Battles of Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great
The Macedonian army & the major battles of his campaign
Year 11 Ancient History

The Macedonian Army
INFANTRY
Phalanx
Developed by Phillip II & Alexander
These soldiers fought in close-ranked rectangular formations which could spear through enemy cavalry and infantry from a safe distance
Could also be quickly manoeuvred into battle and travel quickly
Hypaspists
The elite arm of the Macedonian infantry, armed with spears
Would protect the right flank of the Phalanx
Phalanx in formation

The Macedonian Army
CAVALRY
Hetairoi
The elite arm of the Macedonia army
Regarded as the best cavalry of the Ancient World
Would dominate other cavalry in battle
Thessalian Cavalry
Used short spears and javelins
Highly manoeuvrable in battle
Used to defend the left flank of the army in battle
Light Cavalry and Allies
Used for reconnaissance, scouting ahead & to fill lines during an attack or defence

The Macedonian Army
SIEGE
Catapult
Developed by the Greeks in order to attack and destroy enemy structures and buildings.
Uses a range of tensions to hurl large and heavy objects at designated targets
According to historian DiodorusSiculus, this siege weapon was first used in 399 BCE
Ballista
Similar to catapult, but uses large
arrow shaped projectiles

Battle of Granicus River (334)
Lebrun. Source: Encyclopedie Larousse Illustre 1898.

Alexander leads his army across the Hellespont to meet Darius’ forces led by Memnon of Rhodes
History Channel, Battle of Granicus

Battle of Issus (333)

Siege of Tyre (332)

Battles of Alexander the Great

by Samuel Cowley

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