AP Enlightenment Politics & Philosophy

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The Enlightenment Politics & Philosophy

Political Enlightenment

Three Themes in the Political Realm <ul><li>Property </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Central feature </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Give...

Political Philosophes

John Locke 1632-1704 <ul><li>Two Treatises of Civil Government (1690) </li></ul>

Locke’s Philosophy <ul><li>Individual must become a “rational creature” </li></ul><ul><li>Virtue can be learned & practice...

Locke’s Philosophy (cont.) <ul><li>Legislators owe power to a contract with the people </li></ul><ul><li>Neither kings nor...

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) <ul><li>Spirit of the Law ( 1748) </li></ul><ul><li>“ Countries are well-cultivated, no...

Montesquieu’s Philosophy <ul><li>England’s government = model: </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>The separation of powers </li></...

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 <ul><li>The Social Contract (1762) </li></ul>

Rousseau’s Philosophy <ul><ul><li>Tabula Rasa (blank slate) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Best traits of human character are ...

Rousseau (cont.) <ul><li>The Social Contract: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>right kind of political order could make people truly ...

Rousseau - Social Contract (cont.) <ul><ul><li>Individuals could do this by entering into a social contract - not w/ thei...

Philosophical Enlightenment

Marquis de Condorcet 1743-1794 <ul><li>Progress of the Human Mind (1794) </li></ul>

Condorcet’s Philosophy <ul><li>Expectation of universal happiness </li></ul><ul><li>Individuals guided by reason could enj...

Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 <ul><li>Critique of Pure Reason (1781) </li></ul>

Kant’s Philosophy <ul><li>Investigated the structure & limitations of reason </li></ul><ul><li>Created a compromise betwee...

Denis Diderot 1713-1784 <ul><li>The Encyclopedia (1751) </li></ul><ul><li>(coauthor: Jean le Rond d’Alembert) </li></ul>

Diderot’s Encyclopédie <ul><li>Complete cycle of knowledge that changed the general way of thinking </li></ul><ul><li>28 v...

Voltaire 1694-1778 <ul><li>François Marie Arouet </li></ul><ul><li>Candide (1759) </li></ul><ul><li>Known for sharp wit t...

Voltaire (cont.) <ul><li>Wrote plays, novels, poetry, essays, & letters </li></ul><ul><li>Fierce defender of civil liberti...

Voltaire’s Words of Wisdom <ul><li>“ Every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do.” </li></ul><ul><li>“ God is a come...

Voltaire (cont.) <ul><li>Life (video) </li></ul><ul><li>Last words </li></ul>

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