gold nano particles a new approach for cancer treatment

1. Golden Bullet Technology in
Treatment of Cancer
Presented
by
B.Shreni
Industrial Pharmacy
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Thermal Therapies
• Gold Nanoparticle Design for Photothermal Therapy
• Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles
• Types of Gold Nanoparticles
• Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
• Mechanism
• Characterization
• Applications
• References

3. Cancer
• Cancer is a disease where cells grow out of
control invades,erodes,and destroy normal
tissue.
Chemotherapy Radiation

4. • Individuals undergoing chemotherapy frequently report
experiencing symptoms as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
constipation or diarrhea.
• Fever and fatigue are also common side effects experienced by
chemotherapy patients.
• The most apparent and emotionally challenging side effect
associated with chemo treatment is alopecia--a medical
condition in which hair falls out

5. When the world says give up…
Hope whispers try one more time

6. • Here’s the hope …….
Nanotechnology based drug delivery system
Nanotechnology is the science that deals with the processes
that occur at molecular level and of nanolength scale size.

7. Nanoparticles
• Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems enable unique
approaches for cancer treatment.
• Nanoparticles have optical, magnetic, chemical and structural
properties that set them apart from bulk solids, with potential
applications in medicine
• Gold (au) nanoparticles (aunps) exhibit a combination of
physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties
• Gold nano particles plays a multifunctional role in
Image and diagnose diseases
Deliver of therapeutic agents
Administer electromagnetic radiation to disease site

8. Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Thermal Therapies
• Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for
cancer therapy
• These are beneficial in diagnosis of cancer due to their photo
physical property and optical property.
• Unlike conventional cancer treatments, the golden
nanoparticle approach uses no toxic chemicals and no
radiation, reducing the risk of unpleasant side effects.
• This therapy will work on any soft-tissue tumours, such as the
breast, prostate, brain, skin, head, neck and cervix.
• The nano particles are designed to convert light into heat -
blasting away the surrounding cancerous tissue.

9. • Gold nano particles occur as clusters of gold atoms up to
100nm in diameter
• Nanogold has unusal visible properties as the particles are
small enough to scatter visible light
• Mass gold reflects light
• Gold nano particles appear deep red to black in solution-
colour depends on size of nano particles
• Surface plasmone resonance is the term used by
nanotechnologists in Biosensing

10. Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles
• Gold nanoparticles are chemically inert
• These have greater biological compatibility
• Optical properties like plasmon resonance are fluorescence
and chemiluminescence having better exhibited by gold
nanoparticles
• Gold nanoparticles provide microscopic probes for the study
of the cancer cell
• Gold nanoparticles accumulate in the cancerous cell and show
the cytotoxic effect i.e. apoptosis or necrosis of the specific
cell and cell specific receptor
• These have high stability due to the gold-sulphur bonds

11. Appearance of gold nano particles on
binding with cancerous cells
• By adding conjugated nano particle solution to healthy cells
and cancerous cells and focussing it under a microscope
shining cancerous cells are observed

12. Gold Nanoparticle Design for
Photothermal Therapy
Key features:
• Wavelength of maximal absorption
• absorption cross-section
• size of the particle
 Gold is a good conductor of heat.
• Gold nanoparticles are able to be
heate heated up by radio frequency.
• The heated NP would inturn heat the
• cancer cell and makes it destroyed.
•

13. Types of Gold Nanoparticles
Nanorods
Nanoshells
Nanocages

14. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Precursor: HAuCl4 , other gold salts
Stabilizer:carboxylates, phosphines, amines, thiols, polymers
Reducing agent: citrate, ascorbic acid, borohydrides
Turkevich method:
• Small amounts of hot chlorauric acid is reacted with small
amounts of sodium citrate solution. The colloidal gold will
form because the citrate ions act as both a reducing agent, and
a capping agent.
• There by monodisperse gold nanospheres are produced.
• The size of the nanospheres can be controlled by varying the
citrate/gold ratio.
• The major limitations of this method are the low yield and the
restriction of using water as the solvent.

15. Brust method
• This method used to produce gold nanoparticles in organic
liquids that are normally not miscible with water (like toluene)
• It involves the reaction of a chlorauric acid solution with
tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) solution in toluene and
sodium borohydride as an anti-coagulant and a reducing agent,
respectively

16. Martin Method
• “Naked” gold nanoparticles are produced in water by
reducing HAuCl4 with NaBH4. Even without any other
stabilizer like citrate, gold nanoparticles are stably dispersed.
• The key is to stabilize HAuCl4 and NaBH4 in the aqueous
stock solutions with HCl and NaOH for >3 months and >3
hours respectively

17. Mechanism
• Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been engineered such that
their plasmon resonance is tuned to near infrared (NIR)
wavelengths, which allows them to absorb and convert this
energy to heat leading to hyperthermic temperatures of
surrounding media As a result GNPs have received increased
attention for localized administration of hyperthermia for
cancer cells ablation, and this approach is currently in early
clinical trials

19. Characterization of gold nanoparticles
• UV-Vis spectroscopy: The formation of gold nanoparticles
was followed by scanning the solution containing gold
nanoparticles at the wave length ranged from 400-700 nm
• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): The analysis of
synthesized gold nanoparticles was carried out on the film
coated drop of nanoparticles employing transmission electron
microscopy

20. Applications
• Gold Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Protein, Peptides and
Nucleic Acid
• Medical imaging
• Diseases can be diagnosed through the detection of a
biomolecule(s) characteristic to a specific disease type and
stage
• Detection of tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle
with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then
detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique
• Selective Photothermal cancer therapy

21. Progress
• Organo gold compounds has been prepared that are sufficiently
stable under physiological conditions and are promising candidates
for pharmacological testing as cytotoxic agent
• Gold is highly resistent to bacteria and can be used to prevent the
growth in infections
• Gold nanoparticles are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
and other autoimmune diseases

22. Future
Golden bullet technology in patient treatment

23. Conclusion
Gold and nanotechnology in the age of
innovation is gold for good

24. References
• Going Small for Big Advances (2004). National Institutes of
Health Publication Number 04-5489. [Kindle Edition]
Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/gold-
nanotech1.htm
• http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/nanoparticle-
chemotherapy-1005.html
• http://nano.cancer.gov/learn/now/
• http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/16/gold-
nanoparticles-cancer-dogs

25. Thank you