Tutorial on Semantic Digital Libraries (WWW'2007)

Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries - Introduction - Sebastian R. Kruk, Stefan Decker, Bernhard Haslhofer, Predrag Kneževic, Sandy Payette, Dean Krafft Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [1]
2. Slide 2: Tutorial overview • Who we are – Sebastian R. Kruk, DERI Galway – Ireland – Stefan Decker, DERI Galway – Ireland – Bernhard Haslhofer, University of Vienna - Austria – Predrag Knezevic, Fraunhofer IPSI – Germany – Sandy Payette, Cornell University, USA – Dean Krafft, NSDL, USA • In the next 3,5 hours we want to – give you a brief introduction to the Semantic Web, and show how SW is related to digital libraries – present existing semantic digital library systems – discuss the current problems and future directions of semantic digital libraries and get feedback from you • After this tutorial you will know – what is the semantic digital library system – existing solutions in various degrees of detail Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [2]
3. Slide 3: Tutorial Schedule Time 1:30 - 2:15 Introduction to Semantic Digital 2:15 - 3:00 Existing Solutions - JeromeDL Libraries 3:00 - 3:15 Coffee break 3:15 - 4:30 Existing Semantic Digital Libraries solutions 4:30 - 5:00 Conclusions, discussion & future (BRICKS, FEDORA, SIMILE) of SemDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [3]
4. Slide 4: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction • Current Web vs. Semantic Web? – An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. [Tim Berners-Lee] – Current Web was designed for humans, and there is little information usable for machines • Was the Web meant to be more? – Objects with well defined attributes as opposed to untyped hyperlinks between Internet resources – A network of relationships amongst named objects, yielding unified information management tasks • What do you mean by “Semantic”? – the semantics of something is the meaning of something – Semantic Web is able to describe things in a way that computers can understand Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [4]
5. Slide 5: Outline Introduction to Semantic Web Semantic Digital Libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [5]
6. Slide 6: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction Where are we in the You “Semantic Web Are layer cake”? Here! Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [6]
7. Slide 7: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction The challenge for the Semantic Web – The Semantic Web can’t work all by itself – For example, it is not very likely that you will be able to sell your car just by putting your RDF file on the Web – Need society-scale applications: Semantic Web agents and/or services, consumers and processors for semantic data, more advanced collaborative applications Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [7]
8. Slide 8: The Semantic Web – What is RDF ? Describing things on the Semantic Web – RDF (Resource Description Framework) • a data format for describing information and resources, • the fundamental data model for the Semantic Web – Using RDF, we can describe relationships between things like: • A is a part of B or • Y is a member of Z • and their properties (size, weight, age, price…) in a machine- understandable format where each thing has a – RDF graph-based model delivers straightforward machine processing – Putting information into RDF files makes it possible for “scutters” or RDF crawlers to search, discover, pick up, collect, analyse and process information from the Web Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [8]
9. Slide 9: The Semantic Web – What is RDF ? A simple RDF example – Statement: “Stefan Decker is the creator of the resource (web page) http://www.stefandecker.org” – Structure: Resource (subject) http://www.stefandecker.org Property (predicate) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator Value (object) “Stefan Decker” – Directed graph: dc:creator Stefan Decker http://www.stefandecker.org Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [9]
10. Slide 10: The Semantic Web – How RDF can help us? How RDF can help us? • identify objects • establish relationships • express a new relationship just add a new RDF statement • integrate information from different sources  copy all the RDF data together • RDF allows many points of view Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [10]
11. Slide 11: The Semantic Web – Ontologies and Schemata • What is an Ontology? „An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization.“ Tom Gruber, 1993 • Ontologies are social contracts – Agreed, explicit semantics – Understandable to outsiders – (Often) derived in a community process • Ontology markup and representation languages: – RDF and RDF Schema – OWL – Other: DAML+OIL, EER, UML, Topic Maps, MOF, XML Schemas Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [11]
12. Slide 12: The Semantic Web – RDF Schema • Defines small vocabulary for RDF: – Class, subClassOf, type – Property, subPropertyOf – domain, range • Vocabulary can be used to define other vocabularies for your application domain Person subClassOf subClassOf range domain Student Researcher hasSupe rViso r type type Frank Jeen hasSupe rViso r Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [12]
13. Slide 13: The Semantic Web – OWL OWL – The Web Ontology Language Owl took Christopher Robin’s notice from Rabbit and looked at it nervously. He could spell his own name WOL, and he could spell Tuesday so that you knew it wasn’t Wednesday, and he could read quite comfortably when you weren’t looking over his shoulder and saying \"Well?\" all the time... • provides a vocabulary for defining classes, their properties and their relationships among classes. • Based on Description Animal Logics s s Herbivor • OWL is a W3C Carnivore e owl:disjointWith Recommendation s s Omnivore Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [13]
14. Slide 14: The Semantic Web – Applications • Semantic Web cannot be and is not only a set of recommendations • Semantic Web is becoming reality by applications that support it and are based on it • Enabling technologies: – RDF Storages: Sesame, Jena, YARS – Reasoners: KAON, Racer – Editors: Protege, SWOOP, MarcOnt Portal • End-User applications: – Semantic wikis: Makna, SemperWiki – Semantic blogs – Semantic digital libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [14]
15. Slide 15: Outline Introduction to Semantic Web Semantic Digital Libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [15]
16. Slide 16: What is a Semantic Digital Library? Semantic digital libraries – integrate information based on different metadata, e.g.: resources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomies – high quality semantics = highly and meaningfully connected information – provide interoperability with other systems (not only digital libraries) on either metadata or communication level or both – RDF as common denominator between digital libraries and other services – delivering more robust, user friendly and adaptable search and browsing interfaces empowered by semantics Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [16]
17. Slide 17: Evolution of Libraries Social Semantic Digital Library Involves the community into sharing knowledge Semantic Digital Library Accessible by machines, not only with machines Digital Library Online, easy searching with a full-text index Library Organized collection Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [17]
18. Slide 18: Different Kind of Libraries (Evolution of Libraries) • Classic libraries • Scientific libraries • Digital libraries • Semantic libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [18]
19. Slide 19: How are Semantic Digital Libraries different? Semantic digital libraries extend digital libraries by – describing and exposing its resources in a machine ‘understandable’ way – resources can be • contents, digital artefacts • organization of objects (e.g. collections) • users, user communities • controlled vocabularies, thesauri, taxonomies – expose the semantics of their metadata in terms of an ontology • defined using a formal language – deliver mediation services for communication with other systems Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [19]
20. Slide 20: Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Metadata is the key concept • the Web does not have metadata – the idea of a Semantic Web is nice but difficult to implement • many digital libraries do have metadata in place • we simply must make them available in a machine understandable format • the Semantic Web provides the format: RDF Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [20]
21. Slide 21: Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Knowledge in bibliographic records • Digital Libraries already have controlled vocabularies, taxonomies or even ontologies in place • the challenge is to model this knowledge in a machine understandable way • the Semantic Web provides ontology languages: – RDF Schema – OWL – SKOS Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [21]
22. Slide 22: A Sample Bibliographic Record Classification Paintings Object/Work type paintings Title Irises Creation-Creator/Role Vincent van Gogh; painter: Gogh, Vincent van (Dutch painter, 1853- 1890) Creation-Date 1889, earliest: 1889, latest: 1889 Subject-Matter irises, nature, soil, etc. Terms taken from Controlled Current Location- J. Paul Getty Museum Repository Name Vocabularies Copyright 2000 The J. Paul Getty Trust & College Art Association, Inc. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [22]
23. Slide 23: Knowledge Organization Systems • tools that present the organized interpretation of knowledge structures • semantic tools - meaning of words and other symbols as well as (semantic) relations between symbols and concept • organize information and promote knowledge management • Examples: – classification and categorization schemata (organize materials at a general level) – subject headings (provide more detailed access) – authority files (control variant versions of key information such as geographic names and personal names) – highly structured vocabularies, such as thesauri – traditional schemes, such as semantic networks and ontologies Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [23]
24. Slide 24: Taxonomy of Knowledge Organization Systems • Term Lists – Authority files (FOAF) – Glossaries – Dictionaries – Gazetteers • Classifications and Categories (DMoz) – Subject headings – Classification schemes – Taxonomies – Categorization Schemes. • Relationship Lists – Thesauri (WordNet, MeSH) – Semantic networks – Ontologies (Hodge, 2000) Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [24]
25. Slide 25: Simple Knowledge Organization Systems (SKOS) • basic structure and content of concept schemes such as – thesauri, – classification schemes, – subject heading lists, – taxonomies, – 'folksonomies', – other types of controlled vocabulary • core concepts: – narrower and broader – isSubjectOf and subject; isPrimarySubjectOf and primarySubject – member and Collection; memberList and OrderedCollection – related and semanticRelation – note, definition; altLabel and prefLabel; symbol and altSymbol Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [25]
26. Slide 26: Benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries Problems of today’s libraries • rapidly growing islands of highly organized information – How to find things in a growing information space? • is it enough to have a full-text index (à la Google)? • typical “end-users” versus “expert users” • converging digital library systems – e.g. uniform access to Europe’s digital libraries and cultural heritage Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [26]
27. Slide 27: Benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries The two main benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries • new search paradigms for the information space – Ontology-based search / facet search – Community-enabled browsing • providing interoperability on the data level – integrating metadata from various heterogeneous sources – Interconnecting different digital library systems Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [27]
28. Slide 28: Searching the Sample Bibliographic Record • Full-text search Classification Paintings – “Paintings” AND “Van Gogh” Object/Work type paintings AND “flowers”  no result Title Irises • Semantic query Creation- Vincent van Gogh; painter: Creator/Role Gogh, Vincent van (Dutch – if the knowledge that “irises” painter, 1853-1890) are “flowers” is modeled in an ontology (e.g. subclass- Creation-Date 1889, earliest: 1889, latest: hierarchy) 1889 – we can query for all “Paintings” by “Van Gogh” Subject-Matter irises, nature, soil, etc. with subject “flowers” and retrieve also the picture with subject “irises” Current Location- J. Paul Getty Museum Repository Name Copyright 2000 The J. Paul Getty Trust & College Art Association, Inc. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [28]
29. Slide 29: Semantic Digital Libraries and Existing DL Systems • how to handle the legacy (meta-)data problem • lifting existing (meta-)data to a semantic level – simple solutions like MARC21 DublinCore – complex ontologies like MarcOnt Ontology for capturing concepts from different standards • legacy libraries expose their metadata via well established protocols - the metadata can be imported into semantic DLs • semantic DLs can play a role of integration champions in the information retrieval process in heterogeneous networks: – OAI-PMH – Z39.50 – Dienst Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [29]
30. Slide 30: Application Areas for Semantic Web Technologies • Thesauri & Controlled Vocabularies – qualified DublinCore – DMoz, DDC-based taxonomies – SKOS, WordNet and other thesauri • Schema Mappings / Crosswalks – MarcOnt Ontology – aims to cover concepts from MARC21, BibTeX and DublinCore – MarcOnt Mediation Services – an open mediation framework between common legacy metadata standards • Metadata Integration – RDF as a common data model for integrating metadata from various autonomous and heterogeneous data sources – OWL for modeling the data source’s semantics – SPARQL as a common query language Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [30]
31. Slide 31: Semantic DL as Evolving Knowledge Space • In state-of-the-art digital libraries users are consumers – Retrieve contents based on available bibliographic records • Recent trends: user communities – Connetea – Flickr • In Semantic digital libraries users are contributers as well – Tagging (Web 2.0) – Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering – Annotations • Semantic Digital libraries enforce the transition from a static information to a dynamic (collaborative) knowledge space Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [31]
32. Slide 32: Existing Semantic Digital Library Systems • JeromeDL – a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability • BRICKS – aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain. • FEDORA – delivers flexible service-oriented architecture to managing and delivering content in the form of digital objects • SIMILE – extends and laverages DSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [32]
33. Slide 33: Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries - Existing Semantic Digital Libraries Solutions – Sebastian R. Kruk, Stefan Decker Predrag Knežević, Bernhard Haslhofer, Sandy Payette, Dean Krafft Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [33]
34. Slide 34: Existing Semantic Digital Library Systems • JeromeDL – a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability • BRICKS – aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain. • FEDORA – delivers flexible service-oriented architecture to managing and delivering content in the form of digital objects • SIMILE – extends and laverages DSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [34]
35. Slide 35: Tutorial 7 – Semantic Digital Libraries - Existing Semantic Digital Libraries Solutions – JeromeDL Sebastian R. Kruk Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [35]
36. Slide 36: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [36]
37. Slide 37: JeromeDL - Introduction • Joint effort of DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway and Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) • Distributed under BSD Open Source license • Digital library build on semantic web technologies to answer requirements from: librarians, scientists and everyone. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [37]
38. Slide 38: JeromeDL – Motivations Use Cases • Librarians: – support for rich metadata (MARC21) in uploading resources, accessing bibliographic information and searching – persistent identifiers • Scientists: – easy publishing (designed as a institute/university digital library) – creating hierarchical networks of digital libraries – support for accessing, sharing and searching using bibliography metadata (BibTeX) • Everyone: – simple search (incl. natural language queries) – community-aware information sharing and browsing, – support for interationalization Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [38]
39. Slide 39: JeromeDL - Motivations • Support for different kinds of bibliographic medatata, like: DublinCore, BibTeX and MARC21 at the same time. – Making use of existing rich sources of bibliographic descriptions (like MARC21) created by human. • Supporting users and communities: – users have control over their profile information; – community-aware profiles are integrated with bibliographic descriptions – support for community generated knowledge • Delivering communication between instances: – P2P mode for searching and users authentication – Hierarchical mode for browsing Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [39]
40. Slide 40: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [40]
41. Slide 41: JeromeDL – Architecture • Resources and annotations repository • Middleware: – query processing – community space – resources management • User interface agents: • Communication to the outside world • Administrative interface Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [41]
42. Slide 42: Bibliographic Description in JeromeDL <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?> 01450cas 922004331i 450000100...019c19329999gw <rdf:Description qr|p| ||||0 |0ger | a0044-2992 rdf:about=\"http://...id=828374765\"> 9a200412140219bVLOADc200404071 <dc:title>JeromeDL - Adding Semantic Web 525dvkulc200310071018dvbjc20030 3101205dkopumky200209211341zVL Technologies to DLs</dc:title> OAD aGD U/MPcGD <dc:creator>Sebastian Kruk</dc:creator> U/MPdGD U/MFdGD U/KKsdWR <dc:description>In recent O/EJ0 ager1 aZ. Kunstgesch. 0aZeitschrift für years...</dc:description> These all can be represented in RDF Kunstgeschichte00aZeitschrift für </rdf:Description> Kunstgeschichte.18aZfK aMünchen ;aBerlin :bDeutscher @InProceedings { jeromedexa2005, Kunstverlag,c1932-. c26-29 cm. author = \"Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and ... \", aKwart.0 a1 Bd. (Juni 1932)-. aOpis na podst.: LCC. aW 1932 title = \"{JeromeDL - Adding Semantic ...}\", założycielami czasopisma byli booktitle = \"{In Proceedings to DEXA 2005}\", Wilhelm Waetzoldt i Ernst Gall.... year = 2005} Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [42]
43. Slide 43: Structure ontology in JeromeDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [43]
44. Slide 44: Bibliographic (MarcOnt) Ontology in JeromeDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [44]
45. Slide 45: Community-aware (FOAFRealm) ontology Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [45]
46. Slide 46: Ontologies in JeromeDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [46]
47. Slide 47: Metadata and Services in JeromeDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [47]
48. Slide 48: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [48]
49. Slide 49: MarcOnt Initiative – Overview Motivation: • Provide set of tools for collaborative ontology development MarcOnt Initiative goals: • Create a framework for collaborative ontology improvement (E-learning) • Provide domain experts with tools to share their knowledge • Offer tools for data mediation between different data formats Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [49]
50. Slide 50: MarcOnt Portal and MarcOnt Ontology MarcOnt Ontology: Initial Ontology  Central point of MarcOnt Initiative Sugested Poposals  Translation and mediation format Versioning  Continuos collaborative ontology Proposal discussion improvement Proposal anotations  Knowledge from the domain experts Proposal autopromoting Proposal voting MarcOnt Portal (source of Next Revision knowledge): MarcOnt Portal • Suggestions • Annotations • Versioning • Ontology editor Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [50]
51. Slide 51: MarcOnt Mediation Services for Legacy Metadata Format translation Format co-operation MarcOnt Ontology MarcOnt RDF MARC21 RDF Dublin Core RDF New format RDF MARC21 XML Dublin Core XML New format XML MARC21 Dublin Core New format MarcOnt Mediation Services RDF Translator Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [51]
52. Slide 52: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [52]
53. Slide 53: Social Services in JeromeDL • Involve users into sharing knowledge – Blogs – comments and discussions about documents and resources – Tagging – collaborative classification – Wikis – collaboratively edited additional descriptions, such as summaries and interesting facts • Preserve knowledge for future use – Users can learn from experience of others instantly – Recommend new, interesting resources based on users’ profiles Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [53]
54. Slide 54: FOAF - Describing Social Networks • FOAF - Stands for Friend-of-a-Friend • Defines properties for a person (but it does not have to be a person, can be an “agent”) • Does not only have to contain one person per file • Can build a network of people with foaf:knows links • FOAF can be easily extended to meet requirements, as in the case of FOAFRealm for identity management… Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [54]
55. Slide 55: Identity management with FOAFRealm • Identity defined with extended FOAF metadata • Policies expressed by social networking – Distance between owner and requester – Friendship level between owner and requester, calculated across digraph of social network • Support for single registration and sign on • Distributed identity management with HyperCuP (“D-FOAF”) • FOAFRealm is currently implemented as a plugin for Tomcat (Realm/Valve implementation), with PHP and .NET versions coming soon Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [55]
56. Slide 56: What is Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering? • Goal: to enhance individual bookmarks with shared knowledge within a community • Users annotate catalogues of bookmarks with semantic information taken from DMoz or WordNet vocabularies • Catalogs can include (transclusion) friend's catalogues • Access to catalogues can be restricted with social networking-based polices • SSCF delivers: – Community-oriented, semantically-rich taxonomies – Information about a user's interest – Flows of expertise from the domain expert – Recommendations based on users previous actions – Support for SIOC metadata Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [56]
57. Slide 57: Example of Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering foaf:knows xfoaf:include xfoaf:bookmark Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [57]
58. Slide 58: Social Networks in Digital Libraries Resourc marcont:hasCreator e creator_A xfoaf:isIn xfoaf:Director xfoaf:Annotation foaf:knows y xfoaf:linksTo xfoaf:owns foaf:knows foaf:knows user_C user_D creator_B Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [58]
59. Slide 59: Support for online communities in SSCF Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [59]
60. Slide 60: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [60]
61. Slide 61: JeromeDL – Delivering Semantic Content • Providing semantic annotations during uploading process: – open module for handling any taxonomies – keywords based on WordNet and free tagging – defining structure of resources in the JeromeDL ontology • Lifting legacy metadata to MarcOnt ontology • Community maintained annotations – social semantic collaborative filtering – semantic descriptions based on the FOAF metadata Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [61]
62. Slide 62: Annotating Library Resources Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [62]
63. Slide 63: JeromeDL – Semantic Information In Use • Searching: – Keyword-based search with semantic query expansion – Semantic search: • Direct RDF quering • Natural language templates • Browsing – Exibit – MultiBeeBrowse • Sharing: – Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering – Semantically Interlinked Online Communities • Heterogeneous communication: – Bibster, A9, OAI-PMH Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [63]
64. Slide 64: Exposing Semantic Annotations Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [64]
65. Slide 65: Filtering Resources in JeromeDL Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [65]
66. Slide 66: Sharing Knowledge with SSCF Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [66]
67. Slide 67: Information Retrieval in JeromeDL local distributed interface interface (typed) collaborative OpenSearch RDF & NL keywords filtering RSS Query types translation semantic query expansion RDF Repositories Secure Snapshot FOAFRealm Resources’ Structure MarcOnt Content Repository Repository Repository Fulltext Index Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [67]
68. Slide 68: Networks of Digital Libraries • ELP (Extensible Library Protocol) implementation – communication within JeromeDL network – adapters for communication with other networks • D-FOAF integration (distributed user profile management) – single sign on and single registration within D-FOAF network • HyperCuP integration (scalable P2P network) 0 • Independent ELP network entry point: 2 2 1 1 http://search.jeromedl.org/ 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [68]
69. Slide 69: Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries - Existing Semantic Digital Libraries Solutions – BRICKS Bernhard Haslhofer Predrag Knežević University of Vienna Fraunhofer IPSI Austria Institute Germany Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [69]
70. Slide 70: Outline BRICKS Overview BRICKS Components BRICKS Applications Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [70]
71. Slide 71: What is BRICKS? • A software infrastructure for building digital library networks – Transparent access to distributed resources – Multilinguality – Easy installation & maintainance • A set of end-user applications – Network & content management – Web 2.0 tagging/annotations – Domain specific applications • A business model – Open source, platform independent – Low cost infrastructure – User communities  sustainability Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [71]
72. Slide 72: BRICKS Architecture • A decentralized P2P network – Avoid central coordination – Highly Scalable, increased reliability – Minimized maintainance costs • Each P2P Node is a set of SOA components – Web Service interface – Platform independent – Flexible composition • Components for – Storing, accessing and protecting digital objects – (Semantic) search & browsing – P2P commmunication Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [72]
73. Slide 73: Accessing Data Workstation User Workstation Workstation BNode User User Workstation User Workstation Austrian Library User Re que st User Request Workstation BNode Studio Azzuro Request Re qu es t st u e Workstation FhG IPSI BNode Workstation q Re User st EMF ue q Re User User Workstation Workstation User Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [73]
74. Slide 74: A Look into a BNode Applications SOAP ses st s equ e po n Networking (TCP/IP) R es t i on R tion ca { lic a Ap pli A pp SOAP DHT Authentication & Pillar Services Decentralized Authorization Management Management Management Management Management Annotation XML Store Collection Metadata Indexing Content DRM User BNode Inter Bnode Communication BNode Fundamental Bricks Core Bricks Basic Bricks Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [74]
75. Slide 75: Outline BRICKS Overview BRICKS Components BRICKS Applications Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [75]
76. Slide 76: Collection Manager • Single access point for all content and metadata related operations (local and remote) • Physical Collection – Similar to folder/directory hierarchy in a file system – Bound to a single BNode – Each digital content object belongs to exactly one collection • Logical Collection – Virtual folder for organizing content items independent of their physical location – Links to content items from various physical collections on different BNodes – A content item might belong to many of them • Stored Query similar to database views Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [76]
77. Slide 77: Content Manager • Two ways to handle content in BRICKS – Stored locally at site of a member party, accessed via URL – Stored within BRICKS • Based on Java Content Repository (JCR) • Provides a meta-content model – Re-use of existing content models – Use standard models Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [77]
78. Slide 78: Metadata Manager OAI-PMH OAI-PMH • Metadata descriptions  RDF Server Harvester – Suitable for any application scenario XML XML Data Transformation – Express relationships between dc.xsl vra.xsl xyz.xsl objects – React to changes without changing System Core RDF/XML the model Schema Manager Validator mapping mapping • Schema defintions  OWL – No fixed schema VRA DC xyz Web Service – Extensible (e.g. Application profiles) API (WSDL) Query – Semantic concepts instead of Adapter Metadata Manager schematic strucutures Metadata Metadata Record Record • SPARQL – Metadata queries over ontology Storage (Jena) File-DB RDB concepts – Queries for graph patterns Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [78]
79. Slide 79: Security Manager • Transparently invoked by the Framework – any service call is checked • Context-aware policies based on RBAC (via XACML rules) – supporting Roles, Groups, at DLObject level • Permission declaration through Javadoc @tags • Federated identity is managed through an adapted version of OpenSAML • Reputation-based Trust calculation integrated • Web-based GUI for security configuration 79 Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [79]
80. Slide 80: Digital Rights Management • DRM Component – Support for licenses based on MPEG-21 REL license declaration standard – Generic API for the integration of commercial DRM systems • Watermarking – Open-source watermarking tool for images – Other tools can be integrated • BRICKS Store web application for commercial content • Creative Commons support for other content in BRICKS 80 Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [80]
81. Slide 81: Outline BRICKS Overview BRICKS Components BRICKS Applications Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [81]
82. Slide 82: Application: BRICKS Workspace • What does it demonstrate? – A web application (thin client) accessing BRICKS Foundation services – Web 2.0 image annotations – Reference application • Primary customers – General end-users (citizens) – Application developers • Technology – Struts based interface to the BCH Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [82]
83. Slide 83: Application: BRICKS Desktop • What does it demonstrate? – A rich client application accessing BRICKS foundation services – Direct access to the BCHN • Primary customers – Expert end-users (researchers, educators) – Application developers • Technology – Eclipse based rich client interface Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [83]
84. Slide 84: Application: Annotation Tool • What does it demonstrate? – Tool which allows end-users to annotate images – Creation of annotation threads – Supervised Annotations • Primary customers – End-users – Institutions with large image collections • Technology – Web Application Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [84]
85. Slide 85: Application: Online Exhibition Authoring Tool • What does it demonstrate? – Creating and publishing online exhibitions using contents that is available in the BRICKS network • Primary customers? – Expert end-users (curators) • Technology – Web Application Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [85]
86. Slide 86: Application: Archeological Finds Identifier • What does it demonstrate? – A web application for comparing findings (e.g. ancient coins) with objects in reference collections – Application of complex domain ontology (CIDOC-CRM) – Map visualization of GIS-Metadata • Primary customers? – Museum curators, archaeologists, students, amateurs, • Technology – Struts based interface Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, May 9, 2007 WWW 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [86]
87. Slide 87: References • Tools and Libraries • BRICKS Community Web Site