AP Society During L'Ancien Régime

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L’Ancien Régime 17 th - 18 th C. European Society

Agriculture

18 th C. Agriculture <ul><li>Start of 1700’s – bad situation: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>80% of W. European’s livelihoods = ag...

The Agricultural Revolution <ul><ul><li>Ca. 1650-1850 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Characterized by: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul>...

Improvements <ul><li>Eliminate fallow  alternate grain w/ nitrogen-storing crops </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Result = more fe...

Enclosure Movement <ul><li>Fence in fields </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Result = hurt peasants who relied on common fields (many...

Leaders <ul><li>Dutch </li></ul><ul><li>English </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Jethro Tull (1674-1741) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul>...

Industry

Industrious Revolution <ul><li>The shift (17 th /18 th C.) as families in NW Europe focused on earning wages instead of p...

Population Growth <ul><li>1720-1789 </li></ul><ul><li>Main cause: Decline in mortality </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Steady food...

Rural Industry <ul><li>Pop growth  more rural workers w/ no land  rural industry dev. </li></ul><ul><li>Cottage Ind...

Life as a Rural Textile Worker <ul><li>Small space – single room = workshop, kitchen & bedroom </li></ul><ul><li>Family w...

Spinning Jenny <ul><li>Thomas Hargreaves (English weaver) </li></ul><ul><li>Single wheel turn </li></ul><ul><li>operated 8...

Women & Industry <ul><li>Women faced: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Difficult conditions </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Lower wages <...

Marriage & Family

Marriage <ul><li>Late marriage (avg. age = 25-27) </li></ul><ul><li>10-20% never married </li></ul><ul><li>Reason: </li></...

Work Away from Home <ul><li>Boys </li></ul><ul><ul><li>@ apx. 16 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Apprenticeship in city </li></...

Girls Away from Home <ul><li>Girls </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Fewer opportunities (trend changes in 18 th C) </li></ul></ul><u...

Children <ul><li>Avg. woman – birthed 6+ children </li></ul><ul><li>High infant (& mother) mortality </li></ul>

Breastfeeding <ul><li>Poor </li></ul><ul><ul><li>nursed 2+ yrs (limited pregnancy) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Saved lives...

Wet-Nursing <ul><li>Widespread business of 18 th C. </li></ul><ul><li>Often cared for child </li></ul><ul><li>Exp. commo...

Foundlings & Infanticide <ul><li>Limited options for unwanted pregnancies </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Abortion = illegal & very ...

18 th C. Wars

War of Austrian Succession <ul><li>1740-1748 </li></ul><ul><li>See Timeline </li></ul>

Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 <ul><li>Reversal of longstanding diplomatic alliances </li></ul><ul><li>What was : France...

Seven Years War <ul><li>1756-1763 </li></ul><ul><li>Began  Prussia invaded/defeated Saxony </li></ul><ul><li>Global con...

Seven Years War <ul><li>1757: Austria declared war on Prussia </li></ul><ul><li>GB and France – most fighting in colonies ...

Seven Years War <ul><li>1762 – Peter III ascended Russian throne  changed sides </li></ul><ul><li>Treaty of Paris (1763...

Seven Years War - Outcomes <ul><li>GB = greatest colonial power </li></ul><ul><li>Prussia = greatest continental Euro powe...

The Enlightenment "Écrasons l'Infâme!” ( Let us crush the vile thing!) ~Voltaire

What is The Enlightenment? <ul><li>A philosophical movement of the 18 th C. that: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Stressed human re...

Origins of The Enlightenment <ul><li>Direct product of the Scientific Revolution </li></ul><ul><li>The SR: </li></ul><ul><...

Who? <ul><li>Predominately </li></ul><ul><ul><li>bourgeoisie (middle class) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>aristocracy </li></...

What is a Philosophe? <ul><li>“ free thinker” (French) </li></ul><ul><li>Students of society who analyzed its evils and ad...

Enlightenment & Religion <ul><li>Pre-Enlightenment </li></ul><ul><ul><li>human nature = sinful </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>...

Deism <ul><li>The belief in the: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>existence of a God or supreme being </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>natu...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>Rationalism - reason is the answer to all things </li></ul>

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>Rationalism - reason is the answer to all things </li></ul><ul><li>Secularism...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>Rationalism - reason is the answer to all things </li></ul><ul><li>Secularism...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>Rationalism - reason is the answer to all things </li></ul><ul><li>Secularism...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>Rationalism - reason is the answer to all things </li></ul><ul><li>Secularism...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>4. Freedom - of thought & expression; liberty to all </li></ul><ul><li>5. Edu...

Characteristics of the Enlightenment <ul><li>4. Freedom - thought & expression; liberty to all </li></ul><ul><li>5. Educat...

Emergence of a Print Culture <ul><li>A critical element of spreading Enlightenment ideas was through print </li></ul><ul><...

Literacy During the Enlightenment <ul><li>This explosion of a massive print culture was both the cause and the effect of t...

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