Organic Chemistry Review

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AIM: What do you need to know about organic chemistry? ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Study of Substances containing Carbon; the Chemi...

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY <ul><li>All the Major Chemicals in Living things Contain Carbon. </li></ul><ul><li>The major organic che...

Polymers <ul><li>Monomers Joined Together </li></ul><ul><li>Condensation reaction </li></ul><ul><li>Joins ): Monomers t...

Carbohydrates <ul><li>Carbohydrates are sugars and </li></ul><ul><li>Identify sugars by their ending in –ose. </li></ul><...

Carbohydrates, I <ul><li>Monosaccharides </li></ul><ul><li>√ CH2O formula </li></ul><ul><li>√ Used for cellular respi...

Carbohydrates, II <ul><li>Disaccharides </li></ul><ul><li>√ 2 Monosaccharides, Joined by condensation reaction </li></u...

Carbohydrates, III <ul><li>Polysaccharides Storage of energy: </li></ul><ul><li>Starch~ glucose monomers </li></ul><ul...

Lipids <ul><li>glycerol and fatty acid </li></ul><ul><li>Fats, phospholipids, steroids </li></ul><ul><li>Hydrophobic; H bo...

Lipids, II

Phospholipids <ul><li>2 fatty acids instead of 3 (phosphate group) </li></ul><ul><li>‘ Tails’ hydrophobic; ‘heads’ hydrop...

Proteins <ul><li>Importance: instrumental in nearly everything organisms do; 50% dry weight of cells </li></ul><ul><li>Mo...

Carbohydrates (and beyond …) <ul><li>Glucose is the preferred energy source for the brain. Brain function drops off sharp...

Lipids <ul><li>Lipids include fats, waxes, and steroids. </li></ul><ul><li>Lipids are non-polar and do not dissolve in wat...

Lipids (and beyond …) <ul><li>Phospholipids make up all cell membranes and play a large role in determining what gets in ...

Proteins <ul><li>Proteins are the cell’s molecular machinery. </li></ul><ul><li>Most catalysts are made of protein. </li><...

Proteins (and beyond …) <ul><li>Proteins gain their function from the way they fold. </li></ul><ul><li>Proteins act as ca...

Nucleic Acids <ul><li>Nucleic Acids are polymers consisting of many nucleotides monomers that serve as a blueprint for pro...

Nucleic Acids <ul><li>The helical backbone is made up of sugar and phosphates. </li></ul><ul><li>Each pair (in DNA) is mad...

Enzymes <ul><li>Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of reactions th...

Enzymes <ul><li>This reaction normally happens (black), but is catalyzed by the enzyme (red). Free energy change ( Δ G) is...

Enzymes <ul><li>Enzymes bind substrates (enzyme reactant) into active sites ( pocket or groove on enzyme). </li></ul><u...

Enzymes <ul><li>The most classic example an enzymatic reaction is the hydrolysis of sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and...

Enzymes <ul><li>Another look… </li></ul>

Amino Acids <ul><li>Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. </li></ul><ul><li>Only twenty amino acids account for...

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