India Development Institute
Conceptual Framework and Project Outline
Core Project team
Krishen Dhar, Harsh Koppula, Sanjeev Maddila, Neerja Raman
Key Advisors
Prof. M A Pai, Professor Emeritus, UIUC and IIT Kanpur
Sam Pitroda, Chairman, National Knowledge Commission
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1. What India needs?
– How to help the 600 Million people at Base of Indian Society
– Their key needs - Basic services and Opportunities
– India need – Advisory, Research & Business Incubation help
2. How to structure India Development Institute?
– As “Think Tank”, “Research Promoter”, “Business Incubator”
– Operating Model (Core Team, Board members, funding …)
– Startup Approaches (Bootstrapping)
3. What is our approach?
– Study other Think Tanks, in US and India
– Consult other Subject Matter Experts, in US and India
– Recruit others, How can you help?
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Today India and Indians have tremendous potential
• India’s Economic growth rate is higher
than that of China, US and most other
countries.
– Y-to-Y GDP grew by 8%.
• India will have the most number of young
consumers by 2030
• India is the most attractive destination for
foreign investments, after China
“600 million low-income people in India, constitute the
base of its economic pyramid with an average income of
<$2/day ($10/day in PPP)…need to better meet their
needs, increase their productivity and incomes, and
empower their entry into the formal economy.” - “Next 4
Billion” report by World Resources Institute (2007)
“Time has come to create a second wave of institution building, and of excellence in the fields of
education, research and capability building so that we are better prepared for the 21st century.”-
Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2002)
“by 2010, India will need investment of $172B in its energy supply infrastructure” - World Bank 06)
“India has to upgrade its basic infrastructure, such as transportation and electricity … If I had one
dollar to spend today, I would invest in – energy independence and reducing greenhouse gases” - Jeff
Immelt, CEO, General Electric (2007)
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Goal: To deliver basic services to all at the Base of Society
Develop holistic/scalable solutions to serve large group of Indians at the BOS
We will begin IDI with “India’s Energy Security and Impact of Climate Change”, by improving Energy (electricity)
infrastructure all around India we would enable food, health, ICT, water, education and other services to BOS
Food Minimize
Develop Climate change will
Transport
Projections show that
Health significantly impact
developing countries,
Housing Impact on
Carrying India, risk of hunger,
especially India, can at Care water resource scarcity,
best support 80-85% of
Climate
Capacity projected sea level rise
the food, water, energy
Innovation could flood >10 millions
needs of its population,
residences.
by 2050. Energy Water
Entrepre-
Power Sanitation
neurship
Education
ICT
eLearning
eGovt. Indian culture does not
promote entrepreneurship
which is equated to too much
Train risk taking or uncontrolled
greed. Only Indian innovation
Skilled will provide solutions suitable
Currently India does not for India & developing nations
Workers
produce enough
technicians, PhDs and
researchers. Without
an effective strategy, it
risks loosing the ability
to innovate.
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India needs to set its long-term priorities right
Immediate need: Scenario in 5 years: Scenario in 20 years:
600 million Indians India’s knowledge economy Global climate change would
left behind, income could peter out resulting in force water, energy and health
gap is growing social and political unrest crisis in the most populous nation
India’s Global Opportunity
10 - 20 yrs
Provide Global leadership
Organic farming
Healthcare Energy
Alternative Energy incl. Nuclear
(Preventive, HIV/AIDS) (Conservation, Alternatives)
Green transportation
Sustainable Urbanization
5 - 10 yrs 0-5 yrs
Stimulate BOS Economy Innovate/create Solutions
Renewable energy Power/Electricity generation
ICT for rural areas eLearning
Mobile Technology eGovernance
Green buildings Clean water
Education
(Primary and University)
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India’s current Energy & Power Situation
To meet India’s current demand for power which are growing 7-8%/yr, it
Food Minimize
Develop Transport
Health
Housing
Carrying Impact on
Care
Capacity Climate
Innovation
needs to double power generation by 2030. At the same time improving its
Energy Water
Entrepre-
Power Sanitation
neurship
Transmission & Distribution (T&D) by cutting losses from 35% to 13%, at
Education
ICT
eLearning
eGovt.
Train
Skilled
the same time it needs to shift away from coal to using renewable sources
Workers
Source: Energy Primer (2007), UIUC Energy Club
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India’s current Water & Sanitation Situation
Since 2002 India increased spending on rural sanitation by 4-fold and on
Food
Develop Minimize
Transport
Health
Housing
Carrying Impact on
Care
Climate
Capacity
Innovation
water supply by 2-fold (total of $10B/yr), still it is not able to meet goals for
Energy Water
Entrepre-
Power Sanitation
neurship
Sanitation. It will require 1% of GDP/yr for its future needs. Global Climate
Education
ICT
eLearning
eGovt.
Train
Skilled
Change will further exasperate India’s already severe water problems.
Workers
Source: HD Report (2006) by UNDP
...
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1. What India needs?
– How to help the 600 Million people at Base of Indian Society
– Their key needs - Basic services and Opportunities
– India need – Advisory, Research & Business Incubation help
2. How to structure India Development Institute?
– As “Think Tank”, “Research Promoter”, “Business Incubator”
– Operating Model (Core Team, Board members, funding …)
– Startup Approaches (Bootstrapping)
3. What is our approach?
– Study other Think Tanks, in US and India
– Consult other Subject Matter Experts, in US and India
– Recruit others, How can you help?
8
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We will build an ecosystem with all the key stakeholders
Our Philosophy
- leverage existing think tanks (in the US and India) - grow research in academic institutions (IITs, IISc, …)
- remove roadblocks through policy support - seed Indian business (incl. social entrepreneurs)
• 100,000 IIT alumni
• lots of IIM alumni
Academia
IIT's, IIM's
IISc, IAS academy
Intl.
International Work w/ NGO action
Various NGOs
Stanford, JHU
agencies interested in
Agencies groups to do social
social entrepreneurs
Srishti
helping (funding) India
entrepreneurship
United Nations around India, to do
develop practical, programs, facilitate
long-term solutions to & other promoters rural development, venture fund raising
Clinton Global Init.
its social, economic, energy, education e.g., ASHA…
and environmental IRDC (Canada) environment ...
issues. …
Firms
Energy: Chevron, BP Influence Policy
Corporations Govt of India
Tech: TCS, Infosys, changes, at the
& Foundations Agencies
Google, Microsoft National and State
Telcom: Reliance India/US based Planning Comm. level, may also work
Ag: Mahindra, Deere
MNC Foundations Knowledge Comm. with activism groups
Indian
Other Think Tanks
Media
Other Think Tanks India Think Tanks
WRI, RAND Diaspora Print
CSIR, MIDC, TERI
in US Broadcast
Canada Internet Mostly in India
20 million NRI around the world (>2 MM Europe Both in India and outside
in the US) emotionally identify with India, Mostly outside India
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Focus: India’s Energy Security, Impacts of Climate Change
IDI Objective is to bring infrastructure in India to 21st century standards in
10 years using a three pronged approach
Remove Policy Roadblocks: Promote R & D: Encourage New
by assessing and proposing Analyze existing Entrepreneurs: Use the
comprehensive policies for research; publish creativity of Indians to design
various energy alternatives, reports about direct new breeds of Energy and
impact on climate change, impacts to India, its Power (electricity) solutions
plans for infrastructure & economy, its regions, suitable for India’s poor and
capacity development. Hold its people, and future their conditions. Build Social
conferences to guide Indian growth. Support Entrepreneurship work-cells,
policymakers and negotiators research centers being involve young Indians in the
in their regional and global established at IIT, IISc universities and companies
discussions and recommend and other institutions. to become entrepreneurs,
specific policy changes in India. provide them mentoring,
venture capital funding, and
to scale existing companies.
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1. What India needs?
– How to help the 600 Million people at Base of Indian Society
– Their key needs - Basic services and Opportunities
– India need – Advisory, Research & Business Incubation help
2. How to structure India Development Institute?
– As “Think Tank”, “Research Promoter”, “Business Incubator”
– Operating Model (Core Team, Board members, funding …)
– Startup Approaches (Bootstrapping)
3. What is our approach?
– Study other Think Tanks, in US and India
– Consult other Subject Matter Experts, in US and India
– Recruit others, How can you help?
11
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Current project will recommend a path forward
• Our final recommendations from this project would include:
–Proposed org model for India Development Institute (IDI)
–Way to raise seed funding and 5-yr plan for ongoing fund raising
–Linkages to other institutions (IITs, IISC, IIM, and some US Think Tanks…)
• At the end of our research, we will write 2 to 5 short essays about topics we believe should be
the initial focus for the IDI. Executive Summaries will describe the key hypothesis and plans for
further research with dedicated team of researchers and other Industry/academia experts from
the US and India
• There would be a distinguished Board of Governors, from India and the US, both IITians and
Non-IITians, people representing tech & non-tech backgrounds, etc.
• Operating Model for the India Development Institute would consist of at least 2 nodes, one in
India (most likely Delhi, w/ 10-20 people) and one in US (most likely DC, w/ 5-10)
–Role of India node: build a physical base, provide support personnel and business functions,
work w/ Indian legislators, and other institutions like IITs, Planning Commission, CII and
FICCI…
–Role of US node: research best practices and lessons learnt from other think tanks, research
collaborations and adoption of ideas to the Indian context, technology investments, funding…
establish Engage India Next
• Bootstrapping Approach brand stakeholders milestone
–Raise Seed Capital for Phase 2
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2007
–Initial set of foundations
–Web presence/Newsletters Conceptual
Design
–Regional Conferences
Partnerships
Sponsorships,
Idea Sustainable Scalable
pilots
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India needs objective and independent thinking
• We will study leading Indian think tanks
– Centre For Development Studies (CDS) in Trivandrum
– Centre for Policy Research (CPR) in New Delhi
– Development Alternatives Group (TARA) in New Delhi
– Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR) in Mumbai
– Integrated Management of Sustainable Development (IMSD) in Bangalore
– Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe) in New Delhi
– Integrated Rural Technology Center (IRTC) in Palaghat, Kerala
– Madras Institute Of Development Studies (MIDS) in Chennai
– PRAYAS in Pune and New Delhi
– Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) in New Delhi
– The Energy Research Institute (TERI) in New Delhi
• We will also interview leading US think tanks
– Brookings Institution in Washington DC
– Institute for Policy Studies in Baltimore, MD
– Rand Corp in Santa Monica, CA and Arlington, VA
– World Resource Institute in Washington DC
– Worldwatch Institute in Washington DC
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We are meeting a diverse set of people in India and US
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Next Steps: IDI is incorporated in the State of IL (USA)
Our Mission:
To address India’s development challenges, to help forge
consensus and promote collaboration among Indians and
International agencies, so as to build infrastructure for
energy/power, water/sanitation, education and to mitigate
impacts of climate change on India's overall development .
Incorporated (in State of IL) Jun 22, 2007
As a Not for Profit Incorporation, in State of Illinois
We plan to apply for 501 (c)3 status with the IRS in the US
And will also register it as a not-for-profit in India
www.indiadevelopmentinstitute.org
Website:
Initial Directors Sanjeev Maddila, Harsh Koppula, Suresh Chandar
www.indiadevelopmentinstitute.org
Core Team
Sanjeev Maddila, Chicago
Management Consultant, Partner at Deloitte Consulting and Accenture in Chicago, PhD
from Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; B Tech in Computer Science from IIT-Kanpur
Krishen Dhar, New Delhi
Successful Indian entrepreneur with a Polymers company, member of PanIIT-Global, past
President of IIT Delhi Alumni Association, B Tech in Chemical Engineering from IIT-Delhi
Harsh Koppula, Chicago
President/CEO of an subsidiary of Sumida, a Japanese electronics manufacturer for
automotive, MBA & MS in Indus. Engineering from Univ. of Cincinnati, B Tech from IIT-B
Neerja Raman, San Francisco
Ex-Director of Research at HP Labs in California, Senior Fellow at Stanford’s Digital Vision
Program, interested in Social Entrepreneurship, Exec MBA from Kellogg School of Mgmt.
Rangan Banerjee, Mumbai
Prof. Energy Sc. at IIT Bombay, co-author of India’s Energy Policy (Planning Commission),
worked at Indira Gandhi Inst. for Development research, PhD and B Tech from IIT Bombay
Prof. M A Pai and Sam Pitroda have been advising us, and we are supported by the staff
of the National Knowledge Commission in New Delhi.
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How can you help?
Food
Develop Minimize
Transport
Health
Carrying Housing Impact on
Care
Capacity Climate
Innovation
Energy Water
Entrepre-
Power Sanitation
neurship
Education
ICT
eLearning
eGovt.
Train
Skilled
Workers
• Provide feedback on our areas for focus
• Recommend funding/organizational models
• Volunteer if you are a subject matter expert
• Recommend other contacts and volunteers
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Appendix
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India also faces many difficult challenges
“600 million low-income people in India, constitute the base of its economic pyramid with an average income
of <$2/day ($10/day in PPP)…need to better meet their needs, increase their productivity and incomes, and
empower their entry into the formal economy.”
-“The Next 4 Billion” report by World Resources Institute (2007)
“By 2025 more than 3 billion people could be living in water-stress countries, China and India will be entering
the global water-stress league.
India has made progress in enabling access to water to its rural and urban population, however, access to
sanitation is lagging and there is need to accelerate progress.
-U.N. Human Development Report (2006)
“Supreme Court is all set to take up the batch of petitions, challenging the Constitutional validity of the
statute that provides 27% reservation for OBC’s in higher educational institutes.”
- Indian Newspapers (2007)
“The ability of a nation to use and create knowledge capital determines its capacity to empower and enable
its citizens by increasing human capabilities.”
- Sam Pitroda, Chairman, National Knowledge Commission (2007)
“Time has come to create a second wave of institution building, and of excellence in the fields of education,
research and capability building so that we are better prepared for the 21st century.”
- Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2002)
“Three main ‘categories’ of climate change impacts that pose serious threat to India are on its agriculture,
sea level rise (leading to loss of coastal land), increased number of extreme events.”
- “Indian Perspectives on Climate Change” OECD report (2002)
World Bank estimates, by 2010, India will need investment of $172 billion in its energy supply infrastructure.
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India’s issues are same as once faced by others
Three major issues facing Humanity Today
1
Problem: Growing income
disparity, access to
education & services… 2
Problem: Global temperature shift,
Solution: Schemes rising sea levels, food/water
1 2
to support Social shortages
Entrepreneurs
Assess
Develop
(World Bank, IMF…)
4
Solution: Raise global
Climate
Carrying
awareness to shift
Capacity Impact
policies (UN-IPCC,
Innovation
WRI, World-Watch…)
Entrepre-
neurship
3
3
Problem: Spread of communicable diseases (AIDS, Avian Flu, …), poor
health (diabetes & heart disease), growing population, poor sanitation in
Train
developing nations…
Skilled
Workers
Solution: Early detection, prevention, education (WHO, Gates Foundation...)
India’s
development
needs vary
by regions
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Concern 1: Finite Carrying Capacity
Optimistic extrapolation of the availability of food, water, energy (based on
Assess
Develop
Climate
Carrying
Capacity Impact
the last 2 decades) clearly shows that the developing countries, especially
Innovation
Entrepre-
neurship
India, can at best support 80-85% of the population, by 2050. Sustainable
development of natural resources calls for utilizing these resources based
Train
Skilled
Workers
on their potential and limitations.
Source: Hong Nguyen, Ryoichi Yamamoto (2006)
India needs lot of FDI for infrastructure development: 75 B in Power sector, 25 B in Telecommunication,
50 B in Roads infrastructure. India also needs huge investments in its agricultural sector to improve
productivity which employs 60% of the people but only contributes 23% of the GDP.
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Concern 2: Global Climate Change
Climate change will significantly impact India, risk of hunger (due to
Assess
Develop
Climate
Carrying
Capacity Impact
substantial decline in grain production), water resource scarcity (by 40%
Innovation
Entrepre-
neurship
reduction in potable water), projected sea level rise could flood about 10
millions residences on the coast and reduce biodiversity by 50%
Train
Skilled
Workers
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Concern 3: Lack of Skilled Resources
India seriously lacks trained technicians, at the same time it does not
Assess
Develop
Climate
Carrying
Capacity Impact
produce enough technical PhDs to support the need for teachers and
Innovation
Entrepre-
neurship
researchers. Without an effective strategy, it risks loosing its ability to
educate future generation of technicians, engineers and scientists.
Train
Skilled
Workers
Source:
India is a very young nation that needs to prioritize: There are 5000 Industrial Training
- 55% of Indians are below 25 years of age and Institutes (ITIs) in India that produce
70% of Indians are below 35 years of age 700,000 technicians each year.
- Prepare the youth for a vocation of their choice However, the quality of vocational
- Build up a workforce of international quality training at ITIs is very poor and
- World-class vocational training infrastructure needs urgent improvement for
- Reduce unemployment w/ world class technicians advancing India’s manufacturing
- Reduce costs & improve productivity of services competitiveness.
and manufacturing Source: IITians for ITIs
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Concern 4: Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Indian culture does not promote entrepreneurship, it is often equated to
Assess
Develop
Climate
Carrying
Capacity Impact
unnecessary risk taking or uncontrolled greed, both are considered as ills.
Innovation
Entrepre-
neurship
Only Indian innovation and entrepreneurship will provide solutions suitable
for India which can also be exported to other parts of the developing world
Train
Skilled
Workers
Source: Rand Corp. report on Global R&D
Following 5 R&D priorities
are most pressing for India
1) Cheap solar energy
2) Rural wireless
communications
3) Filters and catalysts for
reliably filter, purify, and
decontaminate water
4) Cheap autonomous
housing with heating,
cooling, and cooking
5) Hybrid vehicles for the
mass market
23
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Bios of some of the people we met in India
Prof U R Rao is an internationally renowned space scientist who has made original contributions to the development of
space technology in India and its extensive application to communications and remote sensing of natural resources.
Presently he is the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad, which is
considered as the cradle of India’s Space Program and Chairman, Karnataka Science & Technology Academy. After
working as a Faculty Member at MIT and Assistant Professor at University of Texas at Dallas, Prof. Rao returned to India
in 1966. He was Chairman of Indian Space Commission and Secretary, Department of Space in the 80s and 90s. Prof.
Rao is a recipient of several national and international awards including the Padma Bhushan (by G of I) and Lifetime
achievement award from ISRO, he is listed among the Top 10 Space Scientists of the world by Space News.
• ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Laveesh Bhandari completed his Ph.D. in Econ. from Boston University, USA, in 1996, and MA in Econ. specializing in
Finance and Industrial Organization also from BU where his thesis received the Best Thesis in International Economics
award by the EXIM Bank of India in 1996. He was also awarded the Hite Fellowship for his work on International finance.
He joined the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi, as a Senior Economist in 1997,
where he led research in the Industry and Infrastructure division. Dr. Bhandari is the founder Director of Indicus Analytics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Bibek Debroy is the Director at the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Contemporary Studies, Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, Delhi. A
renowned economist, Dr Debroy studied at Presidency College (Calcutta), Delhi School of Economics and Trinity College
(Cambridge). He has been a consultant to the govt. of India on several critical issues (in foreign trade, economic affairs
and legal reform) and has worked with the National Council for Applied Economic Research, leading economic think tank
of India. A prolific writer, Dr Debroy has authored many books and is also the Consulting Editor with Business Standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prof. P V Indiresan taught at IIT Delhi, where he established the Centre of Research in Applied Electronics. He served a
term as Director, IIT Madras. At present, he is Hon. Prof. at the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi. Prof. Indiresan
has written extensively on educational reforms, economic development and social justice. He has written one book,
Managing Development: Decentralization, Geographical Socialism and Urban Replication. He has produced a report
(Vision 2020: Driving Forces and Impedances) commissioned by the Dept of S & T, G of India, on the use of technology
for India's long term development. He writes a column for Hindu Business. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan (2000)
____----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. M Anandkrishnan got his Ph.D in Civil Engineering from University of Minnesota. He was the first Science
Counselor at the Embassy of India Washington, DC (74-78). Later served UN (78-89) as the Chief of the New
Technologies and UN Centre for S&T for Development, Secy of the UN Advisory Committee on S&T for Development.
On retirement from the UN, he took over the responsibilities as the Vice-Chancellor of Anna University (1990-96), then he
served as the Vice-Chairman of the Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education. He is now the Chairman of the High
Level Committee for Review of the Undergraduate Engineering Education in India and Fellow of the Institution of
Engineers and the National Academy of Sciences, India. He is the recipient of several prestigious honors and awards
incl. The Order of Scientific Merit from the President of Brazil (1996) and Padma Shri from the President of India (2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pratap Bhanu Mehta is a prominent Indian political scientist, constitutional expert and commentator. He currently heads
the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi. He has in the past been Professor of Government at Harvard and Professor
of Philosophy and Law and Governance at the Jawaharlal Nehru University. He was till recently a member of the
National Knowledge Commission. He obtained B.A. from Oxford and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University. 24
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Other experts we consulted in India
Kirit S. Parikh Founder Director and Vice-Chancellor of Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR),
Mumbai. He got his Sc.D. in Civil Engineering and M.S. in Economics from MIT, USA. He had been Senior Economic
Advisor to the Administrator at UNDP (1997-98), Program Leader of the Food and Agricultural Program of the
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (1980-86), Professor of Economics (and sometimes Head) of
the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), New Delhi (1967-80). He is a member of the Economic Advisory Council of the Prime
Minister of India and had been a member of the Economic Advisory Councils of four Prime Ministers. He has authored
and co-authored 16 books in the areas of planning, water resource management, appropriate technology for housing,
optimum requirement for fertilizers, energy systems, national and international policies for poverty reduction, trade
policies, economic reforms, sustainable human development, environmental accounting, general equilibrium modeling.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• M P Parameswaran received a BE from the College of Engineering, Kerala, and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from
the Moscow Power Institute in 1965. He was a scientist with the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, from 1957
to 1975. Since 1975 he has been a full-time activist with the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP). Dr. Parameswaran
also currently serves as the Vice-Chair of the Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti (BGVS) and as the Chair of the Total Health
and Sanitation Mission, Kerala. The Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (which literally means the Science Writers' Forum of
Kerala) has earned wide acclaim for activities related to generating environmental consciousness, literacy campaigns,
and decentralized, micro-level planning. The KSSP is a recipient of the Right Livelihood Award (dubbed the alternate
Nobel Prize) in 1996, UNESCO Literacy Award (King Sejong Prize), UNEP's Global 500, and the Vriksha Mitra award.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Ashok Khosla Internationally renowned entrepreneur and Chairman of the Development Alternatives Group, a
consortium of organizations based in India whose mission is to create technologies, enterprises and markets for large
scale generation of sustainable livelihoods. Dr Khosla also serves as a member of the Government of India's National
Security Advisory Board and Scientific Advisory Council to the Cabinet. Earlier, he was Director of the Office of
Environment, G of I, and Director, Infoterra in the UNEP. He is has been a Member of the Governing Bodies of IUCN,
WWF, IISD, the Stockholm Environment Institute, WETV, and several other Indian and international organizations. He
studied at the Universities of Cambridge and Harvard. He was awarded the Stockholm Challenge Award (2002), UN
Sasakawa Environment Prize (2002) and Schwab Foundation's Award for Outstanding Social Entrepreneur (2004)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rohini Nilekani is currently Chairperson of Arghyam Trust, also, Chairperson for Akshara Foundation. She worked as a
journalist for several years, writing for many leading publications in the country such as Sunday and India Today. She
has also co-founded Pratham Books, a non-profit publishing enterprise to produce high quality, low cost books for
children in several Indian languages.
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Nandan Nilekani is currently the Co-Chairman of Infosys Technologies (since Apr 2007), which he co-founded, along
with N. R. Narayana Murthy and others. He attended IIT, Bombay and worked for Patni Computers. He will still function
as an company executive by \"focusing on key client relationships, being a brand ambassador for the company, and
working on transformational initiatives\". He has been named one of Asia's Power 25 – The Most Powerful People in
Business in Asia by Fortune (in 2004), the same year he was awarded the Padma Bhushan. In January 2006, he
became one of the youngest entrepreneurs to join 20 global leaders on World Economic Forum (WEF) Board.
25
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Some of the people we have already met in US
Sam Pitroda, is an inventor, entrepreneur and policymaker. Currently chairman of India's National Knowledge
Commission, he is also widely considered to have been responsible for India's communications revolution. He is the
Chairman and CEO of World-Tel Limited, an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) initiative. He holds many key
technology patents, has been involved in several startups, and lectures extensively around the world on the implications
of communications and information technology. He is also the founder and CEO of C-SAM, Inc, and serves as a director
on the board of Jet Airways. C-SAM has developed an m-Commerce application by the name OneWallet. The company
has offices in London, Tokyo, and offshore development centers in India in Mumbai and Vadodara. He has served as an
advisor to the UN in 1992, his biography was published, and became a bestseller. Sam has lived in Chicago since 1964.
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Prof. M A Pai is professor emeritus of UIUC’s Electrical engineering department with specialization on Power Systems
Stability Dynamic Security of Power Systems Model Reduction in Power Systems Iterative Solver Techniques in Power
System Computations Voltage Stability Robust Stability, Power System computation Impact of Distributed Generation in
Power systems. He got his PhD from Univ of California, Berkeley. He as been elected member fo IITKgp, Nation
Academy of Engineering Fellow, IEEE, Life Fellow, Fellow, Indian National Science Academy 1979, Fellow, Institution of
Engineers (India) 1977 Bhatnagar Award for Engineering Research in 1974 in India (Highest award by govt of India)
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Pankaj Bhatia is a leading expert in the field of corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and reporting
methodologies and calculation tools. He currently is a co-director of the GHG Protocol Initiative within WRI's Climate,
Energy, and Pollution Program. Prior to WRI, Pankaj was at Tata Energy & Research Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
where he worked on various projects related to implementation of the Montreal Protocol in India and development of
environment policy for technology transfer and capacity building in Indian industry. He has MTech from IIT Delhi, and a
BTech in chemical engineering from BHUIT, Varansi, India.
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Prakash Ambegaonkar, founded “Bridging Nations”, after a successful career in high-tech entrepreneurship, Dr.
Prakash Ambegaonkar started Bridging Nations as a nonprofit policy and advocacy organization in Washington, DC.
Currently, Bridging Nations is privately funded by Dr. P and his wife Nunda. The Ambegaonkars have been active for
many years in philanthropic, civic, and political affairs. Together with his wife, Nunda, he has contributed to numerous
charitable causes including the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and to the field of cancer research.
Prakash obtained two Masters degrees in electrical and industrial engineering from University of Wisconsin, Madison
and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Marquette University.
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Julian Darley is founder and director of the Post Carbon Institute and Global Public Media. He is also the author of High
Noon for Natural Gas: The New Energy Crisis. His new book Re-localize Now! is collaboration with Celine Rich, Dave
Room, and Richard Heinberg and will be released later this year. Julian has an MSC in Environment and Social
Research from the University of Surrey in the, an MA in Journalism and Communications from the University of Texas at
Austin, and a BA in Music and Russian. He currently lives in Sebastopol (near San Francisco) www.postcarbon.org
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