A2 Film A-Level Film Studies FM4 Spectatorship Revision

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A2 Film Studies
Unit 4 // FM4

FM4: VARIETIES OF FILM EXPERIENCE
– ISSUES AND DEBATES
Focus of the unit
This unit contributes to synoptic assessment. Und...

FM4
Varieties of Film Experience: Issues and Debates
Three questions, one from each section:
Section A: World Cinema topic...

FM4
Section B: Spectatorship topics (35)
Exam is 2 hours 45 mins.
Total of 100 marks available.
Spectatorship (Section B) ...

FM4
Section B: Spectatorship topics (35)
This section is broken down to a further 4 areas:
A Spectatorship and Early Cinem...

FM4
Section B: Spectatorship topics (35)
This section is broken down to a further 4 areas:
A Spectatorship and Early Cinem...

FM4 Section B // Sub-section
D
This study is concerned with the ways in which popular film (whether
deriving from Hollywoo...

Lesson 1: What is emotion?
TASK:
Compile a list of the various types of emotional
response a film might elicit

Lesson 1: What is emotion?
TASK:
How would you define emotion, or an emotional
response?

Lesson 1: What is emotion?
Write this down:
What exactly is emotion, or emotional response?
A moving of the mind or soul; ...

Lesson 1: What is emotion?
Can we control our emotions?
To what extent should emotions be seen to be
linked to thought? To...

As we watch films we can each experience fear, and pleasure, and desire, and surprise, and shock
and a whole array of poss...

As we watch films we can each experience fear, and pleasure, and desire, and surprise, and shock
and a whole array of poss...

TASK:
What technical elements can a film maker use to create and
develop the reaction in an audience?
Lesson 1: What is em...

How does a (film) camera
work?
• Can you explain how a traditional film camera works?

How does a (film) camera
work?• The chemical component in a traditional camera is film. Essentially, when you
expose film ...

How does a camera work?

Birth of Cinema
Cinema is made possible by the camera. Cameras, traditionally, let light into a
darkened box which then ca...

Documentary
Documentary is an art form that has developed and changed dramactically
since the birth of cinema.
Films, to b...

Exiting the Factory
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO0EkMKfgJI

Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat
(The Lumière Brothers, 1895)

Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat
(The Lumière Brothers, 1895)
Even this film footage, presented as real life through a came...

Story of Film
8:10 - 23:15

Georges Melies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4MnFACzKfQ&list=PLBC353D7404F439

The Great Train Robbery
(1903)
The Great Train Robbery is a 1903 American Western film written, produced, and directed by
...

The emotional response
that some audiences would
have had to The Great Train
Robbery are drastically
different to ours. Wh...

Emotion response
What do you define emotion as now?
For the most part we’ll be dealing with cognitive responses.
Can our e...

Why people share emotional
responses
Film Studies and Cultural Studies Film Studies, influenced by Cultural
Studies is inc...

Why people share emotional
responses
Groups of people may share a social or political group/formation.
You can be an indiv...

Hypodermic Needle Theory
This Theory is a suggestion that the Media (in this case, Film) has a
direct and powerful affect ...

Hypodermic Needle
Theory
Here you can see how we,
as individuals, are treated
as one audience. The film (mass media
produc...

Creating a ‘message’ for the
audience.
The HNT suggests that this decoding is not
really needed. We are ‘forced’ the messa...

Hypodermic Needle Theory
Case Study: War of the Worlds
• This classic example of The Hypodermic Needle Theory occurred on ...

Hypodermic Needle Theory
Case Study: War of the Worlds
• A wave of mass hysteria and panic disrupted households, interrupt...

Criticisms of the Hypodermic
Needle Theory
The War of the Worlds case study apparently showed that the
media could directl...

Criticisms of the Hypodermic
Needle Theory
• The theory was deterministic and this did not allow for freedom of
choice. Th...

Summary of Hypodermic
Needle Theory
Name of theory:
General theory:
Positives (with example/s):
Criticisms:

Spectatorship
One of the reasons why the Hypodermic Needle theory was
discredited is because it undermines the role of the...

Responses
Our response to a film draws on the whole of the self, a self that includes:
A social self who can make meaning ...

Responses
A cultural self who makes particular intertextual references (to other films, other
kinds of images and sound) b...

Responses
Our response to a film draws on the whole of the self, a self that includes:
A social self who can make meaning ...

Responses
• A private self who carried the memories of his/her own experiences and who may
find person significance in a f...

• A desiring self who brings conscious and unconscious energies and
intensities to the film event that have little to do w...

Responses
The opening scenes to V for Vendetta.The opening scenes to V for Vendetta.
How do we respond? Make a note of the...

Responses
How are these responses created by the filmHow are these responses created by the film
makers?makers?
Combine yo...

Emotional response and
pleasure• Filmmakers have always attempted to gain some sort of emotional response
from spectators,...

In what ways is it
pleasurable?• In groups, think of ways in which a spectator could find
a film pleasurable.
• (You may w...

The opening to
Psycho

The opening to
Psycho• Psycho would seem to encourage the notion of film as
voyeuristically pleasurable but what is the co...

Responses
The opening scenes to Psycho
How do we respond? Make a note of these whilst
watching.
Then, can you explain what...

What emotions are
engendered here?• Reservoir Dogs (1992)
(Please note: pretty grim!)
• Do these emotions involve pleasure...

Responses
The ear cutting scene in Reservoir Dogs
Why is this scene ‘pleasurable’?
How do we respond? Make a note of these...

Kill Bill
• Homework 1:
• Research Tarantino, research the film.
• Make sure you are aware of his films and the controvers...

What’s shocking to
you?
•List the range of ways in which you see film as being
potentially 'shocking', and try to give an ...

What is shocking to
the viewer here?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4omQNqCMFb0
• What specifically is it here that is ...

Un Chien Andalou
(1929)•In carrying out the act of analysing this clip, you should now
be aware of the way in which 'shock...

Un Chien Andalou vs. Reservoir
Dogs• Compare the way in which the scene from Un Chien Andalou is constructed with the slic...

Homework
• Kill Bill
• 1. Note at least 3 scenes from the film that caused you to have a strong
emotional response? Descri...

Shock and the
‘shocking’
• As you discuss or think about films and scenes from films that create
an emotional shock, alway...

Shock and the
‘shocking’• ‘ Shock’ as sudden and unexpected, or long-drawn out.
• ‘ Shock’ in film usually occurs as somet...

Shock and the
‘shocking’• 'Shock' suggests a state of being stunned by what you have felt to
be repulsive in its brutality...

Projecting Illusion
• Projecting Illusion: Film spectatorship and the impression of reality
(Richard Allen)
• Contemporary...

Projecting Illusion
• Projecting Illusion: Film spectatorship and the impression of reality
(Richard Allen)
• Contemporary...

• The interaction between director and
spectator can be achieved through the
manipulation of the following information:
• ...

Projecting Illusion
• Watch the following extracts from Kill Bill and make notes on
the following:
• How does the director...

Question practice:
• Spectatorship: Popular Film and Emotional Response
• Your answer should be based on a minimum of two ...

Question practice:
• Spectatorship: Popular Film and Emotional Response
• Your answer should be based on a minimum of two ...

Deconstruction
• This theory challenges the assumption that a text has an
unchanging, unified meaning that is true for all...

Deconstruction
• However, other theories have attempted to demonstrate how the
spectator is fixed in place by the text (or...

Censorship
• Censorship and regulation have always sought to restrict groups of
people from viewing certain films.
• Does ...

Censorship
• Films have always been seen to have the power to bring about
antisocial behaviour, particularly in the young ...

Censorship
• Films have always been seen to have the power to bring about
antisocial behaviour, particularly in the young ...

Censorship
• Films have always been seen to have the power to bring about
antisocial behaviour, particularly in the young ...

Censorship
• Films have always been seen to have the power to bring about
antisocial behaviour, particularly in the young ...

Reception Theory
• Reception theory hoped to be a more sophisticated approach to
studying audiences, concentrating more on...

Reception Theory
When a text is
encoded (watched
& understood; note,
only possible for
active not passive,
viewers) certai...

Reception Theory
• Reception Theory states that an audience may respond in one of three ways based on their
reading of a f...

Reception Theory
• Reception theory dictates that a film does not have any meaning without the
spectator . Meaning is only...

Reception Theory
• Reception Theory states that an audience may respond in one of three ways based on their
reading of a f...

Reception Theory
• Reception Theory states that an audience may respond in one of three ways based on their
reading of a f...

Reception Theory
• Reception Theory states that an audience may respond in one of three ways based on their
reading of a f...

Central ImaginingCentral Imagining
• Arguably the central function of spectatorship is Central Imagining.
• This refers to...

Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat
(The Lumière Brothers, 1895)

A-Central ImaginingA-Central Imagining
• Most of the time film spectators operate in the ‘I imagine that...’ mode –
meanin...

SummarySummary
• Essentially when we view films we have a combination of responses
ranging from preferred to oppositional ...

RevisionRevision
• Using your notes from the previous lessons answer the following
questions:
• How does Tarantino constru...

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