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THIS MEANS THAT
                                       THINGS FALL.




                                             THEY FALL FROM HEIGHTS OF
                                             ENERGY AND STRUCTURED
                                             INFORMATION INTO
   MATTER IS ENERGY.                         MEANINGLESS, POWERLESS
                                             DISORDER.
   ENERGY IS INFORMATION.
   EVERYTHING IS INFORMATION.


            PHYSICS SAYS THAT
                                                         THIS IS CALLED
            STRUCTURES... BUILDINGS,
            SOCIETIES, IDEOLOGIES...                     ENTROPY.

            WILL SEEK THEIR POINT OF
            LEAST ENERGY.




Entropy (S) = a measure of randomness or disorder
Entropy
 It’s just a measure of disorder




Physics classrooms are full of Entropy!
Entropy and your bedroom




  Low Entropy          High Entropy
No matter what we
say or try, the entropy
of the universe is
increasing!
The molecules in the solid are in a much more
restricted or ordered state so they have low
entropy.
Entropy increases when melting.




Entropy decreases when freezing
What happens to entropy when a machine does
                   work?


                                    ΔS ↓




                                  ΔS ↑
Refrigerators


                              Room

                              ΔS ↑
         ΔS ↓

The heat pump in the fridge    The entropy of the
does work to reduce the        room increases by
entropy inside it.             more.
What happens to the temperature of the
room?



                    The temperature
                    of the room
                    increases .
Entropy Increases with...
• Melting (fusion)       Sliquid > Ssolid

• Vaporization           Sgas > Sliquid

• Heating                ST2 > ST1 if T2 > T1

• Dissolving (usually)   Ssolution > (Ssolvent + Ssolute)

• Molecular complexity   more bonds, more
 entropy
• Atomic complexity      more e-, protons,
 neutrons
Entropy Curve

                  Solid          Liquid     Gas



    S                                     ← vaporization
Entropy



                                 ← fusion

          0
              0           Temperature (K)
The Statistics of Entropy

Another way to think about entropy is
that being disordered is just more
likely.

       It’s just chance
A box containing air molecules, divided in two compartments
with a hole in the dividing wall. Since there are many more
molecules in the left compartment, there will also be many
more molecules crossing the divide from left to right.




The second law of thermodynamics states that in an isolated system
the entropy will increase.
In the statistical definition of entropy according to Boltzmann, this
means that the system will evolve to its most probable state.
Entropy, Marble Example
• Suppose you have a bag with 50 red
  marbles and 50 green marbles
• You draw a marble, record its color, return
  it to the bag, and draw another
• Continue until four marbles have been
  drawn
• What are the possible results and what are
  their probabilities?
Entropy, Marble Example,
Results




  • The most ordered are the least likely
  • The most disorder is the most likely
Entropy & Time

Because systems move from order to
disorder, time has a direction.
Which came first?
Entropy and Life




              Life is an entropy reducer
Does this break the second law of thermodynamics?
10.3 - Entropy and the 2nd law

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Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 

10.3 - Entropy and the 2nd law

  • 1. THIS MEANS THAT THINGS FALL. THEY FALL FROM HEIGHTS OF ENERGY AND STRUCTURED INFORMATION INTO MATTER IS ENERGY. MEANINGLESS, POWERLESS DISORDER. ENERGY IS INFORMATION. EVERYTHING IS INFORMATION. PHYSICS SAYS THAT THIS IS CALLED STRUCTURES... BUILDINGS, SOCIETIES, IDEOLOGIES... ENTROPY. WILL SEEK THEIR POINT OF LEAST ENERGY. Entropy (S) = a measure of randomness or disorder
  • 2. Entropy It’s just a measure of disorder Physics classrooms are full of Entropy!
  • 3. Entropy and your bedroom Low Entropy High Entropy
  • 4. No matter what we say or try, the entropy of the universe is increasing!
  • 5. The molecules in the solid are in a much more restricted or ordered state so they have low entropy.
  • 6. Entropy increases when melting. Entropy decreases when freezing
  • 7. What happens to entropy when a machine does work? ΔS ↓ ΔS ↑
  • 8. Refrigerators Room ΔS ↑ ΔS ↓ The heat pump in the fridge The entropy of the does work to reduce the room increases by entropy inside it. more.
  • 9. What happens to the temperature of the room? The temperature of the room increases .
  • 10. Entropy Increases with... • Melting (fusion) Sliquid > Ssolid • Vaporization Sgas > Sliquid • Heating ST2 > ST1 if T2 > T1 • Dissolving (usually) Ssolution > (Ssolvent + Ssolute) • Molecular complexity more bonds, more entropy • Atomic complexity more e-, protons, neutrons
  • 11. Entropy Curve Solid Liquid Gas S ← vaporization Entropy ← fusion 0 0 Temperature (K)
  • 12. The Statistics of Entropy Another way to think about entropy is that being disordered is just more likely. It’s just chance
  • 13. A box containing air molecules, divided in two compartments with a hole in the dividing wall. Since there are many more molecules in the left compartment, there will also be many more molecules crossing the divide from left to right. The second law of thermodynamics states that in an isolated system the entropy will increase. In the statistical definition of entropy according to Boltzmann, this means that the system will evolve to its most probable state.
  • 14. Entropy, Marble Example • Suppose you have a bag with 50 red marbles and 50 green marbles • You draw a marble, record its color, return it to the bag, and draw another • Continue until four marbles have been drawn • What are the possible results and what are their probabilities?
  • 15. Entropy, Marble Example, Results • The most ordered are the least likely • The most disorder is the most likely
  • 16. Entropy & Time Because systems move from order to disorder, time has a direction.
  • 18. Entropy and Life Life is an entropy reducer Does this break the second law of thermodynamics?