AP English Absolutism

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English Absolutism

Absolutism <ul><li>a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by any other institutions, such as churches, legislatu...

James I <ul><li>Stuart (not a Tudor) </li></ul><ul><li>King of Scotland </li></ul><ul><li>Nephew of Elizabeth I </li></ul...

Tensions with Parliament <ul><li>Disagreements about money </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Lavish lifestyle </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><...

Religious Tensions <ul><li>The Puritans wanted: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>To “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practi...

Charles I <ul><li>r. 1625-1649 </li></ul><ul><li>inherited the throne from his father, James I </li></ul><ul><li>Like his...

Charles I vs. Parliament <ul><li>Debt from: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Super-luxurious lifestyle </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>W...

Petition of Right <ul><li>No funds could be borrowed or raised through taxes & tariffs without the explicit approval of Pa...

Petition of Right <ul><li>2. Habeas Corpus: No free person (Britain had slavery at this time) could be imprisoned without ...

The Deal <ul><li>Charles I signed the Petition , thereby agreeing to its terms (and getting his $$) </li></ul><ul><li>Did...

Dissolution of Parliament <ul><li>Charles immediately broke his word </li></ul><ul><li>To avoid a confrontation with Parl...

Charles’ Budget Cuts <ul><li>Made peace with enemies (peace is cheaper than war) </li></ul><ul><li>Downsized government ad...

Charles I and Religion <ul><li>Charles persecuted the Puritans </li></ul><ul><li>Allowed the Archbishop of Canterbury (W...

Puritans Under Charles I <ul><li>Forbidden to publish or preach </li></ul><ul><li>Scottish Puritans were forced to use th...

Twelve Years to Stew <ul><li>Parliament - ready to show Charles no mercy </li></ul><ul><li>Refused Charles any money until...

Buh-Bye Parliament <ul><li>Charles I refused their demands and dismissed them (April–May 1640 - known as “The Short Parlia...

Parliament’s Demands <ul><li>Illegal to raise taxes without Parliament okay </li></ul><ul><li>William Laud – impeached & e...

Rebellion in Ireland <ul><li>Religious radicals in Ireland rebelled </li></ul><ul><li>Charles I wanted funds for an army t...

One Angry King <ul><li>Charles not very happy about this </li></ul><ul><li>Stormed Parliament with his own army </li></ul>...

The English Civil War

Cavaliers & Roundheads <ul><li>Cavaliers = Supporters of King Charles I </li></ul><ul><li>Wealthy nobles </li></ul><ul><li...

Cavaliers & Roundheads <ul><li>Roundheads = Supporters of Parliament </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Divide within: Independents v...

Oliver Cromwell <ul><li>Puritan, gentry, military genius </li></ul><ul><li>Organized “New Model Army” into a skilled force...

Cromwell’s Worries <ul><li>New religious sects = trouble (overturn social hierarchy) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Quakers, Digger...

The Execution of a King <ul><li>Found guilty </li></ul><ul><li>Sentenced to death as a “tyrant, traitor, murderer, and pub...

Life Under Puritan Rule <ul><li>After Charles I’s execution, Rump Parliament abolished : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The monarch...

Religion Under Cromwell <ul><li>Allowed various Puritan sects to worship </li></ul><ul><li>Permitted Jews with needed ski...

Cromwell at War <ul><li>Re-conquered Scottish </li></ul><ul><li>Subdued Ireland </li></ul><ul><ul><li>crushed Irish rebel...

Life Under Cromwell <ul><li>Increased property taxes & customs duties </li></ul><ul><li>1653: abolished Rump Parliament in...

Cromwell’s Death <ul><li>Died in 1658 </li></ul><ul><li>“ There were none that cried but dogs.” – John Evelyn, Diarist </l...

End of the Commonwealth <ul><li>Puritans lost control of England </li></ul><ul><li>1660: New Anglican Parliament invited C...

Charles II <ul><li>Idolized Louis XIV </li></ul><ul><li>Religiously tolerant </li></ul><ul><li>Accepted Petition of Right...

Catastrophe Strikes <ul><li>May 1665: Plague hits London </li></ul><ul><li>Over 30,000 dead by September </li></ul><ul><li...

Charles II & Parliament <ul><li>Tensions over religion – P. concerned w/ successor (James II – openly Cath.) </li></ul><...

Tories vs. Whigs <ul><li>Crisis over succession = 2 factions </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Tories supported: </li></ul></ul><ul><...

James II <ul><li>Inherited the throne </li></ul><ul><li>Brother of Charles II </li></ul><ul><li>Flaunted his Catholic f...

William & Mary <ul><li>Parliament invited James II’s Protestant daughter Mary II & her Dutch Protestant husband William of...

The Glorious Revolution <ul><li>William & Mary arrived with an army </li></ul><ul><li>No need – James II fled to France </...

Toleration Act <ul><li>1689 </li></ul><ul><li>All Protestants granted freedom of worship </li></ul><ul><li>Non-Anglicans ...

From Absolutism to Constitutionalism <ul><li>Constitutionalism: a system of government in which rulers share power with pa...

Thomas Hobbes <ul><li>1588-1679 </li></ul><ul><li>Leviathan (1651) </li></ul><ul><li>Human nature = self-centered & drive...

John Locke <ul><li>1632-1704 </li></ul><ul><li>physician, secretary, & intellectual </li></ul><ul><li>Human nature = reas...

Locke’s Social Contract <ul><li>Between ruler & people (power w/ the people) </li></ul><ul><li>Gov’t is morally obliged to...

Dutch Republic <ul><li>Power in the people via elected representatives </li></ul><ul><li>Each province appointed exec. off...

Dutch Golden Age <ul><li>Europe’s financial capital (Bank of Amsterdam) </li></ul><ul><li>Dominated shipping industry </l...

Decline of Dutch Golden Age <ul><li>Ongoing naval wars w/ Britain & land wars w/ France – drained wealth </li></ul><ul><li...

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1865 1890 in a Nutshell by Jennifer Boyer-Sw... 1958 views

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