Early Christian/ Early Jewish Art PowerPoint

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Early Christian Art, Early Jewish
Art
200-500 CE

THE LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE WORLD

KEY IDEAS:

•Christianity begins as underground religion
(prohibited). Early works appear in catacombs and on
sarcophagi
•...

VOCABULARY:

•AMBULATORY: a passageway around the apse or altar of a
church
•APSE: the endpoint of a church where the alta...

Vocabulary continued…
•LOCULI: openings in the walls of catacombs to receive the dead
•LUNETTE: a crescent-shaped space, s...

Being a Christian was rough in 1st-3rd centuries!
• Persecutions frequent
• Most early popes, including St. Peter, were ma...

Let’s see how folks were buried and look at some
Early Christian architecture…

Hundreds of miles of CATACOMBS found under city of
Rome…some five stories deep…millions of bodies
Christians, Jews, and pa...

CUBICULUM OF
LEONIS, CATACOMB OF
COMMODILLA
Near Rome.
Late 4th century.

Wealthy people
buried in mortuary
chapels called...

ARK OF THE COVENANT AND MENORAHS
Wall painting in a Jewish catacomb, Villa Torlonia,
Rome. 3rd century. 3'11" × 5'9”

Wealthy people often placed in
extravagant sarcophagi, like this
one dedicated to JuniusBassus

SARCOPHAGUS OF JUNIUS BASS...

---JuniusBassus was prefect of Rome, baptized just before his death
---Scenes from the Bible in separate niches on the fro...

• The world “makes peace” with Christianity around 313 CE, and
Christian architecture starts booming
• Built BASILICAS wit...

•

•

Focused attention directly on priest at the ALTAR
(“high place”)
ALTAR was elevated in the APSE

altar

• Male worsh...

CENTRALLY
Early Christian churches come in two forms,
both inspired by Roman architecture:
CENTRALLY PLANNED and AXIALLY P...

•
•
•
•
•
•

Axially planned buildings had long NAVES focusing on the APSE
NAVE used for processional space
Two SIDE AISLE...

PLAN of OLD ST. PETER's
c. 320-327; atrium added
in later 4th century.

• Old St. Peter’s used Roman columns
from pagan te...

RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING of
OLD ST. PETER's
c. 320-327; atrium added in
later 4th century.
Approx. 394’ long and 210’
wide.

Interior, Old St. Peter’s (no longer standing)
•Large, uninterrupted
interior spaces for a
large number of
Christians
•Gra...

•Domed buildings popular- round
or polygonal buildings topped with
a dome- taken from Roman bath
design- became baptisteri...

ALTAR

• Santa Costanza may
have been the
mousoleum for
Emperor
Constantine’s
daughter, Constantina
• Barrel vaulted side
aisles
...

• Santa Costanza Mosaics: PUTTI
harvesting grapes and producing wine
• Christian message of wine becoming the
blood of Chr...

Mausoleum of GallaPlacidia, 425 CE, Ravenna, Italy

•
•
•
•
•

Probably originally a chapel to St. Lawrence
Fusion of central plan AND axial plan
Exterior: brick façade repre...

• Interior: brilliantly
colored mosaics
• Represent the soul
• Shows a Christian’s
path to detemption
• Victory of eternal...

•Images in paintings are VERY narrative- from various books of New
Testament
•WHY do you think Christianity had to be narr...

Portraits of Evangelists
(writers of New Testament gospels)
Gospels are arranged in order in which it was believe they wer...

Catacomb paintings in SAINTS PETER AND MARCELLINO
4th century, Rome

•Not random imagesthere is an artistic
program with i...

THE GOOD SHEPHERD, ORANTS, AND THE STORY OF JONAH
Painted ceiling of the Catacomb of SS.
Peter and Marcellino, Rome. Late ...

GOOD SHEPHERD
4th century fresco, Rome
from Catacomb of Saints Peter and
Marcellino

•Part of Rome’s extensive catacomb
sy...

Remind you of anything?

GOOD SHEPHERD mosaic from the Mausoleum of GallaPlacidia, 425, Ravena, Italy
•When Christianity was recognizes as the offi...

•Regal version of Christ in lunette
•Golden cross shows victory over death
•Rich landscape
•3-D figures that cast shadows
...

EARLY JEWISH ART
•Today’s Jewish temples usually don’t have
imagery, but ancient Jews interpreted the 2nd
commandment in a...

SYNAGOGUE OF
DURA EUROPOS
245-256 CE
Frescoes
now at the National
Museum, Damascus
*A limited number of Jewish works
survi...

•No action, very “posed”
•No classical illusionism
(perspective, etc.)

•Stylized gestures
•Expressionless faces, huge eye...

she hands him to a nurse (actually his
own mom)
she wades nude into water to
save him
princess sees Moses

The Finding of ...

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