Digital Games in Libraries and Information Science John Kirriemuir Tampere, November 29 th 2007 www.silversprite.com

Stereotypical image of librarians

… even stereotypical action figures

Not accurate - instead …

Librarians live (and love) to party… Lenore M. Edman, www.evilmadscientist.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/amywatts/

… and librarians love video games (and nerds) www.flickr.com/photos/alapublishing/958324286/

www.flickr.com/photos/alatechsourceblog/366536961/ www.flickr.com/photos/rachelvacek/636744058/ www.flickr.com/photos/travelinlibrarian/1799339137/

www.flickr.com/photos/alatechsourceblog/366428922/

Entertainment in (or from) the library “ If we were supposed to restrict ourselves to offering materials with purely redeeming social qualities and educational value, we’d have to throw out half the collection.” - Eli Neiburger www.flickr.com/photos/westmontlibrary/509542664/

“ If we were supposed to restrict ourselves to offering materials with purely redeeming social qualities and educational value, we’d have to throw out half the collection.”

- Eli Neiburger

10 ways librarians and digital games collide

1. Preservation “ Here at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France we deal with legal deposits of video games. Since 1992, video games are part of patrimonial collections. Every video game distributed in France must send in two copies to the French national library. Our missions are based on exhaustively collecting these kinds of documents as we do with others, cataloguing, and preserving in order to ensure long term access for researchers. We work closely to the game community to defend the game as a document and an object for scientific research.” National Library of France

“ Here at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France we deal with legal deposits of video games. Since 1992, video games are part of patrimonial collections. Every video game distributed in France must send in two copies to the French national library.

Our missions are based on exhaustively collecting these kinds of documents as we do with others, cataloguing, and preserving in order to ensure long term access for researchers. We work closely to the game community to defend the game as a document and an object for scientific research.”

National Library of France

“ Library of Congress to Preserve Virtual Worlds” “ The Preserving Virtual Worlds project will explore methods for preserving digital games and interactive fiction. Major activities will include developing basic standards for metadata and content representation and conducting a series of archiving case studies for early video games, electronic literature and Second Life, an interactive multiplayer game. Second Life content participants include Life to the Second Power, Democracy Island and the International Spaceflight Museum.” Guy Lamolinara, Library of Congress (More soon at www.ndiipp.uiuc.edu/pca/)

“ The Preserving Virtual Worlds project will explore methods for preserving digital games and interactive fiction. Major activities will include developing basic standards for metadata and content representation and conducting a series of archiving case studies for early video games, electronic literature and Second Life, an interactive multiplayer game.

Second Life content participants include Life to the Second Power, Democracy Island and the International Spaceflight Museum.”

Guy Lamolinara, Library of Congress

(More soon at www.ndiipp.uiuc.edu/pca/)

Preserving Games - an ideal task for librarians? Other organisations preserving e.g. “ The machine was on loan from The Museum of Moving Images permanent collection. Apparently, when the Queens, NY based museum decided to start preserving video games’ past, they purchased a whole slew of classic gaming machines… about 300 according to Cunningham. They have five Donkey Kongs that they swap in and out (at the museum the public can play assorted classic games from over the years).” Cataloguing Metadata Preservation Conversion Acquisition Dissemination

Cataloguing

Metadata

Preservation

Conversion

Acquisition

Dissemination

2. Keeping children quiet in public libraries “I don't know if this counts, but at my library we're just starting to have video games in our After-School Zone. Kids and teens can go in from 3:15 until 5:00 every day and get a small snack, study or play games. We get a lot of latchkey kids, and we figured that if we entertain them, they're less likely to get into trouble, and they'll be less likely to clump up on the public computers. Originally we'd wanted to buy a set of laptops for the After-School Zone, but we couldn't work out the computer issues. The video games were a second-best solution.” Allison Angell, Head Youth Services Librarian Benicia (California) Public Library

“I don't know if this counts, but at my library we're just starting to have video games in our After-School Zone. Kids and teens can go in from 3:15 until 5:00 every day and get a small snack, study or play games.

We get a lot of latchkey kids, and we figured that if we entertain them, they're less likely to get into trouble, and they'll be less likely to clump up on the public computers. Originally we'd wanted to buy a set of laptops for the After-School Zone, but we couldn't work out the computer issues. The video games were a second-best solution.”

Allison Angell, Head Youth Services Librarian

Benicia (California) Public Library

3. Get people into the library “ Check out our newest public library branch in South Carolina - called the Carvers Bay Branch Library. We opened the library two weeks ago with 10 Xbox 360s and 8 gaming PCs, and we plan to use them to persuade young people to register for library cards and to read: the games will serve as the hook for more library usage. The library is located right in front of a high school and middle school campus in the poorest, rural area of our county where illiteracy is currently 30% and library card registration is only 2%.” Dwight McInvaill Director, Georgetown County Library

“ Check out our newest public library branch in South Carolina - called the Carvers Bay Branch Library. We opened the library two weeks ago with 10 Xbox 360s and 8 gaming PCs, and we plan to use them to persuade young people to register for library cards and to read: the games will serve as the hook for more library usage.

The library is located right in front of a high school and middle school campus in the poorest, rural area of our county where illiteracy is currently 30% and library card registration is only 2%.”

Dwight McInvaill

Director, Georgetown County Library

Different levels of game facility access www.webjunction.org/do/DisplayContent?id=13796

Gaming nights at libraries

St. Joseph County Library www.flickr.com/photos/sjcpl/495450445/

Justifying a library gaming tournament Popular with parents Tournaments:Videogames:Storytime:Picturebooks Make your library a focus of their interests Get the boys in the door Guaranteed to induce gasps Promote your core services to a tough audience It’s not all prostitutes and gunplay They’re going to be taxpayers someday It’s not just for teens Eli Neiburger, Ann Arbor District Library

Popular with parents

Tournaments:Videogames:Storytime:Picturebooks

Make your library a focus of their interests

Get the boys in the door

Guaranteed to induce gasps

Promote your core services to a tough audience

It’s not all prostitutes and gunplay

They’re going to be taxpayers someday

It’s not just for teens

Eli Neiburger, Ann Arbor District Library

4. Circulating games John Scalzo, librarian, ran a video game loan scheme for a year: “… at the end of the first year, having games in a library has been a complete success. They are popular with adults, children and teens and I've only heard the faintest of grumblings (mostly from older patrons) questioning why a library would carry, scoff , games. They are an accepted part of the collection now and it's hard to ask for anything more than that.” www.flickr.com/photos/cantonpubliclibrary/1260600600/ Canton Public Library

John Scalzo, librarian, ran a video game loan scheme for a year:

“… at the end of the first year, having games in a library has been a complete success. They are popular with adults, children and teens and I've only heard the faintest of grumblings (mostly from older patrons) questioning why a library would carry, scoff , games. They are an accepted part of the collection now and it's hard to ask for anything more than that.”

Survey of 400 US public libraries Gaming in a broad sense, including anything from hosting the local chess club to Web-based games to circulating tabletop or digital games to providing resources for patrons to create their own games. 77% supported gaming in some way Larger libraries are more likely to support gaming than smaller libraries 43% hosted formal gaming programs where patrons played games in the library 20% of libraries circulated games Nicholson, Scott. (2007). The Role of Gaming in Libraries: Taking the Pulse . White paper available online at http://boardgameswithscott.com/pulse2007.pdf

Gaming in a broad sense, including anything from hosting the local chess club to Web-based games to circulating tabletop or digital games to providing resources for patrons to create their own games.

77% supported gaming in some way

Larger libraries are more likely to support gaming than smaller libraries

43% hosted formal gaming programs where patrons played games in the library

20% of libraries circulated games

University of Illinois Library Gaming Collection

Storing games for lending www.animeted.org/4librarians/video-games/Video-games-ports.htm

5. Circulating support materials When people play digital games, they use a wide variety of materials. The effects on literacy, through games support, is a little-researched area. Magazines and newspapers (print, online) Walkthroughs (print, online) Cheats e.g. codes you type in (print, online) Maps (print, online) Interactive guides (online) Game forums (online) Blogs and websites (online) Tips from friends (online, social) Team-based playing/support (online, social)

When people play digital games, they use a wide variety of materials. The effects on literacy, through games support, is a little-researched area.

Magazines and newspapers (print, online)

Walkthroughs (print, online)

Cheats e.g. codes you type in (print, online)

Maps (print, online)

Interactive guides (online)

Game forums (online)

Blogs and websites (online)

Tips from friends (online, social)

Team-based playing/support (online, social)

6. Teaching information literacy and searching Several variations on the following have been done as small in-house projects: Navigational, adventure/discovery game Knowledge quest: find and assemble knowledge from library resources Acquire practice and skill of library researcher Resident librarians as game masters/mentors “ Open source” game engine, content development, and community participation (as described by Walt Scacchi, UCgamelab)

Several variations on the following have been done as small in-house projects:

Navigational, adventure/discovery game

Knowledge quest: find and assemble knowledge from library resources

Acquire practice and skill of library researcher

Resident librarians as game masters/mentors

“ Open source” game engine, content development, and community participation

(as described by Walt Scacchi, UCgamelab)

Goals of the Project … Design a computer game that will simulate the complex processes of selecting, using and evaluating multiple sources of information within a library setting Align the concepts taught within the game to the New Curriculum and the Information Skills Outcomes for First-Year Students document specifically outlined within the Fletcher Library Information Competencies Design a computer game that will incorporate assessment of student learning providing students with immediate, automatic feedback of their actions and skill level Target Benefits Provides systematic delivery of library instruction to first year students using an engaging, active learning model Contributes to the development of information competent students, positioning them for greater success in their classes Strengthens the library’s role in the education of ASU students Reduces the remedial work required by liaison librarians for upper division classes Automatic assessment of student skill level www.west.asu.edu/libcontrib/game/website/

Goals of the Project

… Design a computer game that will simulate the complex processes of selecting, using and evaluating multiple sources of information within a library setting

Align the concepts taught within the game to the New Curriculum and the Information Skills Outcomes for First-Year Students document specifically outlined within the Fletcher Library Information Competencies

Design a computer game that will incorporate assessment of student learning providing students with immediate, automatic feedback of their actions and skill level

Target Benefits

Provides systematic delivery of library instruction to first year students using an engaging, active learning model

Contributes to the development of information competent students, positioning them for greater success in their classes

Strengthens the library’s role in the education of ASU students

Reduces the remedial work required by liaison librarians for upper division classes

Automatic assessment of student skill level

www.west.asu.edu/libcontrib/game/website/

University of North Carolina Info Lit game 1 to 4 players Modelled on turn-based board games Questions cover various media , sources, plagiarism Playable online Can be adapted to own use http://library.uncg.edu/game/

1 to 4 players

Modelled on turn-based board games

Questions cover various media , sources, plagiarism

Playable online

Can be adapted to own use

http://library.uncg.edu/game/

Simple web-based games easy to make www.quia.com/rr/124501.html

7. Training library staff Christy Branston, GovInfo librarian, University of Waterloo library

Team-based challenge

Leaderboard

8. Empowering literacy through games Games, especially MMOGs, are literate. Combination of symbolic, textual, vocal and other forms of literacy and communication (see next slide). MMOGs are intellectually rich environments Collaborative problem-solving Sites for literacy practices MMOGs function as a new third place, especially for American youth - The Gaming Generation & Libraries: Intersections (Constance Steinkuehler)

Games, especially MMOGs, are literate.

Combination of symbolic, textual, vocal and other forms of literacy and communication (see next slide).

MMOGs are intellectually rich environments

Collaborative problem-solving

Sites for literacy practices

MMOGs function as a new third place, especially for American youth

- The Gaming Generation & Libraries: Intersections (Constance Steinkuehler)

9. Developing skills through supporting game design

10. Providing info services via virtual worlds www.flickr.com/photos/rosefirerising/526287970/

Hundreds of libraries, and librarians, in Second Life www.flickr.com/photos/inju/268061417/

Why? An extra presence in a place where potential library users may be Several modes of communication are conducive to discussion, assistance Various media can be piped through an SL installation Testbed: represent information, and information access, in ways not possible in the real world Your SL library is open 24/7, to anyone online A chance to build communities of libraries and librarians SL heavily promotes education; librarians “play” a natural supporting role in this

An extra presence in a place where potential library users may be

Several modes of communication are conducive to discussion, assistance

Various media can be piped through an SL installation

Testbed: represent information, and information access, in ways not possible in the real world

Your SL library is open 24/7, to anyone online

A chance to build communities of libraries and librarians

SL heavily promotes education; librarians “play” a natural supporting role in this

Discussion a’plenty…

American Library Association Techsource event Big event: 36 speakers Keynotes from Gee, Jenkins, Lawley Over-subscribed Not just librarians; educators, researchers, parents, teccies… Gaming sessions Whole day session on Second Life Tagged: technorati.com/tag/glls2007 First event; another in planning for next year.

American Library Association Techsource event

Big event:

36 speakers

Keynotes from Gee, Jenkins, Lawley

Over-subscribed

Not just librarians; educators, researchers, parents, teccies…

Gaming sessions

Whole day session on Second Life

Tagged: technorati.com/tag/glls2007

First event; another in planning for next year.

Google groups

Plenty of blogs on games in libraries

Library success: best practices wiki www.libsuccess.org/index.php?title=Gaming

Two of the books out there…

… and more to come in 2008: Casebook on Gaming in Academic Libraries . (Working Title). An ACRL Monograph. Edited by Amy Harris and Scott Rice. Expected Summer 2008. Game On!: Gaming at the Library . Beth Gallaway. Published in October 2008. Digital Games in Libraries and Information Science . (Working Title). John Kirriemuir. Published in September 2008.

Casebook on Gaming in Academic Libraries . (Working Title). An ACRL Monograph. Edited by Amy Harris and Scott Rice. Expected Summer 2008.

Game On!: Gaming at the Library . Beth Gallaway. Published in October 2008.

Digital Games in Libraries and Information Science . (Working Title). John Kirriemuir. Published in September 2008.

Digital Information Services? Information Studies? Information Science? Library Studies?

Reader, game, library, technology, literature...

Digital Info Service vs Digital Game Person goal: find relevant information Devises strategies to find information Trial and error; refine searches based on results Online versions: many simultaneous accesses Constantly developing as technologies, e.g. processor, broadband access, allow Academically cross-discipline: info studies, computing, media studies, psychology… Person goal: have an enjoyable time (or, curiosity) Devises strategies to move forward Trial and error; refine play techniques based on results Online versions: many simultaneous players Constantly developing as technologies, e.g. processor, broadband access, allow Academically cross-discipline: info studies, computing, media studies, psychology…

Person goal: find relevant information

Devises strategies to find information

Trial and error; refine searches based on results

Online versions: many simultaneous accesses

Constantly developing as technologies, e.g. processor, broadband access, allow

Academically cross-discipline: info studies, computing, media studies, psychology…

Person goal: have an enjoyable time (or, curiosity)

Devises strategies to move forward

Trial and error; refine play techniques based on results

Online versions: many simultaneous players

Constantly developing as technologies, e.g. processor, broadband access, allow

Academically cross-discipline: info studies, computing, media studies, psychology…

A few common areas of research (?) Human computer interface design Effectiveness as learning tools Distributed online multi-user information-based systems How various groups like professionals or school children search for information Interpretation of non-textual, symbolic information Collaborative (sociological) use Media and social perceptions Convergence with and within other online media Measuring information literacy through games and literature Movement of data between games/services (+ those 10 ways librarians and digital games collide)

Human computer interface design

Effectiveness as learning tools

Distributed online multi-user information-based systems

How various groups like professionals or school children search for information

Interpretation of non-textual, symbolic information

Collaborative (sociological) use

Media and social perceptions

Convergence with and within other online media

Measuring information literacy through games and literature

Movement of data between games/services

(+ those 10 ways librarians and digital games collide)

Digital library support for EU-funded learning games CERLIM (www.cerlim.ac.uk) providing the digital library infrastructure for the game data

CERLIM (www.cerlim.ac.uk) providing the digital library infrastructure for the game data

Creeping onto the Information Science and Studies curriculum Duke University

Inter-library game grid idea Virtual public network of online information servers accessible through local library PCs Create a virtual private network for inter-library multi-player games and tournaments Facilitate inter-library game play and game culture Deploy online community information-sharing system: • “ MyGameSpace” Web portal, blog, wiki, RSS, forum, etc. • library-specific, community oriented, ethnically diverse • built from open source software components • decentralized development cost, participation, and quality assurance Walt Scacchi (www.ics.uci.edu/~wscacchi), Opportunities for Game Culture and Technology in Public Libraries

Virtual public network of online information servers accessible through local library PCs

Create a virtual private network for inter-library multi-player games and tournaments

Facilitate inter-library game play and game culture

Deploy online community information-sharing system:

• “ MyGameSpace” Web portal, blog, wiki, RSS, forum, etc.

• library-specific, community oriented, ethnically diverse

• built from open source software components

• decentralized development cost, participation, and quality assurance

Walt Scacchi (www.ics.uci.edu/~wscacchi), Opportunities for Game Culture and Technology in Public Libraries

Researching real-life simulations in virtual worlds What Happens if you Catch Whypox? Children’s Learning Experiences of Infectious Disease in a Multi-user Virtual Environment "Similar to a natural virus, [which] in its DNA has the information encoded about what it's going to do, in a virtual world, when you have an outbreak, you have a piece of code with instructions about what it's going to do," said Yasmin Kafai, an associate professor of learning and instruction at UCLA's Graduate School of Education and Information Studies .” Learning from Virtual Plagues news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,39231001,00.htm

What Happens if you Catch Whypox? Children’s Learning Experiences of Infectious Disease in a Multi-user Virtual Environment

"Similar to a natural virus, [which] in its DNA has the information encoded about what it's going to do, in a virtual world, when you have an outbreak, you have a piece of code with instructions about what it's going to do," said Yasmin Kafai, an associate professor of learning and instruction at UCLA's Graduate School of Education and Information Studies .”

Scott Nicholson at Syracuse

Small amount of research on games in libraries

Librarians researching libraries in Second Life www.timothygreig.com/?page_id=24

Back where we started. Librarians, partying (in SL) www.flickr.com/photos/cambodia4kidsorg/250151073/