Depression is a challenging experience for any human. This presentation provides an overview of depression and how to deal with it.

1. Understanding
Depression:
Causes, Effects,
and Coping
Strategies
Presented by
Mr Idowu Omisile
at the Nigerian Institute of Management (Chartered), Ile-Ife
Chapter General Meeting of Wednesday, 20th March 2024

2. Introduction
• Depression is a mood disorder that causes a
persistent feeling of sadness and loss of
interest (Sawchuk, 2022).
• It is a common and serious medical illness
that is also called major depressive disorder
or clinical depression
• It negatively affects how people feel, think
and act.
• It can lead to a variety of emotional and
physical problems and can decrease your
ability to function at work and at home.
• Depression isn't a weakness and you can't
simply "snap out" of it.
• It may require long-term treatment.

3. Depression
Facts &
Figures
• Global statistics (WHO, 2023)
• 5% adults globally
• 4% adult males & 3% adult females
• 3.8% global population
• 5.7% adults >60 years
• Approx. 280 million
• Nigerian statistics
• 3.9% population (WHO, 2019)
• 58.2% University students (Danbna,
& Gobir, 2018)

4. COMMON
TYPES OF
DEPRESSIVE
DISORDERS

5. CAUSES OF DEPRESSION

6. Biological factors
•Genetics
•Brain Chemistry imbalances
•Hormonal changes

7. Psychological factors
•Negative thinking pattern
•Trauma
•Loss
•Low self-esteem
•Learned helplessness

8. Social factors
•Social Isolation
•Lack of support
•Stressful life events

9. MEDICAL FACTORS
• Certain medical illnesses and
medications can trigger
depression
• Cancer
• Chronic pain
• Thyroid problems
• Heart attack
• Parkinson’s disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Stroke
• Diabetes

10. EFFECTS OF
DEPRESSION

11. EMOTIONAL
EFFECTS
•Persistent sadness
•Loss of interest
•Irritability
•Feeling of hopelessness
•Feelings of guilt or
worthlessness.

12. COGNITIVE
EFFECTS
•Difficulty concentrating
•Indecisiveness
•Memory problems

13. PHYSICAL
EFFECTS
•Fatigue
•Sleep disturbances
•Changes in appetite
•Unexplained aches and pains
•Difficulty in concentrating

14. SOCIAL/BEHAVI
OURAL EFFECTS
•Withdrawal from friends
and activities
•Relationship strain
•Decreased work or academic
performance
•Loss of interest in activities
once enjoyed
•Neglect of self-care

15. HOW TO
OVERCOME
DEPRESSION

16. SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP
• A mental health
professional can provide
diagnosis, treatment plans
including therapy and
medication, and ongoing
support.
• Department of Mental
Health
• Department of Psychology
• Department of Guidance &
Counseling

17. PSYCHO-THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES
• Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT)
• Interpersonal
therapy (IPT),
• Psychodynamic
therapy.

18. MEDICATION
Mood stabilizers
Antidepressants
Anxiety-reducing
medications

19. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
• Exercise
• Proper sleep
• Healthy diet
• Stress management
techniques

20. SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP
• Connecting with
oFriends
oFamily
oSupport groups
oStrong network

21. ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

22. FINAL WORDS
• Depression is a serious condition but it’s also
important to remember that hope exists.
• Effective treatments and support systems are
available.
• By raising awareness, encouraging open
communication, and seeking professional help
when needed, we can create a society where
individuals with depression feel empowered to
heal and thrive.
• Let's work together to break the stigma
surrounding mental health and ensure everyone
has access to the resources they need to live
fulfilling lives.

23. SOME WISE WORDS ON DEPRESSION
• Bi Esin ba dáni gúlè ã tun gun ni! (When a strategy doesn’t work out,
don’t give up; instead, keep trying.)
• A o moyi Olorun yo se, ko je ka binu ku.
We know not what God will do keeps one from committing suicide.
(Often it is hope that keeps people going.)
• Bao ku, ise o tan
• Bi eru yoo ba je ifun, ibi edo nii ti m bere.
A slave that would eat intestines must begin with the liver.
(One must endure unpleasantness before achieving one's ends.)

24. Job 14:7-9 (New
King James Version)
• 7 “For there is hope for a tree,
If it is cut down, that it will sprout
again,
And that its tender shoots will not
cease.
8 Though its root may grow old in the
earth,
And its stump may die in the ground,
9 Yet at the scent of water it will bud
And bring forth branches like a plant.

25. (Surah Al-Imran 3:139)
• “Be not, then, faint of heart, and
grieve not: for you are bound to
rise high if you are truly believers.”

26. THANK YOU