Tutorial on Semantic Digital Libraries (ESWC'2007)

Slide 1: Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries - Introduction - Sebastian R. Kruk, Bernhard Haslhofer, Philipp Nußbaumer, Sandy Payette, Tomasz Woroniecki Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [1]

Slide 2: Tutorial overview • Who we are – Sebastian R. Kruk, DERI Galway – Ireland – Bernhard Haslhofer, University of Vienna - Austria – Phillip Nußbaumer, Research Studios - Austria – Sandy Payette, Cornell University – USA – Tomasz Woroniecki, DERI Galway – Ireland • Today we want to – give you a brief introduction to the Semantic Web, and show how SW is related to digital libraries – present existing semantic digital library systems – discuss the current problems and future directions of semantic digital libraries and get feedback from you • After this tutorial you will know – what is the semantic digital library system – existing solutions in various degrees of detail – how to run semantic digital library solutions on your machine Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [2]

Slide 3: Tutorial Schedule Time 9:00 - 9:45 Introduction to Semantic Digital 9:45 – 10:30 Existing solutions - JeromeDL Libraries 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 - 12:15 Existing Semantic Digital 12:15 – 12:30 Comparison and the future of Libraries solutions 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break SemDL 14:00 – 15:30 Hands-on session (part I) 15:30 – 16:00 Coffee break 16:00 – 16:45 Hands-on session (part II) 16:45 - 17:30 Conclusions, discussion Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [3]

Slide 4: Outline Introduction to Semantic Web Semantic Digital Libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [4]

Slide 5: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction • Current Web vs. Semantic Web? – An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. [Tim Berners-Lee] – Current Web was designed for humans, and there is little information usable for machines • Was the Web meant to be more? – Objects with well defined attributes as opposed to untyped hyperlinks between Internet resources – A network of relationships amongst named objects, yielding unified information management tasks • What do you mean by “Semantic”? – the semantics of something is the meaning of something – Semantic Web is able to describe things in a way that computers can understand Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [5]

Slide 6: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction Where are we in the You “Semantic Web Are layer cake”? Here! Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [6]

Slide 7: The Semantic Web – A Brief Introduction The challenge for the Semantic Web – The Semantic Web can’t work all by itself – For example, it is not very likely that you will be able to sell your car just by putting your RDF file on the Web – Need society-scale applications: Semantic Web agents and/or services, consumers and processors for semantic data, more advanced collaborative applications Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [7]

Slide 8: The Semantic Web – What is RDF ? Describing things on the Semantic Web – RDF (Resource Description Framework) • a data format for describing information and resources, • the fundamental data model for the Semantic Web – Using RDF, we can describe relationships between things like: • A is a part of B or • Y is a member of Z • and their properties (size, weight, age, price…) in a machine- understandable format where each thing has a – RDF graph-based model delivers straightforward machine processing – Putting information into RDF files makes it possible for “scutters” or RDF crawlers to search, discover, pick up, collect, analyse and process information from the Web Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [8]

Slide 9: The Semantic Web – What is RDF ? A simple RDF example – Statement: “Stefan Decker is the creator of the resource (web page) http://www.stefandecker.org” – Structure: Resource (subject) http://www.stefandecker.org Property (predicate) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator Value (object) “Stefan Decker” – Directed graph: dc:creator Stefan Decker http://www.stefandecker.org Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [9]

Slide 10: The Semantic Web – How RDF can help us? How RDF can help us? • identify objects • establish relationships • express a new relationship just add a new RDF statement • integrate information from different sources  copy all the RDF data together • RDF allows many points of view Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [10]

Slide 11: The Semantic Web – Ontologies and Schemata • What is an Ontology? „An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization.“ Tom Gruber, 1993 • Ontologies are social contracts – Agreed, explicit semantics – Understandable to outsiders – (Often) derived in a community process • Ontology markup and representation languages: – RDF and RDF Schema – OWL – Other: DAML+OIL, EER, UML, Topic Maps, MOF, XML Schemas Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [11]

Slide 12: The Semantic Web – RDF Schema • Defines small vocabulary for RDF: – Class, subClassOf, type – Property, subPropertyOf – domain, range • Vocabulary can be used to define other vocabularies for your application domain Person subClassOf subClassOf range domain Student Researcher hasSupe rViso r type type Frank Jeen hasSupe rViso r Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [12]

Slide 13: The Semantic Web – OWL OWL – The Web Ontology Language Owl took Christopher Robin’s notice from Rabbit and looked at it nervously. He could spell his own name WOL, and he could spell Tuesday so that you knew it wasn’t Wednesday, and he could read quite comfortably when you weren’t looking over his shoulder and saying \"Well?\" all the time... • provides a vocabulary for defining classes, their properties and their relationships among classes. • Based on Description Animal Logics s s Herbivor • OWL is a W3C Carnivore e owl:disjointWith Recommendation s s Omnivore Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [13]

Slide 14: The Semantic Web – Applications • Semantic Web cannot be and is not only a set of recommendations • Semantic Web is becoming reality by applications that support it and are based on it • Enabling technologies: – RDF Storages: Sesame, Jena, YARS – Reasoners: KAON, Racer – Editors: Protege, SWOOP, MarcOnt Portal • End-User applications: – Semantic wikis: Makna, SemperWiki – Semantic blogs – Semantic digital libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [14]

Slide 15: Outline Introduction to Semantic Web Semantic Digital Libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [15]

Slide 16: What is a Semantic Digital Library? Semantic digital libraries – integrate information based on different metadata, e.g.: resources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomies – high quality semantics = highly and meaningfully connected information – provide interoperability with other systems (not only digital libraries) on either metadata or communication level or both – RDF as common denominator between digital libraries and other services – delivering more robust, user friendly and adaptable search and browsing interfaces empowered by semantics Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [16]

Slide 17: Old days of hard-copy books • Library: – Archive (storage space) – Bibliographic cards (metadata) – Librarian (interface) • Pros: – Someone to talk to, to understand us, to explain, help in searching • Cons: – Based on physical location – Libraries are not connected – we have to visit every place Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [17]

Slide 18: Yesterday of digital books • Digital library – Database and archive (storage) – Digital bibliographic descriptions (metadata) – Full-text search (interface) • Pros: – Content accessible online – Federations of libraries – visit less places • Cons: – Lonely user - no one to talk to, we need to find the right keywords, what if we do not know them (“man without an ear” paintings example) – Still many problems with interconnecting (different) libraries Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [18]

Slide 19: Today of interconnected content • Semantic Digital Libraries – Database and archive (storage) – Semantic bibliographic description (interconnected metadata) – Search and browsing on ontologies (interface) • Pros: – Search and browsing based on semantics can help in substituting the librarian – It is easier to interconnect heterogeneous libraries (RDF as common denominator) • Cons: – Semantics created from legacy formats – still hard to capture by most of average users Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [19]

Slide 20: Tomorrow of social media • Social Semantic Digital Libraries – Database and archive (storage) – Bibliographic descriptions with annotations provided by users (metadata) – Collaborative search and browsing (interface) • Pros: – Users contribute to the classification process – Users can understand community driven annotations – Users enhance digital content using blogs, wikis on the side • Cons: – Not everyone is convinced Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [20]

Slide 21: How are Semantic Digital Libraries different? Semantic digital libraries extend digital libraries by – describing and exposing its resources in a machine ‘understandable’ way – resources can be • contents, digital artefacts • organization of objects (e.g. collections) • users, user communities • controlled vocabularies, thesauri, taxonomies – expose the semantics of their metadata in terms of an ontology • defined using a formal language – deliver mediation services for communication with other systems Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [21]

Slide 22: Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Metadata is the key concept • the Web does not have metadata – the idea of a Semantic Web is nice but difficult to implement • many digital libraries do have metadata in place • we simply must make them available in a machine understandable format • the Semantic Web provides the format: RDF Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [22]

Slide 23: Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Knowledge in bibliographic records • Digital Libraries already have controlled vocabularies, taxonomies or even ontologies in place • the challenge is to model this knowledge in a machine understandable way • the Semantic Web provides ontology languages: – RDF Schema – OWL – SKOS Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [23]

Slide 24: A Sample Bibliographic Record Classification Paintings Object/Work type paintings Title Irises Creation-Creator/Role Vincent van Gogh; painter: Gogh, Vincent van (Dutch painter, 1853- 1890) Creation-Date 1889, earliest: 1889, latest: 1889 Subject-Matter irises, nature, soil, etc. Terms taken from Controlled Current Location- J. Paul Getty Museum Repository Name Vocabularies Copyright 2000 The J. Paul Getty Trust & College Art Association, Inc. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [24]

Slide 25: Knowledge Organization Systems • tools that present the organized interpretation of knowledge structures • semantic tools - meaning of words and other symbols as well as (semantic) relations between symbols and concept • organize information and promote knowledge management • Examples: – classification and categorization schemata (organize materials at a general level) – subject headings (provide more detailed access) – authority files (control variant versions of key information such as geographic names and personal names) – highly structured vocabularies, such as thesauri – traditional schemes, such as semantic networks and ontologies Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [25]

Slide 26: Taxonomy of Knowledge Organization Systems • Term Lists – Authority files (FOAF) – Glossaries – Dictionaries – Gazetteers • Classifications and Categories (DMoz) – Subject headings – Classification schemes – Taxonomies – Categorization Schemes. • Relationship Lists – Thesauri (WordNet, MeSH) – Semantic networks – Ontologies (Hodge, 2000) Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [26]

Slide 27: Understanding Knowledge Organization Systems • controlled vocabulary - a list of terms that have been enumerated explicitly • taxonomy - a collection of controlled vocabulary terms organized into a hierarchical structure. • formal ontology – a controlled vocabulary expressed in an ontology representation language. This language has a grammar for using vocabulary terms to express something meaningful within a specified domain of interest. • meta-model - an explicit model of the constructs and rules needed to build specific models within a domain of interest. A valid meta-model is an ontology, but not all ontologies are modeled explicitly as meta-models. – as a set of building blocks and rules used to build models – as a model of a domain of interest, and – as an instance of another model. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [27]

Slide 28: Simple Knowledge Organization Systems (SKOS) • basic structure and content of concept schemes such as – thesauri, – classification schemes, – subject heading lists, – taxonomies, – 'folksonomies', – other types of controlled vocabulary • core concepts: – narrower and broader – isSubjectOf and subject; isPrimarySubjectOf and primarySubject – member and Collection; memberList and OrderedCollection – related and semanticRelation – note, definition; altLabel and prefLabel; symbol and altSymbol Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [28]

Slide 29: Benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries Problems of today’s libraries • rapidly growing islands of highly organized information – How to find things in a growing information space? • is it enough to have a full-text index (à la Google)? • typical “end-users” versus “expert users” • converging digital library systems – e.g. uniform access to Europe’s digital libraries and cultural heritage Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [29]

Slide 30: Benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries The two main benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries • new search paradigms for the information space – Ontology-based search / facet search – Community-enabled browsing • providing interoperability on the data level – integrating metadata from various heterogeneous sources – Interconnecting different digital library systems Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [30]

Slide 31: Searching the Sample Bibliographic Record • Full-text search Classification Paintings – “Paintings” AND “Van Gogh” Object/Work type paintings AND “flowers”  no result Title Irises • Semantic query Creation- Vincent van Gogh; painter: Creator/Role Gogh, Vincent van (Dutch – if the knowledge that “irises” painter, 1853-1890) are “flowers” is modeled in an ontology (e.g. subclass- Creation-Date 1889, earliest: 1889, latest: hierarchy) 1889 – we can query for all “Paintings” by “Van Gogh” Subject-Matter irises, nature, soil, etc. with subject “flowers” and retrieve also the picture with subject “irises” Current Location- J. Paul Getty Museum Repository Name Copyright 2000 The J. Paul Getty Trust & College Art Association, Inc. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [31]

Slide 32: Semantic Digital Libraries and Existing DL Systems • how to handle the legacy (meta-)data problem • lifting existing (meta-)data to a semantic level – simple solutions like MARC21 DublinCore – complex ontologies like MarcOnt Ontology for capturing concepts from different standards • legacy libraries expose their metadata via well established protocols - the metadata can be imported into semantic DLs • semantic DLs can play a role of integration champions in the information retrieval process in heterogeneous networks: – OAI-PMH – Z39.50 – Dienst Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [32]

Slide 33: Application Areas for Semantic Web Technologies • Thesauri & Controlled Vocabularies – qualified DublinCore – DMoz, DDC-based taxonomies – SKOS, WordNet and other thesauri • Schema Mappings / Crosswalks – MarcOnt Ontology – aims to cover concepts from MARC21, BibTeX and DublinCore – MarcOnt Mediation Services – an open mediation framework between common legacy metadata standards • Metadata Integration – RDF as a common data model for integrating metadata from various autonomous and heterogeneous data sources – OWL for modeling the data source’s semantics – SPARQL as a common query language Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [33]

Slide 34: Semantic DL as Evolving Knowledge Space • In state-of-the-art digital libraries users are consumers – Retrieve contents based on available bibliographic records • Recent trends: user communities – Connetea – Flickr • In Semantic digital libraries users are contributers as well – Tagging (Web 2.0) – Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering – Annotations • Semantic Digital libraries enforce the transition from a static information to a dynamic (collaborative) knowledge space Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [34]

Slide 35: Existing Semantic Digital Library Systems • JeromeDL – a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability • BRICKS – aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain. • FEDORA – delivers flexible service-oriented architecture to managing and delivering content in the form of digital objects • SIMILE – extends and laverages DSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [35]

Slide 36: Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries - Existing Semantic Digital Libraries Solutions - Sebastian R. Kruk, Bernhard Haslhofer, Philipp Nußbaumer, Sandy Payette, Tomasz Woroniecki Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [36]

Slide 37: Existing Semantic Digital Library Systems • JeromeDL – a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability • BRICKS – aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain. • FEDORA – delivers flexible service-oriented architecture to managing and delivering content in the form of digital objects • SIMILE – extends and laverages DSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [37]

Slide 38: Tutorial 7 – Semantic Digital Libraries - Existing Semantic Digital Libraries Solutions – JeromeDL Sebastian R. Kruk, Tomasz Woroniecki Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [38]

Slide 39: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [39]

Slide 40: JeromeDL - Introduction • Joint effort of DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway and Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) • Distributed under BSD Open Source license • Digital library build on semantic web technologies to answer requirements from: librarians, scientists and everyone. Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [40]

Slide 41: Motivation • How to integrate and search information from different bibliographic sources? • How to share and interconnect knowledge among people? Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [41]

Slide 42: JeromeDL – Motivations Use Cases • Librarians: – support for rich metadata (MARC21) in uploading resources, accessing bibliographic information and searching – persistent identifiers • Scientists: – easy publishing (designed as a institute/university digital library) – creating hierarchical networks of digital libraries – support for accessing, sharing and searching using bibliography metadata (BibTeX) • Everyone: – simple search (incl. natural language queries) – community-aware information sharing and browsing, – support for interationalization Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [42]

Slide 43: JeromeDL - Motivations • Support for different kinds of bibliographic medatata, like: DublinCore, BibTeX and MARC21 at the same time. – Making use of existing rich sources of bibliographic descriptions (like MARC21) created by human. • Supporting users and communities: – users have control over their profile information; – community-aware profiles are integrated with bibliographic descriptions – support for community generated knowledge • Delivering communication between instances: – P2P mode for searching and users authentication – Hierarchical mode for browsing Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [43]

Slide 44: Outline JeromeDL - Motivation and Overview JeromeDL - Architecture and Ontologies JeromeDL - Semantic Services JeromeDL - Social Services JeromeDL - Semantics in Use Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [44]

Slide 45: JeromeDL – Architecture • Resources and annotations repository • Middleware: – query processing – community space – resources management • User interface agents: • Communication to the outside world • Administrative interface Tutorial – Semantic Digital Libraries, June 3, 2007 ESWC 2007 Copyright 2006-2007, DERI NUI Galway, University of Vienna, Fraunhofer IPSI, Cornell University [45]

Slide 46: Bibliographic Description in JeromeDL <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?> 01450cas 922004331i 450000100...019c19329999gw <rdf:Description qr|p|