The Digital Media Landscape
Scott Kehoe, Technology Consultant
Northeast Mass. Regional Library System (NMRLS)
scott@nmrls.org / 978-762-4433 x16
IM: AIM-bibliotechy / MSN-bibliotekky /Yahoo!-biblioteky
links for this workshop @
http://del.icio.us/bibliotechy/digitalmedia
http://www.nmrls.org/ce/digitalmedia.htm
1

Been to the record
store lately?
2

Who sells the most music in the U.S.?
Apple Inc. ~ iTunes ~ online!
3

How some people get their digital downloads ...
• Bit-torrent software
NOT illegal
• downloading from Pirate
Bay and many other bit-
torrent media sites IS
illegal under current
U.S. Copyright law.
4

It’s All About the WiFi
5

Future
(and current)
Library
Users
2007
NPD
Gro u p stud
y - In sights
, June
U.S. kids begin using ...
• computers by 5 1/2
• video game consoles by 6
• digital cameras by 8
6

State of Technology in Public Libraries
ALA Research Series, Sept. 2007
http://www.ala.org/ala/ors/publiclibraryfundingtechnologyaccessstudy/0607report.htm
❖ Technology has brought more library use
❖ Library infrastructure is being pushed to capacity
❖ There is growing need for technology planning
❖ 73% of libraries are only source of free public access to computers and internet
❖ 86% of libraries offer magazine/newspaper databases
❖ 58% of libraries offer digital/virtual reference
❖ 38% of libraries offer audio content (audiobooks, podcasts)
❖ 38% of libraries offer e-books
7

UNDERGRADS &
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research, Sept., 2007 - Study of Undergraduate Students and Information Technology
http://www.educause.edu/ResearchStudies/1010
98% own a computer
74% own a laptop (%53 in 2005)
92% have access to high-speed internet
24% use wireless as primary internet connection
10% own smartphones
80% use social network sites, up 8% from 2006 (MySpace, Facebook)
students expect email, internet access, wireless to be available everywhere,
all the time
8

iPods
• Apple has sold over 150 MILLION in 7 years ... since 2001
• Chrysler has sold 12 million mini-vans in 25 years ... since 1982
• Apple sells at least 10 million every three months (Ars Technica, 4/23/08)
• iPods hold nearly 80% of U.S. market-share (Digital Music News June 23, 2006, NPD Group)
• iPod-ready cars & airlines
• Apple iTunes #1 music retailer in U.S. (Ars Technica 4/2/08)
• iTunes has sold over 5 Billion songs online since 2001 (Ars Technica, 6/08)
9

Who’s got Game?
The Gaming Industry Story
Reports: may 2006; July 2008 - Entertainment Software Assoc. (ESA) - http://www.theesa.com/
• Combined computer/video games sales in 2007 = $9.5 billion
• 65% of U.S. households play computer/video games
• Average age of gamers = 35 (26% over 50 / 49% 18-49)
• Average age of frequent game buyer = 40
• Gamer gender: 60% male / 40% female
• 59% gamers play others in person
• 36% gamers play on wireless devices (smart/cell phones, iPods)
• 35% of parents play computer/video games
• 73% of parent-gamers are regular voters
• 93% of gamers read books or newspapers on a daily basis
10

Who’s got Game?
Pew Internet & American Life Surveys
Data Memo, December 2008
• 53% of all American adults play video games
• 81% of 18-29 year olds play video games
• 21% adult gamers play everyday
• 36% of age 65+ gamers play everyday
• 76% teens play online games
• 66% of parents with children under 18 play games
• 2% of gamers overall / 11% teens visit virtual worlds (e.g. Second Life)
• 9% of gamers overall / 21% teens play MMOGs
(Massive Multiplayer Online Games: World of Warcraft, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars)
• Gamer Profile:
55% male
56% urbanites
57% college educated
62% annual income $50,000+
no significant ethnic differences among game players
11

Publishing = Big Media
Who owns who?
Bertelsmann (Germany)
> Random House, Knopf, Ballantine, Bantam, Dell, Doubleday
CBS Corp
> Simon & Schuster, Pocket Books, The Free Press, Scribner
Disney > Hyperion
Hachette Book Group (France) > Little, Brown
News Corp > Harper Collins
Riverdeep (Ireland) > Houghton-Mifflin
Scholastic > Grolier
Time-Warner > DC Comics
12

Who’s suing who?
Record Books vs OCLC NetLibrary and OCLC vs. Recorded Books
-settled, out of court, details not disclosed
http://www.oclc.org/news/releases/200685.htm
the RIAA vs everybody ...
-26,000+ suits
-First to go to a jury, Oct. 2007 (Capital Records v. Jammie Thomas)
--Jury awards $220,000 for copyright infringement on 24 songs ($9,250 per song)
--case currently on appeal, Fall 2008
Prince vs You Tube (Google) & eBay
Viacom vs. You Tube (Google)
--Viacom = Paramount, Dreamworks, MTV, BET, Comedy Central
Apple (iTunes) & the Music Industry ... just squabbling ...
13

Cell Phones - the media angle
iPhone
•viewing & listening - iTunes & Joost
•downloading & purchasing - iTunes & Amazon.com
T-Mobile G1 •programing other devices - TiVo & Slingbox
“Google Phone”
14

iPod Touch
a mobile media device!
• WiFi
• Apps = applications
• dedicated media Apps
• New York Times & AP wireservice
• You Tube
• Joost
• Pandora internet radio
• NPR radio stations
• iTunes
• mobile TiVo programing
15

DRM
DRM = Digital Rights Management
DRM is software built into the individual digital
media files
knows where it is allowed to play & where it isn’t!
The audio formats used by iTunes, Napster, Yahoo!, &
OverDrive use these built-in DRM components in their
digital files.
DRM can be broken and circumvented
DRM is why you can’t use an iPod with NetLibrary or
OverDrive audiobooks
DRM may go away ... LOL!
16

AAC / iTunes format
Advanced Audio Coding - audio format almost exclusively
used by Apple. Created by a consortium of AT&T, Dolby,
Fraunhofer IIS, and Sony.
found at iTunes / used on iPods, Motorola cell phones,
Windows & Mac computers
17

WMA / Microsoft formats*
Windows Media Audio - audio format developed by Microsoft
found at dozens of legal audio sites: Napster, Real, MTV, Yahoo!,
OverDrive, NetLibrary, etc....
used on hundreds of portable audio players, cell phones, PDAs,
and Windows computers
*Please Note ... The Microsoft Zune uses a different
non-compatible licensed WMA format that is only compatible with the
Zune player & Zune store.
18

iPod shuffle projects
Wilbraham Public Library (MA)
http://www.wilbrahamlibrary.org/adults/medianook
5 “old model” shuffles, patron emails request, picks up preloaded, laminated cards
with barcode of device and audio books loaned
contact: Adult Services Librarian: Karen Demers (kdemers@cwmars.org)
South Huntington Library (Long Island, NY):
http://www.shpl.info/catalog_ipodbooks.asp
-click on Catalog for Music on iPod ~ Books on iPod ~ Movies on iPod
-An audio report is available at National Public Radio’s
Talk of the Nation, March 3, 2005 (http://www.npr.org/).
19

loaning equipment to patrons
Devices
iPod shuffles
MP3 players
usually not earbuds / headphones (for sanitary reasons …)
For car stereos (commuters)
cassette adapters
FM transmitters
20

Consumer options for
Digital Audiobooks
Apple iTunes - audiobook store
audible.com - iPods & MP3 players
Playaway - Barnes & Noble, Borders
Project Gutenberg - FREE DOWNLOADS!
Human-read: www.gutenberg.org/browse/categories/1
Computer-generated: www.gutenberg.org/browse/categories/2
21

Digital Music in Libraries
Public Library Example
South Huntington Library (Long Island, NY) is offering iTunes music on their iPod Shuffles.
-Music on iPod: http://www.shpl.info/catalog_ipodmusic.asp
Library Vendor Example
OverDrive – three catalogs: Alligator Records; Nettwerk; and Naxos of America.
-Boston Public Library’s OverDrive Music Collection (http://overdrive.bpl.org)
Campus-wide Online Media “Stores”
Apple iTunes U (http://www.apple.com/education/itunesu/)
-Fairfield Univ. example, if you have iTunes installed: http://www.fairfield.edu/itunesu
Napster http://www.napster.com/napster_on_campus.html - Cornell, Middlebury, Rochester
Real Rhapsody www.real.com - Adelphi University, UC-Berkeley, Minnesota
Ruckus Network http://www.ruckusnetwork.com/aboutus.php - Babson College, Northeastern Univ., Syracuse
Yahoo! Music http://music.yahoo.com/ - Stanford University
22

Online Consumer Music Sources
FREE, LEGAL MP3s
Multi-Band/Multi-Genre Sites
✦ CNET Free MP3 Music http://music.download.com/
✦ Internet Archive’s Live Music Archive http://www.archive.org/details/etree
✦ Apple iTunes - load iTunes software(www.apple.com/itunes), click on “Free Downloads” section
Music podcasts
✦ Coverville, covers of famous songs by not-yet-famous artists - http://www.coverville.com/
✦ Accident Hash, new indie rock music - http://www.accidenthash.com/
LEGAL DRM-Free MP3s for a price ... work on any iPod or MP3 player
✦ amazon.com - http://www.amazon.com (click on MP3 Downloads)
- prices range as low as 79¢
- can be loaded directly into iTunes for iPod users
✦ Napster - http://home.napster.com
- not all songs in MP3 format, must sort after search
✦ Real Rhapsody - http://mp3.rhapsody.com
- downloads purchases as a ZIP file (must be un-zipped to reveal MP3 files)
23

Podcasting
Free talk, commentary, music shows, and video(!) available in the MP3 format for
download to your computer or MP3 player/iPod.
Listen whenever it is convenient.
The shows range from those made in someone’s basement (and sound like it) to very high
professional quality from National Public Radio.
You do not need an iPod or MP3 player to listen and download a podcast!
You do need an internet connection, a computer, audio software (Windows Media Player,
iTunes).
And if you want to subscribe to a show, free podcast software (Juice, iTunes).
Juice - http://juicereceiver.sourceforge.net
Apple iTunes - www.apple.com/itunes
24

Podcast Program Directories
Podcast Alley - http://www.podcastalley.com/ one of the first podcast directories
and all-inclusive. Links to programs, websites and software
Podshow.com - http://podshow.com/ Created by Adam Curry, the self-
proclaimed “father of podcasting” or podfather. Includes a “how-to” and
directory to shows that are part of this \"network.\"
Directory of NPR programs available as podcasts:
http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast/podcast_directory.php
iTunes podcast directory - not only a massive directory, but easy to search
and free downloads!!! http://www.apple.com/itunes/overview/
Yahoo! Podcasts–combines a podcast directory with subscription and
on-site listening functions in a convenient web-based interface.
http://podcasts.yahoo.com
25

TV on the Internet
• Hulu - http://www.hulu.com/ - joint TV & Movie venture by NBC, Fox, 20th Century Fox,
Universal Studios, National Geographic, TV Guide, Bravo, Oxygen, SciFi Channel ... to name
a few ... CURRENT FULL-LENGTH TV SHOWS! The Office, The Simpsons, House, The
Family Guy, 30 Rock ... as well as full length movies and extensive back-catalog of TV
classics (Adam-12!), all free, any browser, & just 3 commercials!
• AOL Television - http://television.aol.com/in2tv - AOL Time-Warner's internet TV network.
Gilligan's Island and Welcome Back, Kotter.
• ABC TV - http://dynamic.abc.go.com/streaming/landing - offers full-length streaming of
it's most popular shows. No special software needed to watch episodes.
Desperate Housewives; Grey's Anatomy; Lost.
• CBS TV - http://www.cbs.com/innertube/ - offers full-length streaming. Plays via
Windows Media Player or Real Player. CSI franchise; Survivor.
• NBC TV - http://www.nbc.com/Video/ - offers show clips, deleted scenes, and previews
via their 24/7 video player (Windows Media Player plug-in). Site has web-only exclusives
and award-winning “webisodes” for The Office.
• Joost - http://www.joost.com - FREE, download player ... all the cable channels you
wouldn’t subscribe to ... but it’s free!
26

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27

The great iPod divide ...
28

Let’s Research!
Media sources used by your patrons & your fellow Librarians
iTunes
Internet Archive’s Live Music Archive
http://www.archive.org/
amazon.com MP3 Downloads
Hulu
Joost
YouTube
OverDrive ... more than just audiobooks!
29

iTunes
http://www.apple.com/itunes/
free software
all-in-one online store for music, TV, movie, audiobook store with largest
legal selection available
iTunes software is an all-in-one media library, file converter, and CD
burner
Podcasts are free! an exceptional podcast directory
30

Amazon MP3 Downloads
http://www.amazon.com
(click on MP3 Downloads)
no DRM!!!
tracks play on any MP3 player or iPod!!!
works with any browser on any computer!
debits your amazon account
optional small software download to move purchase to
iTunes or Windows Media Player
no audiobooks ... yet ... amazon.com owns audiobook vendor audible.com
31

Hulu & Joost
http://hulu.com - http://joost.com
FREE TV and movies on your computer!
full epsiodes, full seasons, classic shows!
works with any browser on any computer!
need fast bandwidth
short commercials
32

Where to get more Info
Scott's del.icio.us bookmarks
http://del.icio.us/bibliotechy/digitalmedia
Scott’s all-things digital media website at the
Northeast Massachusetts Regional Library System
http://www.nmrls.org/ce/digitalmedia.htm
Scott Kehoe, Technology Consultant, NMRLS
scott@nmrls.org / 978-762-4433 x16
IM: AIM-bibliotechy / MSN-bibliotekky /Yahoo!-biblioteky
33