INDIA THE FIRST STOP
FOR EXPLORATION & MINING THROUGH
INVESTMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL-
HAVING ENORMOUS POTENTIALITIES

Himalaya
Indo Gangetic
alluvial plains
and Thar Desert
Naga-Andaman
fold belt
Deccan Trap
Peninsular India

INDIA HAS A LONG HERITAGE IN MINING.
The tell - tale evidences left includes:
the old workings,
the slag heaps,
the retorts used for smelting etc.

World w as introduced to the splendour of
diamond by I ndia in 400BC.
I ndia the sole supplier to the w orld till
discovery of Brazilian( 1728) and South
African diamond field( 1870) .
Ancient mining areas are confined to the
Proterozoic conglomerates and younger
alluvial gravel beds.
Majhgaw an pipe in Panna, MP is only
diamond mine.
Recent exploration has located 80 kimberlite
pipes of w hich 22 are diamondiferous.

India is known for its world famous diamonds since
historical times.
The celebrated diamonds of India are :
Great Moghul (787.5/289+9/16 ct),
the Koh-i-noor, (180 ?/108.93)-Jewel of British Crown
Pitt/ Regent (410/141 ct), Lover s Museum, Paris
Nizam (440 ct),
Hope, blue diamond (112/67 ct), Smithsonian Inst,
Washington
Orloff(300 ?/189.62 ct),: Kremlin Museum, Moscow
Daryia-i- noor(185 ct), Iranian Crown Jewel, Tehran
Sha : (95/88.7 cts) : Kremlin, Moscow
Great Table (250?/Not known) : Iran

The celebrated diamonds known to
have been recovered from the mines
along the alluvial tracts of Krishna
River, perhaps aptly referred to as
Diamond River by Ptolemy.

Kohinoor:180/108.93 ct
Dariya I noor:185 ct, Iranian crown Jewel
British Crown Jewel
Hope:
Kremlin,
67/45
Museum
Smithsonian Inst.
Moscow
Washington
Orlov:300/189.62

GOLD
I ndia has gold mining antiquity and w as a leading
producer from 1897-1937.
Kolar gold field has produced + 800tones of gold.
Current production of gold comes from the Achaean
Greenstone belts of Karnataka and Jharkhand.
Geological prospectivity exists in :
Achaean Granite-greenstone terrain
Proterozoic fold belt/ Supracrustal belt
Granulite terrain in South I ndia
Laterite and Placer gold
Recent finds:
Dona, Achaean Greenstone Terrain,AP : 19 tonnes
Bhukia ,Proterozoic fold belt of Rajasthan: 94 tonnes
Parasi, Proterozoic fold belt of Jharkhand: 4tonnes

India
India is the biggest consumer of gold.
Annual consumption (855 tonnes)
outweighs production (~8Tonnes)
Huge scope for exploration and
exploitation with a ready available
market

BASEMETAL
Presence of old workings still
Indian subcontinent has ancient considered a strong positive clue for
history of base metal (copper) base metal prospecting.
mining and smelting dating back Major basemetal deposits being
to Harappan and Mahenjodaro exploited includes: Khetri (133x1.3),
civilization (2000-2300 B.C.) Malanjkhand(236x1.28), Rampura
Agucha(61x12-13), Sindheswar
(324x4-7), etc
Geological environment and Geographical extent:
Hosted mainly in late-Archaean to early Proterozoic supracrustal belts
and granitoids.

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJASTHAN SHOWING MINERAL DISTRIBUTION
78°
76° 77°
75°
73° 74°
72°
71°
70°
30°
30°
GANGANAGAR
Copper
HANUMANGARH
Lead-Zinc GEOLOGICAL MAP OF
0 100km
RAJASTHAN
Gold 29°
29°
(Map outline from 2 million map of GSI)
Khetri
CHURU
JHUNJUNU 28°
BIKANER
Quaternary
28°
Kho-Dariba
ALWAR Deccan Trap
SIKAR
BHARATPUR Mesozoic & Tertiary of Jaisalmer
NAGAUR 27°
Marwar Supergroup
27° DAUSA
JAISALMER DHAULPUR Vindhyan Supergroup
Delhi Supergroup
AJMER
Kayar
JODHPUR
Khetri belt
TONK 26°
SAWAIMADHOPUR Pur-Banera, Rajpura-Dariba, Sawar
26°
Sawar Jahazpur, Jasma-Bhinder belts
PALI
BARMER Sawar belt
Lunavada Group
BUNDI
Pur-Banera
BHILWARA
Agucha Rakhabdev ultramafics
JALOR
Pur Banera belt KOTA BARAN 25°
Aravalli Supergroup
25°
Rajpura-Dariba belt CHITTORGARH
Hindoli Group
Rajpura-Dariba JHALAWAR
UDAIPUR
Granites & Granulites in Sandmata
Berach Granite (2.5 Ga)
24°
Pindwara-Watera
24°
Sandmata Complex
Bhukia
DUNGARPUR
Untala & Gingla granites (2.9 Ga)
Zawar BANSWARA
Mangalwar Complex
77°
76° 78°
75°
74°
73°
72°
71°
70°
Digitised by: D.J.Das Gupta, Geologist (Sr), W.R., Jaipur

Mineral Province map of India
Archaean - Proterozoic
Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Au, W, U,
Mo in volcani-sedimentary
sequences
Fe, Mn, Mg, Base metals,
phosphorite in sedimentary
environment
PGE, Cr, Ni, diamond in
ultramafic rocks
Base metals, Au, Mo
associated with acid-
intermediate magmatism
Sn, W, mica, rare metals
related to late hydrothermal /
pneumatolytic processes

RESOURCES OF MAJOR MINERALS ESTIMATED
(Resources in million tonnes unless otherwise stated)
Sl. Ore/Mineral Resource Resource Resource
No Position in Position Position as on
1955 in 1980 2005
1. IRON ORE 5000 11470 14630
(Hematite) (magne.10619)
2. BAUXITE 254 2489 3306
3. LIMESTONE - 72229 170458
4. LEAD-ZINC ORE 4.87 241 522
5. COPPER ORE 3.40 455 1394
6. MANGANESE ORE - 95 380
7. GOLD ORE 9.84 491(metal) tonnes
8. CHROMITE 3.4 17 213
9. DOLOMITE - 3738 7084
10. COAL 25000 111000 247846.85

LIFE INDEX, EXPORT IMPORT OF MINERALS
Mineral Resource Life index Production in Export in Import in
commodity as on 1.1.2000 thousand tonnes, thousand tonnes thousand
(IBM)(UNFC) 2003-04 , 2003-04 tonnes,
2003-04
IRON ORE Hm:11425 (6025MT 100 120601 57.094 520
reserve)
Mt :10682 (286 MT
reserve)
BAUXITE 2925.55 206 10956 1785 44
(524.09 MT reserve)
COPPER ORE 1338.38 75 2903 121.173 697.636
(289.57 reserve) (tonnes) (tonnes)
LEAD-ZINC 485.11 40 3660 834(Pb)+ 327.68 1059 Pb+
ORE (100.83MT reserve) Zn Conc. 37550 Zn
tonnes (tonnes)
LIMESTONE 170458 250 154,125 186 1036
DOLOMITE 7084.20 397 3820 78,985 (tonnes) 864
(tonnes)
MN-ORE 295.06 42 1738 336 7.6
( 104.54MT reserve)
GOLD ORE 184.47 Not 553 30 Kg 606.662 Kg
(10.08MTreserve) estimated
CHROMITE 178.72 41 3199 1098 2
(46.66MT reserve)

500
3500
3000
400
2500
300
2000
200
1500
1000
100
500
0
0
Manganese Chrom ite Gold
Coppe r ore L e a d - Z in c o r e B a u x it e
1955 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
250000
100000
200000
80000
150000 60000
100000 40000
20000
50000
0
0
Iron Ore Limestone
Coal Lignite
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
India s ranking in world production of
minerals
Wollastonite : First
Baryte & Chromite : Second
Coal & Lignite : Third
Iron ore : Fourth
Bauxite : Sixth
Mica & Mn ore : Eighth
Magnesite : Ninth
Exploration success comparable to developed countries in
terms of Rickad s index.
None to match performance in ferrous minerals and
bauxite.
In base metals exploration, success rate is better or equal
to USA, Australia, Canada and Europe

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
GROWTH OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
India produces 90 varieties of minerals and recorded
production value of US $ 16670 million.
Mineral share in GDP was 2.11% (2004-05)
Fuel mineral account for 76%, Metallic 11% and non-
metallic 3%.
9131 ( as on 31.3.2003) Mining leases granted covering
6,20,3.72 sq.km.
India exported Diamond (76.4%), iron ore(10.4%),
granite (5%), alumina (1.6%) and precious and
semiprecious stones minerals worth US $ 11090 million

Resources in
ALL INDIA POSITION 000 Tonnes
Mineral Total Leasehold Freehold
Resources Resources Resources
Barytes 73,988 31,830 42,158
Bauxite 3289397 1063496 2225900
Chromite 213063 141277 71785
Copper 11417 6533 4884
(Metal
Content)
Diamond 4581913 1209599 3372314
(in Carats)

Resources in
ALL INDIA POSITION 000 Tonnes
Mineral Total Leasehold Freehold
Resources Resources Resources
Graphite* 159267 6898 152368
Iron Ore 14630387 8953979 5676408
(Haematite)
Iron Ore 10619481 506933 10112548
(Magnetite)
Limestone* 170458656 19909617 150549039
Lead(Metal) 7207 3500 3707
Zinc(Metal) 24259 15269 8990
Manganese 378569 289938 88631
Ore
* Position as on 01.04.2000

I NDI A EXPLORATI ON & MI NI NG MI SSI ON
I ndia comfortably placed in resource position
and exploitability in several mineral
commodities but is import dependent on quite
a few minerals.
To fulfill the rising demands efforts to
augment the resource base through induction
of modern technology and adequate fund flow
is essential.
To convert the needs into reality, significant
changes in the National Mineral Policy have
been proposed to the Government for
consideration.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
STRENGTH :
High geological potential & reliable
geo-scientific database.
_ Ancient mining activity.
Rapidly developing infrastructure.
Large technical manpower availability.
Political stability & rule of law.
Organized banking system &
dynamic financial institutions.
Investor friendly Govt. policy and new
policy initiatives.

Weakness
World class deposits exist and are being
exploited. Available identified prospects are
small and medium sized and have been
prospected up to a shallow depth.
Resources are much more than reserve.
Resources have to be converted to reserve.
Inadequate availability of venture capital,
developing infrastructure, obsolete
technology resulted in low productivity.

Opportunity
Large area reconnaissance permit including aerial survey.
Exploration and exploitation of thirteen minerals
Conversion of resource to reserve for small and medium
sized deposits. Deeper probing to augment reserve.
Modern technology for discovery of concealed deposit and
conceptual oriented exploration in known metallogenic
provinces and virgin areas..
India continues to be a net importer of minerals and
metals.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
Opportunities for fresh investment
Development and augmentation of production of surplus
commodities like iron ore, bauxite, coal, beach placers etc.
Development of known deposits of economic and marginal
deposits of economic and marginal categories awaiting
exploitation such as basemetal deposits of Bihar,
Rajasthan and some other sectors
Cluster mining of small deposits of gold , tungsten,
basemetals etc.
Concept oriented regional scanning in known metallogenic
provinces and virgin areas for locating additional resources of
gold, diamond, basemetal, tungsten, tin , molybdenum etc.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
Opportunities for fresh investment
Search for mineral commodities which are yet to be located (except
in few places): such as PGE, Ni- sulphide, some rare earths and
rare metals in conducive metallogenic provinces.
Development of placer gold resource located along the frontal belt of
Himalaya and other selected sectors of Peninsular India.
Exploitation of lateritic nickel in Orissa, molybdenum in Tamil Nadu,
Scheelite resource located in various parts of the country and gem
stones.
Augmentation of recoverable resources of chromite and
manganese.
Development of offshore placers and coal bed methane.

Threat
Uncertainty in the field of mineral
exploration and the success rate
. Here shall he see no enemy
but winter and rough weather .

16% of the world population inhabiting 2.4% of land area
will require natural resources for sustainable development.
Shortage of resources of many critical minerals
Low per capita consumption today: accelerated growth
likely to trigger off tremendous demand for mineral
resources including water.
Conducive environment being created through liberalized
mineral policy.
The explorers and miners of this millennium will have to
search for natural resources for tangible solutions for the
mutual benefits

Technical and scientific manpower available
on mutually agreed terms in all the fields of
exploration and exploitation from GSI, IBM,
MECL.
Field visits can be organized as a package
deal.
Prospect based geochemical maps available.
Regional geochemical maps are being
generated through Regional geochemical
mapping.

Geological map : Quadrangle sheet
(1:250,000):India covered by 394 sheets , 282
already available in printed form.
Geological map : 1:50,000; India covered by 5014
sheets : 4176 sheets have been compiled and
available.
Library facility, having a data base of over 155
years is accessible for published material and for
unpublished material (reading only).
In addition district resource maps and mineral belt
maps are also available.
Analytical facilities with instruments like ICP-MS,
ICP-AES, XRF, GF-AAS etc can be availed.

Derivative maps produced by aero
geophysical survey and remote sensing can
be available on customized demand.
General Information Dossier (GID) giving
general picture of the mineral potential of
various geological domains/milieu available
for : Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromite,
Tungsten and Copper-lead-zinc.

Basic data on mineral provinces, belts and
known deposits and occurrences available in the
form of detailed information dossier (DID): on
Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Chromite, Tungsten and Copper-
lead-zinc.
DID gives an idea about the potentiality of each
block explored so that prospective investors can
apply for PL/ML and obtain GSI regional
exploration report carried out in various stages
(P-I,P-II, E-I & E-II) and MECL detailed exploration
report, after getting the mineral concessions.