Dietary guidelines are right

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Following dietary guidelines
is associated with reduced risk of
type 2 diabetes, coronary heart
disease and obesity.
Scien...

Why this slide deck?
• Numerous accusations by some representatives of low carb and
“Paleolithic“ diet communities and by ...

1. Randomized mortality &
morbidity trials
2. Prospective cohorts
3. Randomized risk
marker studies
4. Cross-sectional and...

Commonly recommended dietary
patterns have many names and
their quality varies little. All are
rather high in carbs:
DASH
...

Their claim: This food pyramid is the
root cause of OBESITY EPIDEMIC
”Carbs are bad”
”Carbs are bad”

Dietary macronutrients and long
term weight change
Systematic review by Fogelholm
et al 2013
6

Prudent diet, healthy diet and Med Diet
reduce the risk of weight gain
7
Fogelholm M et al. Dietary macronutrients and foo...

Fiber rich carbohydrates associated
with lower body weight and refined
carbs with weight gain
8
Number of studies showing
...

Meat is associated with weight gain.
Dairy is associated with lower weight
9
Number of studies showing
increased risk of w...

No evidence that share of carbs in a
diet is a determinant of weight gain
10
Fogelholm M et al. Dietary macronutrients and...

Carbs and weight management
Systematic review by Hauner et al
2012
www.pronutritionist.net11

Intake of carbs is not associated with with
risk of obesity.
12
Hauner H et al. Evidence-based guideline of the German Nut...

Fiber rich carbs are associated with
reduced risk of obesity. Sugary drinks
increase the risk of weight gain
13
Hauner H e...

Their claim: This food pyramid is the
root cause of TYPE 2 DIABETES
EPIDEMIC
”Carbs are bad”
”Carbs are bad”

Type 2 diabetes
Meta-analyses of prospective
cohorts by Esposito et al. 2014,
Alhazmi et al. 2014, Ye et al.2013
and meta-...

Healthy dietary pattern is associated with
reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
Page 16
“The results indicated that dietary pat...

DASH, Med Diet and healthy dietary pattern
are all associated with reduced risk of type 2
diabetes
Page 17
Esposito et al....

Systematic review of prospective
cohorts and RCTs: whole grains
associated with reduced risk of T2D,
weight gain and CVD
•...

Meta-analysis of RCTs: recommended
diet reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes
19
Gillies et al. Pharmacological and lifestyl...

Share of carbs per se is not associated
with risk of type 2 diabetes.
20
Hauner H et al. Evidence-based guideline of the G...

Their claim: This food pyramid is the
root cause of ATHEROSCLEROSIS
(through small LDL particles)
”Carbs are bad”
”Carbs a...

Recommended dietary pattern and
coronary heart disease
(CHD)
Meta-analysis by Mente et al. 2009
www.pronutritionist.net22

Meta-analysis: risk of coronary heart
disease reduced by “High quality diet”,
Med Diet and low GI/GL diet
Mente A et al. A...

Pooled analysis of 2 prospective
cohorts. Healthy diets are associated
with reduced risk of cardiovascular,
cancer and all...

Meta-analysis of 15 cohorts on
recommended diets
Sivu 25
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Diet quality as assessed by the Heal...

Analysis of 304 systematic reviews
and meta-analyses published between
1950-2013*: Dietary guidelines are right
Sivu 26
Fa...

What they usually DON’T tell: Most
people NEVER followed the pyramid.
Many follow junk food diet (“Western
diet pattern”)
...

In Nordic countries: only 0,3 % adhere
strictly to recommendations and 9-24 %
of the populations have somewhat
“healthy” d...

More than 90% of children in US have
poor diet*. Only 0.1% has ideal diet.
29
Mozaffarian D et al. AHA Statistical Update....

More than 65% of adults in US have poor
diet*. Only 0.4-0.6% has ideal diet.
30
Mozaffarian D et al. AHA Statistical Updat...

An average person in US eats > 2 times
more refined grains, solid fats and sugars
than recommended and < 50 % of the
recom...

Are our current diets really lower in
fat than ever (as it often claimed by
low carb proponents)?
Case US
Data from NHANES...

NHANES studies 1971-2010
Absolute intake in grams.
Data is based on self-reports which usually
underestimate real intake
33

Intake of fat, carbohydrates and protein (grams/day/person)
NHANES
Ford ES, Dietz WH. Trends in energy intake among adults...

Data from USDA (1971-2006)
Absolute availability per person in
grams.
Data is based on balance sheets (food
availability) ...

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
gramspercaptia/day Fat, protein and carbohydrate availability in US
(grams/day/person)
USDA
Carb...

Is there any data that supported
the notion of decreased fat intake
in US?
Yes. Only data that supports this notion is dat...

NHANES studies 1971-2010
Percentage of energy intake
38

Intake of fat, carbohydrates and protein
(percentage of energy intake/day/person)
NHANES
Ford ES, Dietz WH. Trends in ener...

Conclusion
• There is no decrease in fat intake in US population during the past
four decades.
• Intake of carbohydrates h...

The real problem: Western crappy diet
is one of the key reasons for obesity
and type 2 diabetes epidemic
I’m indeed loving...

Western diet, the junk food diet, that many
follow is associated with increased risk of
type 2 diabetes in prospective coh...

Analysis of 3 cohorts: Western diet is
associated with increased risk of obesity in
prospective cohorts while recommended
...

Conclusion
• Different universally recommended dietary patterns are associated
with reduced risk of weight gain, type 2 di...

A bonus.
Why there is then so much
controversy around the
guidelines?
Let’s give a word to Seth Yoder
@thescienceofnutriti...

46
Read this text and you know. Worth
your 20 minutes.

Disclaimer
I’m not saying the recommended diet would
be superior or the only way of healthy eating.
There are several vari...

Wellcome aboard!
http://twitter.com/pronutritionist
http://www.facebook.com/pronutritionist
http://www.pronutritionist.net...

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