AP Enlightened Despotism

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Enlightened Despotism

What is Enlightened Despotism? <ul><li>a form of absolutism (or despotism) in which rulers were influenced by the Enlighte...

Philosophe’s Influence <ul><li>sought to redirect monarch’s power toward: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>rationalization of economi...

Physiocrats’ Influence <ul><li>Economists of the Enl. </li></ul><ul><li>In France, urged: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Deregulati...

Adam Smith <ul><li>Scottish physiocrat </li></ul><ul><li>Wealth of Nations </li></ul><ul><li>Encouraged “laissez-faire” (h...

Enlightened Despots <ul><li>Tended to allow: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>religious toleration </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>freedo...

Not So Enlightened Despot

Louis XV <ul><li>r. 1715-1774 </li></ul><ul><li>Great-grandson of Louis XIV </li></ul><ul><li>Cardinal Fleury (chief minis...

Attempts at Enlightenment <ul><li>Parlements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Replaced w/ courts where judges could not own, sell, or...

Louis XVI <ul><li>r. 1774-1791 </li></ul><ul><li>Restored old parlements </li></ul><ul><li>Jacques Turgot = chief financia...

Turgot’s Reforms <ul><li>Edicts that: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Freed grain trade </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Suppressed guild...

Turgot’s Reforms (cont.) <ul><li>Tried to introduce elected local assemblies to make gov’t more representative </li></ul><...

Enlightened Despots

Frederick the Great King of Prussia not the mall…

Frederick II of Prussia <ul><li>r. 1740-1786 </li></ul><ul><li>AKA Frederick the Great </li></ul><ul><li>Self-described “...

Economic Policies <ul><li>Silesia = manufacturing district </li></ul><ul><li>State-initiated agricultural improvements: </...

However… <ul><li>Peasants still burdened by disproportionate taxes </li></ul>

Non-Economic Policies <ul><li>Religious Toleration </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Catholics & Jews allowed to settle in predominate...

Non-Econ. Policies (cont.) <ul><li>Rationalization of Legal System </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Efficiency </li></ul></ul><ul><ul...

Education Reform <ul><li>School Code of 1763 </li></ul><ul><ul><li>All kids 5-13 must go to school </li></ul></ul>

Expansion <ul><li>1 st Partition of Poland (1772) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Split 1/3 of Poland-Lithuania’s territory & ½ it...

Joseph II King of Austria

Joseph II of Austria <ul><li>r. 1780-1790 </li></ul><ul><li>Co-ruled w/mom, Maria-Theresa from 1765 until her death in 178...

Joseph II <ul><li>impersonal & humorless </li></ul><ul><li>wanted to improve life for his people </li></ul>

Centralization of Authority <ul><li>Austria  very diverse </li></ul><ul><li>Maria-Theresa began some Enl. policies such...

Maria-Theresa (cont.) <ul><li>Expanded primary education </li></ul><ul><ul><li>1774 – General School Ordinance = state sub...

Maria-Theresa (cont.) <ul><li>Limited the amount of labor that landowners could demand from peasants </li></ul><ul><li>Goa...

Joseph II’s Reforms <ul><li>Wanted to </li></ul><ul><ul><li>extend his borders </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>exert his autho...

Joe’s Reforms (cont.) <ul><li>Tried to est. German as sole language of the empire (irrational not to all speak the same l...

Joseph & the Church <ul><li>Favored toleration </li></ul><ul><ul><li>October 1781 - Toleration Decree </li></ul></ul><ul><...

Joseph & Church (cont.) <ul><ul><li>Jews: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Relieved of certain taxes & signs of personal deg...

More Joseph & Church <ul><li>Sought to bring institutions of the Roman Catholic Church under his control (“Josephinism”) <...

Even More Joseph & the Church <ul><li>Dissolved est. R-C Seminaries (too much focus on Pope, not enough on parishners) & r...

Joseph’s Economic Reforms <ul><li>Abolished internal tariffs </li></ul><ul><li>Encouraged building of new roads </li></ul>...

Economic Reforms (cont.) <ul><li>Created laws to limit authority of landowners over peasants </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Abolish...

The BIG Economic Reform… <ul><li>Land Taxation (GASP!!) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>All landowners  pay taxes </li></ul></ul>...

Catherine the Great Empress of Russia

Catherine The Great <ul><li>r. 1762-1796 </li></ul><ul><li>Germanic Princess & wife/widow of Peter III </li></ul><ul><li>A...

Catherine the Great <ul><li>Enl. ideas convinced her that Russia was backward </li></ul><ul><li>Brought West to Russia </l...

1767 Legislative Commission <ul><li>564 Delegates from all walks of life </li></ul><ul><li>Goal = suggest legal reforms (g...

Pugachev Rebellion <ul><li>1771-1775 </li></ul><ul><li>Most violent peasant uprising in Russian history </li></ul><ul><li>...

CTG’s Legislative Reforms <ul><li>Power to nobility </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Had power to oust her, so she made friends with ...

CTG’s Economic Reforms <ul><li>Cont. PTG’s mercantile ideas </li></ul><ul><li>Expansion of the small Russian urban middle ...

CTG’s Territorial Reforms <ul><li>Cont. drive for warm water ports (fought Ottoman Empire) </li></ul><ul><li>1774 Treaty o...

CTG’s Social Reforms <ul><li>Created hospitals & orphanages </li></ul><ul><li>Limited religious toleration </li></ul><ul><...

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