Testing untestable code - PHPBNL11

Testing untestable code Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG "Quality is a function of thought and reflection - precise thought and reflection. That’s the magic." Michael Feathers

About me Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG Department Manager Research Labs enjoying PHP since 1999 S.Hochdoerfer@bitExpert.de @shochdoerfer

Warning! Use at your own risk...

No excuse for writing bad code!

Seriously, I am not kidding!

Theory "There is no secret to writing tests, there are only secrets to write testable code!" Miško Hevery

Theory What is „untestable code“?

Theory What is „untestable code“? s „new“ is evil!

Theory What is „untestable code“?

Theory "...our test strategy requires us to have more control or visibility of the internal behavior of the system under test." Gerard Meszaros, xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test Code

Theory Required Required class class Class to Unittest Class to Unittest Test Test Required Required class class

Theory Database Database Required Required class class External Class to External Unittest Class to resource Unittest test resource test Required Required class class Required Required Required Required Webservice class class Webservice class class

Theory How to achieve „testable“ code?

Theory How to achieve „testable“ code? Refactoring

Theory "Before you start refactoring, check that you have a solid suite of tests." Martin Fowler, Refactoring

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code Let the work begin...

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code Safty instructions Do not change existing code!

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | __autoload<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | __autoload<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}How to inject a dependency? Use __autoload

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | __autoload<?phpfunction run_autoload($psClass) { $sFileToInclude = strtolower($psClass)..php; if(strtolower($psClass) == engine) { $sFileToInclude = /custom/mocks/.$sFileToInclude; } include($sFileToInclude);}// Testcasespl_autoload_register(run_autoload);$oCar = new Car(Diesel);echo $oCar->run();

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path<?phpinclude(Engine.php);class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path<?phpinclude(Engine.php);class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}How to inject a dependency? Manipulate include_path setting

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path<?phpini_set(include_path, /custom/mocks/.PATH_SEPARATOR. ini_get(include_path));// Testcaseinclude(car.php);$oCar = new Car(Diesel);echo $oCar->run();

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path alternative<?phpinclude(Engine.php);class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path alternative<?phpinclude(Engine.php);class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); }}How to inject a dependency? Custom Stream Wrapper behaviour Idea by Alex Netkachov, http://www.alexatnet.com/node/203

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path alternative<?phpclass CustomFileStreamWrapper { private $_handler; function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, &$opened_path) { stream_wrapper_restore(file); // @TODO: modify $path before fopen $this->_handler = fopen($path, $mode); stream_wrapper_unregister(file); stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper); return true; } function stream_read($count) {} function stream_write($data) {} function stream_tell() {} function stream_eof() {} function stream_seek($offset, $whence) {}}stream_wrapper_unregister(file);stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper);

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | include_path alternative<?phpclass CustomFileStreamWrapper { private $_handler; function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, &$opened_path) { stream_wrapper_restore(file); $this->_handler = fopen($path, $mode); stream_wrapper_unregister(file); stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper); return true; } function stream_read($count) { $content = fread($this->_handler, $count); $content = str_replace(Engine::getByType, AbstractEngine::get, $content); return $content; }}stream_wrapper_unregister(file);stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper);include(engine.php);?>

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code How to test private methods?

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code How to test private methods? There`s no need to!

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code How to test private methods? There`s no need to, but...

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | private vs. protected<?phpclass CustomFileStreamWrapper { private $_handler; function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, &$opened_path) { stream_wrapper_restore(file); $this->_handler = fopen($path, $mode); stream_wrapper_unregister(file); stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper); return true; } function stream_read($count) { $content = fread($this->_handler, $count); $content = str_replace(private function, public function, $content); return $content; }}stream_wrapper_unregister(file);stream_wrapper_register(file, CustomFileStreamWrapper);include(engine.php);?>

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Namespaces<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = CarEngine::getByType($sEngine); }}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Namespaces<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this->Engine = CarEngine::getByType($sEngine); }}How to inject a dependency? Use __autoload or manipulate the include_path

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | vfsStream<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine, $CacheDir) { $this->Engine = CarEngine::getByType($sEngine); mkdir($CacheDir./cache/, 0700, true); }}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | vfsStream<?phpclass Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine, $CacheDir) { $this->Engine = CarEngine::getByType($sEngine); mkdir($CacheDir./cache/, 0700, true); }}How mock a filesystem? Use vfsStream - http://code.google.com/p/bovigo/

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | vfsStream<?php// setup vfsStreamvfsStreamWrapper::register();vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory(app));$oCar = new Car(Diesel, vfsStream::url(app));echo vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot()->hasChild(cache);

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Database Database Testing  Use the methods provided by your favourite framework  e.g Zend Framework  Implement Zend_Db_Statement_Interface  subclass Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract $db = new Custom_Db_Adapter(array()); Zend_Db_Table::setDefaultAdapter($db);

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Database Database Testing  For low-level database access:  e.g MySQL  do not load the mysql extension  Add custom userland implementations of mysql_* functions

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Database Database Testing  Use the methods provided by your favourite unittest framework  e.g PHPUnit  extend PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase  implement getConnection() and getDataset()

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Database Database Testing  Use the methods provided by your favourite sql server (and tools)  e.g MySQL  use MySQL Proxy to transparently switch databases  Begin and rollback transactions

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code „I have no idea how to unit-test procedural code. Unit-testing assumes that I can instantiate a piece of my application in isolation.“ Miško Hevery

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Test functions<?phpfunction startsWith($sString, $psPre) { return $psPre == substr($sString, 0, strlen($psPre));}function contains($sString, $sSearch) { return false !== strpos($sString, $sSearch);}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Test functions<?phpfunction startsWith($sString, $psPre) { return $psPre == substr($sString, 0, strlen($psPre));}function contains($sString, $sSearch) { return false !== strpos($sString, $sSearch);}How to test PHPUnit can call functions

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | Test functions<?phpfunction startsWith($sString, $psPre) { return $psPre == substr($sString, 0, strlen($psPre));}function contains($sString, $sSearch) { return false !== strpos($sString, $sSearch);}How to test PHPUnit can call functions PHPUnit can save/restore globale state

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | overwrite internal functions<?phpfunction buyCar(Car $oCar) { global $oDB; mysql_query("INSERT INTO...", $oDB); mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....);}

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | overwrite internal functions<?phpfunction buyCar(Car $oCar) { global $oDB; mysql_query("INSERT INTO...", $oDB); mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....);}How to test Unfortunatley mail() is part of the PHP core and cannot be unloaded

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | overwrite internal functions<?phpfunction buyCar(Car $oCar) { global $oDB; mysql_query("INSERT INTO...", $oDB); mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....);}How to test Use classkit extension to overwrite internal functions

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code | overwrite internal functions<?phpini_set(runkit.internal_override, 1);runkit_function_redefine(mail,,return true;);?>

Testing „untestable“ PHP Code

Generating testable code What else? Remember: No changes to the source code!

Generating testable code What else? Generative Programming

Generating testable code Generative Programming Configuration Configuration 1 ... n Implementation Implementation Generator Product components Generator Product components Generator Generator application application

Generating testable code Generative Programming Configuration Configuration Application Application Implementation Implementation Generator components Generator components Testcases Testcases Generator Generator application application

Generating testable code Generative Programming A frame is a data structure for representing knowledge.

Generating testable codeFileFrm FILEIndex_php5 { private String Prefix = "test_"; private String MailSlot = "mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....);"; public FILEIndex_php5() { setFilename("index.php5"); setRelativePath("/"); } private void assign() {BEGINCONTENT()<?phpfunction buyCar(Car $oCar) {global $oDB;<!{Prefix}!>mysql_query(„INSERT INTO...“, $oDB);<!{MailSlot}!>}?>ENDCONTENT() }}

Generating testable code Generative Programming Extraction  Show / hide parts of the code Example MailSlot: mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....);

Generating testable code Generative Programming Extraction  Show / hide parts of the code Example MailSlot: mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....); <?php function buyCar(Car $oCar) { global $oDB; mysql_query("INSERT INTO...", $oDB); mail(order@domain.org, New sale, ....); } ?>

Generating testable code Course of action Customizing  Change content of global vars  Pre/Postfixes for own functions, methods, classes Example Prefix: test_

Generating testable code Course of action Customizing  Change content of global vars  Pre/Postfixes for own functions, methods, classes Example Prefix: test_ <?php function buyCar(Car $oCar) { global $oDB; test_mysql_query("INSERT INTO...", $oDB); }

Conclusion How much effort to take?

Conclusion Conclusion Change your mindset to write testable code!

Conclusion Conclusion PHP is a swiss army knife.

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Testing untestable code - PHPBNL11

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