Six Blue Data Save The Children Health Plg 20090630

Mobile Information-Communication Technology (mICT) Save the Children Health and Nutrition PLG – June 2009

Save the Children Health and Nutrition PLG – June 2009 Mobile Information-Communication Technology for Health (mICT) What is mICT? What are our Donors saying about mICT? How Has SC Used mICT? Which mICT should I use? What is Future for mICT in Health? Recommendations

MICT in Health What Is mICT? ICT: Information and Communication Technology is: “…is the study or business of developing and using technology to process information and aid communications”.1 Mobile ICT (mICT): is moving the technology and connectivity functions away from centralized infrastructure and positioning it near, or at, the origin of source.

What Is mICT? Instead of bringing your work to the computer Take the computer to your work

What Is mICT? mICT has developed rapidly and emerged as a critical tool for global NGO’s. there is a complex ecology of technology offering a bewildering set of: Devices Software Case studies

What Is mICT? An UN document published in 20072, described 129 mICT projects in 34 countries. A May 2009 NetHope3 review of mICT in use by NGO’s for Agriculture and Health listed 37 different tools used in 34 separate projects.

What Is mICT?

What Is mICT? Devices Cell phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Netbook Laptop

What Is mICT? Cell Phone

Cell Phones Cell Phone Interface Fixed-format SMS: (comma-delimited) - SMS-only. Java Forms: fixed field and defined data types - SMS or GPRS Web Forms: Used on web browser of cell phone - GPRS-only.

Cell Phones Data Transfer Method SMS Pros: Nearly instantaneous. Available on all phones (everyone has it!). Cons: High cost. Low data capacity (limited to 160 characters per transmission). Dependent upon user correctly entering de-limitation and content. High volume requires additional provider costs. Note: Use SMS when utilizing personal cell phones

Cell Phones Data Transfer Method GPRS Pros: • Lowest cost. • High data transmission capacity. • Cell phone direct to data server. Cons: • Fewer cell phones have it. • Cost per data transfer rate. Note: use GPRS when providing cell phones for project

What Is mICT? Cell Phone

Cell Phones Data Transfer Method Web Pros: • Lowest cost. • High data quality and capacity. • Cell phone direct to web server. Cons: • Only on higher end cell phone. • Cost per data transfer rate. Note: approximates PDA form complexity

What Is mICT? PDA

Mobile Data Collection Devices

Paper Data Systems Haiti

Paper Data Systems Myanmar – Microfinance Registries

Paper Data Systems Bolivia

PDA’s • PDA’s have high memory and power capacities. • They can be used for long periods in the field with portable battery packs (3 – 5 days) • PDA’s are able to collect and store thousands of records. • PDA’s will not lose data during power loss • PDA’s can be protected from a wide range of environmental conditions in the field.

PDA’s

Data …and captured as a long binary object in the databa

Indicators of PDA data collection use high paper volume and hand transcription costs Existing logical data survey instruments (Results Framework) mature data repository strategy (centralized data management)

The values of PDA data collection technology • Eliminate paper and data transcription costs. • Increased data quality at the point of interview • Built-in backup of data • Reduce the time from data collection to data analysis • PDA’s (mobile data bases facilitate Excel => database migration • Data is bi-directional - PDA’s can carry information to the field

mICT in Health What are our Donors saying about mICT? Mr. Adam Slote, MD, MPH USAID Senior Health Advisor – June 6th 20095

mICT in Health What are our Donors saying about mICT? ICT4H Parameters Must have measurable impact on USAID’s health objectives. Must demonstrate superior cost-effectiveness compared to other interventions. Must be sustainable

mICT in Health What are our Donors saying about mICT? Recommended Best Practices: Use technology that is simple, relevant, local. Build on what is already being used. Involve end-users in the design of the solution. Strengthen local capacity to develop, use and maintain the solution. Strengthen ICT monitoring and evaluation [M&E]. Learn from what works and [what] doesn’t, and share those lessons.

How Has SC Used mICT? Early deployments were limited by: Technical issues: hardware - power/memory/processor. software - complex, required high levels of support needs. Non-technical issues: • funding was often mis-directed by the “glitter and exuberance” of new technology. • Lack of prudent project management principles.

mICT in Health How Has SC Used mICT? El Salvador Vietnam Bangladesh Haiti Guatemala Mali Bolivia Guinea Tajikistan Armenia Philippines Malawi Egypt Myanmar Uganda Jordan Pakistan Yemen Sudan

Bangladesh McAid Food Distribution Center

Bangladesh McAid

Sahel CO Mali Field Training - Zinkifura

Sahel CO Guinea Field Training – Child Trafficking

Bolivia – Maternal Health Clinic

Bolivia – Maternal Health Clinic - Village of Milo in Bolivia

How Has SC Used mICT? Challenges Language – Arabic/ Cyrillic, etc. Understanding the survey instrument design Structure – Logic Usability of technology in field conditions. “If it doesn’t work in the field, then it doesn’t work”

Survey Instrument Logic

Survey Instrument Logic Save the Children Sponsorship Primary Education Program 2007 Standard 4 Data Collection Headteacher Interview School:___________________________ Name of Interviewer: _____________________________ Head’s Name: ________________ __________Sex: 0__Male /1 __Female: School Code: 19/__ __ Standard(s) teaching _____________ What is your highest academic qualification? 1) JCE/ 2) MSCE/ 3) "A” levels/ 4) Other (Specify): ___ What is your professional qualification? 0) TT/ 1) T4/ 2) T3/ 3) T2 /) Other (Specify): ___________ How many teachers are in this school? 1) Male_________2) Female_______ 3) Total_________ How many pupils are in this school? 1) Boys ________ 2) Girls _______ 3) Total__________ Out of the total enrolment that you have, how many of these are orphans vulnerable children (OVC)? 1) Boys________ 2) Girls_______ 3)Total_______ (Allow the teacher to verify). 7. How many in-service training sessions have you attended this school session? 8. List the organizer and the month of each in-service session you have attended 9. How many school based in-service courses have you conducted this school year? ______ 10.How many times has the PEA supervised your school this school session? _____ 11. In the past month, have you observed any teachers’ lessons? 1) ___YES 0) __NO 12. How many times this year have you held staff meetings at this school? _______

Usability

MICT in Health Which mICT should I use for my program? First Things First…

Which mICT should I use for my program? This is Difficult! mICT “Tool” Determinants

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants This is more Difficult!

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants Evaluate the Terms and factors (zero -> 10) for your program needs. (T1f1) + (T2f2) + (T3f3) + (T4f4) + (T5f5) +…. = Solution

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants T1 data quality X f1: not important  important T2 survey structure X f2: simple  complex (branching) T3 Information complexity X f3: text-only  data/spatial/image T4 data security X f4: low  high T5 data transfer method X f5: USB  GPRS  SMS VPN T6 power availability X f6: low (car battery/solar)  high

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants - Others T7 connectivity X f7: not important  important T8 environmental X f8: mild  severe T9 technical support X f9: low risk  high risk

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants Terms and factors define the “tools” (T1f1) + (T2f2) + (T3f3) + (T4f4) + (T5f5) +… = Hardware/Software

Which mICT should I use for my program? mICT “Tool” Determinants Do the hard work (requirements) first, or else you will HAVE to do the hard work later; If you do choose the tool first, then: Best scenario: added cost, delay and poor quality to program Worst scenario: resulting failure costing beneficiary lives.

mICT in Health What is the future for mICT in Health? • Rapid technological advancement. • Extensive adoption in developing countries. • Mixed success/failure case studies • mICT will become part of the culture of NGO’s and our Donors.

MICT in Health Recommendations Information Management as a Strategy The technology “tool” comes last….

Data Management - Spreadsheets

Guatemala Results Framework Indicator Definition – Database Development

Data Management Alternative Alternative Publication Subscription Publication Subscription NOTE: All DB Servers are Publishers. NOTE: PDAs are not Publishers. NOTE: Servers are the Publishers for next Lower level DB locations. NOTE: Subscriptions should be conducted to the immediate higher level DB Servers. Database Central MIS Server District DB Server Upazilla DB Server PDA

What Is mICT?

mICT in Health Recommendations Consider mICT early in program conception. Don’t jump right in – assess “need” & “fit” (field assessment) Small scale pilots paralleling existing systems articulate value to customer. “If it doesn’t work in the field, then it doesn’t work” Emphasize “tool last” design (M&E indicators, data management 1st!) Build CO capacity with locally-sustainable solutions.

mICT in Health Bibliography , 25 June 2009 1 http://isp.webopedia.com/TERM/I/ICT.html 2 Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, United Nations, 2007. COMPENDIUM OF ICT APPLICATIONS ON ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT Volume 1: Mobile Applications on Health and Learning. 3 University of Waterloo, May 2009. Mobile Technology Applications in Agriculture and Healthcare 4 MobileActive.org http://www.mobileactive.org 20 June 2009 5 ICT for Health 8 June Conference, Wash DC. (ICT 4 Health 05-20-09.pptx) Harris, Jim, The Data-Information Continuum, http://www.ocdqblog.com/home/the-data-information-continuum.html . 20 June 2009

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