tests• Check that the implementation matches the intent• Focus on shared understanding by developers, testers and business people• End to end

Scenarios • Create a new private album • Make a public album private • Make a private album public<vertical slices through the acceptance criteria>

ExamplesGiven I create an album named “My holiday”When I choose to make it privateThen I can see the album “My holiday”But Kai cannot see the album

ExamplesGiven ... <something we accept to be true>When ...<indicates the event in a scenario>Then ...<indicates the expected outcome>

Cucumber• Features• Scenarios• Steps• Cucumber command

cucumber: example

cucumber: example Features

cucumber: example Scenarios

cucumber: example Steps

cucumber: example Cucumber command

Good practices• Hide unnecessary detail• Make tests independent• Don’t test absolutely everything

Declarative vs. imperative style Scenario: transfer money (imperative) Given I have $100 in checking And I have $20 in savings When I go to the transfer form And I select "Checking" from "Source Account" And I select "Savings" from "Target Account" And I ﬁll in "Amount" with "15" And I press "Execute Transfer" Then I should see that I have $85 in checking And I should see that I have $35 in savings

Declarative vs. imperative style Scenario: transfer money (declarative) Given I have $100 in checking And I have $20 in savings When I transfer $15 from checking to savings Then I should have $85 in checking

Make tests independent • Maintenance • Where did it fail? • Parallelise

Don’t test absolutely everything GUI Tests Acceptance Tests Unit Tests

Why I like ATDD• Ensures the intent is well understood• Ensures the implementation matches the intent• Ensures the implementation keeps matching the intent

Living documentation

Unit testing

Unit tests• Check that the program behaves as the developer thinks it should• Tend to be focussed on the structural (internal) quality of the code• Hard for testers and business people to understand

Unit tests/TDD• FlexUnit• MXUnit

Deployment Pipeline

As often as possible to getearly and instant feedback

Deployment pipeline Deployment pipeline: Jez Humble, www.continuousdelivery.com

Agile deployment pipeline Deployment pipeline: Jez Humble, www.continuousdelivery.com

Deployment pipeline: Commit stage• Create deployable artifacts• Or fail fast and notify the team • Triggered by CI server • 5 minutes or less to run • Jenkins, TeamCity, etc

Continuous integration is a practice not a tool• Commit regularly (at least once a day)• Fix any broken build immediately• Write automated tests

Deployment pipeline: Acceptance test stage• Verify acceptance criteria have been met• Verify business value • Run in parallel • Refactor

How to get started• Create a walking skeleton with placeholders• Automate the build and deploy process• Automate unit tests and code analysis• Automate acceptance tests• Evolve the pipeline

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Flexing your Agile Muscle - Agile Technical Concepts Explained

by Sandy Mamoli on Nov 17, 2011

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