Urban complexity's role in a practical emergent urbanism

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The role of urban complexity in the practice of urbanism<br />Emergent Urbanism<br />Mathieu Hélie<br />Translated from th...

Urban complexity theories<br />Since the 1990’s, many complexity science programs have researched urban complexity.<br />

Pierre Frankhauser<br />French geographer Pierre Frankhauser studies the geometry of urban areas to determine their fracta...

Bill Hillier<br />A spatial configuration theory, Space Syntax predicts the probability of traffic in the urban network, a...

Michael Batty<br />Cities and Complexity is the biggest treatise specifically on complexity science applied to cities. (Ce...

$Nikos Salingaros<br />Urban web theory, a physical connection network<br />Definition of a fractal city<br />$

What’s it for?<br />Up to now no theory attempts to explain how or why cities are complex and/or emergent.<br />No link to...

History of urbanism<br />Solutions to scale problems that appear whenever the city grows larger<br />

Organic urbanisation<br />The collapse of the Roman Empire ends the first attempt at urban planning<br />For the next 1000...

Characteristics of organic urbanization<br />Land is built up as the economy necessitates<br />Economic conditions change ...

Organic urbanization still exists!<br />Where no planning system is enforced organic urbanization procedes naturally.<br />

Pre-industrial planning<br />In the 17th century some towns reach hundreds of thousands of inhabitants<br />The organic ne...

Examples<br />

The grid<br />New law codes regulate property division to maintain a uniform grid for traffic circulation.<br />Usage zoni...

New York<br />Multiple grids collide into each other until the Plan of 1811 settles the entire island<br />

The metropolitan scale<br />The regular grid is impossible to navigate with hundreds of streets<br />Cities routinely reac...

Architects provide the answer<br />The modern city will be a utopia planned with industrial science to build the city of t...

Characteristics of urban planning<br />The network is planned as well as the land uses through architectural building plan...

Scale problems of urban planning<br />Cities sprawl out<br />Social, economic and ecological problems<br />How can we make...

Evolution of urbanization processes<br />As we progressed to modernity the process of urbanization became less spontaneous...

General theory of complexity<br />Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science<br />Christopher Alexander, The Nature of Order<b...

The Wolfram method<br />Observing nature allows us to formulate theories of natural laws<br />We have to guess these laws ...

$Wolfram’s classes of phenomena<br />Type I: dead<br />Type II: linear or regular<br />Type III: fractal hierarchical<br />...$

Type II urbanization<br />

Type III urbanization<br />

Type IV urbanization<br />

Alexander<br />Emergent processes are the key to natural or « organic » morphology<br />“I believe that the whole idea abo...

Morphogenesis<br />The form of a living system is the result of the reiterating local actions of elements following shared...

Emergence of urban order<br />A single geometricruleregulates the growth of randombuildings<br />

Morphogenetic urbanization<br />Dividing and subdividing land into a city works on the same principles as natural cell div...

Comparison to modern planning<br />The plan sets up a scale for the city<br />The developer decides the size of lots<br />...

Emergenturbanism<br />Rethink the role of the homeowner in house building<br />Rethink the role of the developer in subdiv...

Shape grammars<br />Sell a building system instead of a building plan<br />

Subdivision<br />Lots are drawn and selected on the fly instead of being subdivided in advance<br />

The complex grid: village<br />

The complex grid: town<br />

The complex grid: city<br />

SharedSpace<br />De-signalize public space<br />Replace control withnegotiation<br />

Obstacles<br />Planning regulations<br />The permitting system<br />The banking and financial system<br />Political habit<...

Fractal government<br />Government is affected by scale problems when the metropolitan scale is reached<br />Merging conti...

Paris-Métropole<br />

Conclusion<br />Complexity means solving problems at every scale<br />Emergent geometric rules are necessary to create com...

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