2. FUNCTIONS:
BODY MOVEMENT
PUMP BLOOD THROUGHOUT YOUR BODY
MOVES FOOD THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CONTROLS THE MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF
YOUR LUNGS
3. What is the main key to the health
of the muscular system?
Exercise
4. How do muscles work?
Muscles work by two
opposing actions.
They are:
Contractionshortening of a
muscle
Extension-stretching
of a muscle
5. What are the 3 types of muscle
tissue?
SMOOTH
SKELETAL
CARDIAC
6. Care of the muscular
system
Many of you
have heard the
saying: “Use it
or lose it,” well
this is very
true of the
muscular
system.
8. BICEPS
The primary function of the Bicep muscle is to move the forearm towards the
shoulder (elbow flexion).
The secondary function of the Bicep is supination of the forearm. This means turning
the hand from a palms-down position to a palms-up position
9. PECTORALIS MAJOR
Located in the front of the ribcage.
The function of the Pectoralis Major is to bring the humerus across
the chest. A flye movement is the best example of this action.
10. ROTATOR CUFF
MUSCLE
The Rotator Cuff is a group of muscles that work in the shoulder joint to keep the humerus from
popping out. This makes the Rotator Cuff critical for shoulder stability.
The main functions of the Rotator Cuff are shoulder joint stabilization and external rotation of
the humerus (rotating the arm to the rear).
11. DELTOID MUSCLE
The Deltoid is a three-headed muscle that caps the
shoulder.
The function of the Deltoid muscle is essentially to move
the arm away from the body.
12. ABDOMINALS
Rectus Abdominus
Flex the spine (bringing the rib cage closer to the pelvis). This is seen in the abdominal crunching
movement. When the movement is reversed, the Rectus Abdominus acts to bring the pelvis
closer to the rib cage (e.g. with a leg raise movement).
Transverse Abdominus
Acts as a natural weight belt, keeping your insides in. This muscle is essential for trunk stability
as well as keeping your waist tight.
Internal and External Obliques
Work to rotate the torso and stabilize the abdomen.
13. QUADRICEPS
The Quadriceps are a group of four muscles that sit on the anterior
or front aspect of the thigh.
The function of the Quadriceps as a whole is to extend the knee
(straighten the knee).
15. LATISSIMUS DORSI
The Latissimus Dorsi muscles (also known as the Lats) are the largest muscles of the
back. Being large, fan-shaped muscles, they are able to provide force in a wide range of
body positions, e.g. leaning back to straight vertical and all points in between.
The Lats are attached to the upper end of the humerus with fibers running down in a fan
down the vertebral column and pelvic girdle. The function of the Latissimus Dorsi is to
pull the arm down towards the pelvis. When the arm is fixed (e.g. during a chin-up), the
lats serve to bring the body up towards the arm. It is the same basic movement but with
the directions reversed. The Lats also function to stabilize the torso during many
movements, including the flat bench press.
16. TRAPEZIUS
The Trapezius (trap) muscle is a long, trapezoid-shaped
muscle that runs down the upper section of the spinal cord.
The functions of the Trapezius muscle include scapular
elevation (shrugging up), scapular adduction (drawing the
shoulder blades together) and scapular depression (pulling
the shoulder blades down).
17. TRICEPS
Located on the posterior side of the upper arm. The primary
function of the Tricep is to extend the elbow (straightening the
arm).
The secondary function of the Tricep is fulfilled only by the
Long head of the muscle, which is the bring the arm down
towards the body (adduction). The Tricep shares this function
with the Latissimus Dorsi.
18. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
The Gluteus Maximus is one of the largest
and strongest muscles in the body. The
primary function of the Gluteus Maximus is
hip extension (moving the thigh to the rear).
19. HAMSTRINGS of the upper leg, just
Located on the posterior side
below the buttocks.
The primary functions of the Hamstrings are knee
flexion (bringing the heel towards the buttocks) and
hip extension (moving the leg to the rear).
20. GASTROCNEMIUS
The Gastrocnemius is the calf muscle that is
visible from the outside of the body.
The function of the Gastrocnemius is to
elevate the heel (known as plantar flexion).