Tools for Information Processing

Organising is the process of arranging, representing or formatting data for the use of other information processes

Organising is the process of arranging, representing or formatting data for the use of other information processes

how different methods of organising affect processing, for example: letters of the alphabet represented as images rather than text numbers represented as text rather than numeric

how different methods of organising affect processing, for example:

letters of the alphabet represented as images rather than text

numbers represented as text rather than numeric

Data that has been collected needs to be processed before being used, however processing can support any stage of the information processes The organising process can have major effects on other processes, eg, when you scan something as an image rather than text

Data that has been collected needs to be processed before being used, however processing can support any stage of the information processes

The organising process can have major effects on other processes, eg, when you scan something as an image rather than text

Practical Task: Type up the following in MS Word. Save as MS Word document PDF (You will need to print as…PDF) HTML RTF TXT

Practical Task:

Type up the following in MS Word.

Save as

MS Word document

PDF (You will need to print as…PDF)

HTML

RTF

TXT

Images Still pictures can be either bit mapped or vector Paint graphics are saved as bit-maps Each individual pixel is saved Pixel = Pic ture El ement (smallest part of the image

Images

Still pictures can be either bit mapped or vector

Paint graphics are saved as bit-maps

Each individual pixel is saved

Pixel = Pic ture El ement (smallest part of the image

Note the pixels when the image is enlarged

Stored as Vectors Co-ordinates needed to define the shapes are saved 5,5 1,1 5,2 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,10

Stored as Vectors

Co-ordinates needed to define the shapes are saved

Image Pallete: Eg, Gif are limited to 256 colours (for compression) RGB vs CMKY

Image Pallete:

Eg, Gif are limited to 256 colours (for compression)

RGB vs CMKY

Format Adv antages Disadvantages BMP Gif Jpeg/jpg png WMF Flash .swf

Data is stored as a wave, with corresponding points stored.

Data is stored as a wave, with corresponding points stored.

Sound is analog data: it has continuous variable points Audio is sound which has been digitised by a computer Sound is converted to audio via the sound card which is a d  a and a  d converter

Sound is analog data: it has continuous variable points

Audio is sound which has been digitised by a computer

Sound is converted to audio via the sound card which is a d  a and a  d converter

Sampling has 3 characteristics Sampling rate: number of times a sample (Slice) is taken from a sound wave. Higher sampling rate, the better quality the sound Two common sampling Rates: 44.1kHz (44100 samples per second) 22.05kHz (22050 samples per second)

Sampling has 3 characteristics

Sampling rate: number of times a sample (Slice) is taken from a sound wave.

Higher sampling rate, the better quality the sound

Two common sampling Rates:

44.1kHz (44100 samples per second)

22.05kHz (22050 samples per second)

Sample size is the number of bits per sample (number of possible points) More bits= higher quality sound 8 bit 16 bit

Sample size is the number of bits per sample (number of possible points)

More bits= higher quality sound

8 bit 16 bit

Format Compression Features MP3 Ogg Vorbis WMA WAV

Animation is the movement of a graphic that is the result of still images placed together in a sequence and run over time Video combines pictures and sounds displayed over time. Video (as opposed to animation) starts with a continuous event and breaks it up into frames, whereas an animation starts with frames.

Animation is the movement of a graphic that is the result of still images placed together in a sequence and run over time

Video combines pictures and sounds displayed over time. Video (as opposed to animation) starts with a continuous event and breaks it up into frames, whereas an animation starts with frames.

Analog signals (pictures and audio) are converted to digital signals via a video capture card A video or animation is made up of frames: individual pictures that are put together to create the illusion of movement.

Analog signals (pictures and audio) are converted to digital signals via a video capture card

A video or animation is made up of frames: individual pictures that are put together to create the illusion of movement.

Video files are very large, which is an important factor in deciding what hardware to use to store the video files. Speed is an issue in video and animation…the frame rate is the number of frames per second that are shown Higher frame rate = higher quality, smoother video= more file size needed

Video files are very large, which is an important factor in deciding what hardware to use to store the video files.

Speed is an issue in video and animation…the frame rate is the number of frames per second that are shown

Higher frame rate = higher quality, smoother video= more file size needed

Compression Features FLV SWF AVI MPEG4 MOV