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Testing untestable code
Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG
Testing untestable code

 About me

  Stephan Hochdörfer

  Head of IT at bitExpert AG, Germany

  enjoying PHP since 1999

  S.Hochdoerfer@bitExpert.de

  @shochdoerfer
Testing untestable code

 No excuse for writing bad code!
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code




     "Hang the rules. They're more like
           guidelines anyway."
            Elizabeth Swann, Pirates of the Caribbean
Testing untestable code




     "There is no secret to writing tests,
       there are only secrets to write
               testable code!"
                          Miško Hevery
Testing untestable code

 What is „untestable code“?
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code




    "...our test strategy requires us to
    have more control [...] of the sut."
    Gerard Meszaros, xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test
                            Code
Testing untestable code

 In a perfect world...




                  Unittest
                   Unittest   SUT
                               SUT
Testing untestable code

 Legacy code is not perfect...


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency

       Unittest
        Unittest          SUT
                           SUT


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency
Testing untestable code
                                 ...
 Legacy code is not perfect...


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency

       Unittest
        Unittest          SUT
                           SUT


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency




                                  ...
Testing untestable code
                                 ...
 Legacy code is not perfect...


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency

       Unittest
        Unittest          SUT
                           SUT


                                 Dependency
                                  Dependency




                                  ...
Testing untestable code

 How to get „testable“ code?
Testing untestable code

 How to get „testable“ code?




                   Refactoring
Testing untestable code




   "Before you start refactoring, check
      that you have a solid suite of
                  tests."
                  Martin Fowler, Refactoring
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code

 Which path to take?
Testing untestable code

 Which path to take?




       Do not change existing code!
Testing untestable code

 Examples




 Object Construction      External resources   Language issues
Testing untestable code

 Object construction
 <?php
 class Car {
    private $Engine;

     public function __construct($sEngine) {
        $this­>Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine);
     }

 }
Testing untestable code

 Object construction - Autoload
 <?php
 function run_autoload($psClass) {
    $sFileToInclude = strtolower($psClass).'.php';
    if(strtolower($psClass) == 'engine') {
       $sFileToInclude = '/custom/mocks/'.
       $sFileToInclude;
    }
    include($sFileToInclude);
 }


 // Testcase
 spl_autoload_register('run_autoload');
 $oCar = new Car('Diesel');
 echo $oCar­>run();
Testing untestable code

 Object construction
 <?php
 include('Engine.php');

 class Car {
    private $Engine;

     public function __construct($sEngine) {
        $this­>Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine);
     }
 }
Testing untestable code

 Object construction - include_path
 <?php
 ini_set('include_path',
    '/custom/mocks/'.PATH_SEPARATOR.
    ini_get('include_path'));

 // Testcase
 include('car.php');

 $oCar = new Car('Diesel');
 echo $oCar­>run();
Testing untestable code

 Object construction – Stream Wrapper
 <?php
 class CustomWrapper {
   private $_handler;

   function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, 
 &$opened_path) {

     stream_wrapper_restore('file');
     // @TODO: modify $path before fopen
     $this­>_handler = fopen($path, $mode);
     stream_wrapper_unregister('file');
     stream_wrapper_register('file', 'CustomWrapper');
     return true;
   }
 }
Testing untestable code

 Object construction – Stream Wrapper
 stream_wrapper_unregister('file');
 stream_wrapper_register('file', 'CustomWrapper');
Testing untestable code

 Object construction – Stream Wrapper
 <?php
 class CustomWrapper {
    private $_handler;

    function stream_read($count) {
       $content = fread($this­>_handler, $count);
       $content = str_replace('Engine::getByType',
        'AbstractEngine::get', $content);
       return $content;
    }
 }
Testing untestable code

 External resources
Testing untestable code

 External resources



             Database     Webservice



            Filesystem    Mailserver
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database




          Provide own implementation
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database



                      ZF1 example:
          $db = new Custom_Db_Adapter(array());
          Zend_Db_Table::setDefaultAdapter($db);
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database




PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database
 require_once 
 "PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php";

 class MySampleTest extends 
 PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase
 {
     public function getConnection() {
         $pdo = new PDO('sqlite::memory:');
         return $this­>createDefaultDBConnection
             $pdo, ':memory:');
     }

     public function getDataSet() {
         return $this­>createFlatXMLDataSet(
             dirname(__FILE__).'/_files/data.xml'
         );
     }
 }
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock database




            Proxy for your SQL Server
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock webservice
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock webservice




          Provide own implementation
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock webservice




           Host redirect via /etc/hosts
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock filesystem
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock filesystem
 <?php

 // set up test environmemt
 vfsStream::setup('exampleDir');

 // create directory in test enviroment
 mkdir(vfsStream::url('exampleDir').'/sample/');

 // check if directory was created
 echo vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot()­>hasChild('sample');
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock Mailserver
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock Mailserver




                 Use fake mail server
Testing untestable code

 External resources – Mock Mailserver
 $ cat /etc/php5/php.ini | grep sendmail_path
 sendmail_path=/usr/local/bin/logmail

 $ cat /usr/local/bin/logmail
 cat >> /tmp/logmail.log
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




             Testing your privates?
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues
 <?php
 class CustomWrapper {
    private $_handler;

    function stream_read($count) {
       $content = fread($this­>_handler, $count);
       $content = str_replace(
          'private function',
          'public function', 
          $content
       );
       return $content;
    }
 }
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues
 $myClass = new MyClass();

 $reflectionClass  = new ReflectionClass('MyClass');
 $reflectionMethod = $reflectionClass­>
                         getMethod('mydemo');
 $reflectionMethod­>setAccessible(true);
 $reflectionMethod­>invoke($myClass);
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




       Overwrite internal functions?
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




              pecl install runkit-0.9
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues - Runkit
 <?php

 ini_set('runkit.internal_override', '1');

 runkit_function_redefine('mail','','return 
 true;');

 ?>
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




       pecl install funcall-0.3.0alpha
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues - Funcall
 <?php
 function my_func($arg1, $arg2) {
     return $arg1.$arg2;
 }

 function post_cb($args,$result,
 $process_time) {
   // return custom result based on 
 $args
 }

 fc_add_post('my_func','post_cb');
 var_dump(my_func('php', 'c'));
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




               funcall for methods?
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues




 git clone https://github/juliens/AOP
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues - AOP
 <?php

 aop_add_after('Car::drive*', 
 'adviceForDrive');
Testing untestable code

 Dealing with language issues - AOP
 <?php

 $advice = function(AopTriggeredJoinpoint
 $jp) {
   $returnValue = 
      $jp­>getReturnedValue();

   // modify the return value
   $returnValue = 1234;

   $jp­>setReturnedValue($returnValue);
 };

 aop_add_after('Car­>drive()', $advice);
Testing untestable code

 And now? Spaghetti mess...
 <?php
 $all_tables_query  = ' SELECT table_name, MAX(version) as
 version FROM ...';
 $all_tables_result = 
 PMA_query_as_controluser($all_tables_query);

 // If a HEAD version exists
 if (PMA_DBI_num_rows($all_tables_result) > 0) {
 ?>
     <div id="tracked_tables">
     <h3><?php echo __('Tracked tables');?></h3>
 <?php
 }
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code - ConFoo13
Testing untestable code

 What else?




           Generative Programming
Testing untestable code

 Generative Programming

                          Configuration
                           Configuration
                             (DSL)
                              (DSL)



                                           1..n
   Implementation-
    Implementation-
     components
                          Generator
                          Generator          Product
      components                              Product
Testing untestable code

 Generative Programming

                          Configuration
                           Configuration
                             (DSL)
                              (DSL)
                                           Customer 22
                                            Customer



   Implementation-
    Implementation-
     components
                          Generator
                          Generator        Customer 11
      components                            Customer
Testing untestable code

 Generative Programming

                          Configuration
                           Configuration
                             (DSL)
                              (DSL)
                                              Test
                                               Test
                                           Enviroment
                                            Enviroment



   Implementation-
    Implementation-
     components
                          Generator
                          Generator          Prod.
                                              Prod.
      components                           Enviroment
                                            Enviroment
Testing untestable code

 Generative Programming




       A frame is a data structure
       for representing knowledge.
Testing untestable code

 Frame
 <?php
 class Car {
    private $Engine;

     public function __construct($sEngine) {
        $this­>Engine = <!{Factory}!>::
           getByType($sEngine);
     }

 }
Testing untestable code

 ContentProvider for the Frame
 public class MyContentProvider extends
     AbstractContentProvider {
     public SlotConfiguration computeSlots(
         FeatureConfiguration config) {
         SlotConfiguration sl = new SlotConfiguration();

         if(config.hasFeature("unittest")) {
             sl.put("Factory", "FactoryMock");
         } else {
             sl.put("Factory", "EngineFactory");
         }
         return sl;
     }
 }
Testing untestable code

 Generated result – Test Enviroment
 <?php
 class Car {
    private $Engine;

     public function __construct($sEngine) {
        $this­>Engine = FactoryMock::
           getByType($sEngine);
     }

 }
Testing untestable code

 Generated result – Prod. Enviroment
 <?php
 class Car {
    private $Engine;

     public function __construct($sEngine) {
        $this­>Engine = EngineFactory::
           getByType($sEngine);
     }

 }
Testing untestable code

 Curious for more?




                     http://replicatorframework.org
Thank you!
http://joind.in/7972
Testing untestable code

 Flickr Credits

 http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3452940751/
 http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3455410635/

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Testing untestable code - ConFoo13

  • 1. Testing untestable code Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG
  • 2. Testing untestable code About me  Stephan Hochdörfer  Head of IT at bitExpert AG, Germany  enjoying PHP since 1999  S.Hochdoerfer@bitExpert.de  @shochdoerfer
  • 3. Testing untestable code No excuse for writing bad code!
  • 6. Testing untestable code "Hang the rules. They're more like guidelines anyway." Elizabeth Swann, Pirates of the Caribbean
  • 7. Testing untestable code "There is no secret to writing tests, there are only secrets to write testable code!" Miško Hevery
  • 8. Testing untestable code What is „untestable code“?
  • 14. Testing untestable code "...our test strategy requires us to have more control [...] of the sut." Gerard Meszaros, xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test Code
  • 15. Testing untestable code In a perfect world... Unittest Unittest SUT SUT
  • 16. Testing untestable code Legacy code is not perfect... Dependency Dependency Unittest Unittest SUT SUT Dependency Dependency
  • 17. Testing untestable code ... Legacy code is not perfect... Dependency Dependency Unittest Unittest SUT SUT Dependency Dependency ...
  • 18. Testing untestable code ... Legacy code is not perfect... Dependency Dependency Unittest Unittest SUT SUT Dependency Dependency ...
  • 19. Testing untestable code How to get „testable“ code?
  • 20. Testing untestable code How to get „testable“ code? Refactoring
  • 21. Testing untestable code "Before you start refactoring, check that you have a solid suite of tests." Martin Fowler, Refactoring
  • 23. Testing untestable code Which path to take?
  • 24. Testing untestable code Which path to take? Do not change existing code!
  • 25. Testing untestable code Examples Object Construction External resources Language issues
  • 26. Testing untestable code Object construction <?php class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this­>Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); } }
  • 27. Testing untestable code Object construction - Autoload <?php function run_autoload($psClass) { $sFileToInclude = strtolower($psClass).'.php'; if(strtolower($psClass) == 'engine') { $sFileToInclude = '/custom/mocks/'.       $sFileToInclude; } include($sFileToInclude); } // Testcase spl_autoload_register('run_autoload'); $oCar = new Car('Diesel'); echo $oCar­>run();
  • 28. Testing untestable code Object construction <?php include('Engine.php'); class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this­>Engine = Engine::getByType($sEngine); } }
  • 29. Testing untestable code Object construction - include_path <?php ini_set('include_path', '/custom/mocks/'.PATH_SEPARATOR. ini_get('include_path')); // Testcase include('car.php'); $oCar = new Car('Diesel'); echo $oCar­>run();
  • 30. Testing untestable code Object construction – Stream Wrapper <?php class CustomWrapper {   private $_handler;   function stream_open($path, $mode, $options,  &$opened_path) {     stream_wrapper_restore('file');  // @TODO: modify $path before fopen     $this­>_handler = fopen($path, $mode);     stream_wrapper_unregister('file');     stream_wrapper_register('file', 'CustomWrapper');     return true;   } }
  • 31. Testing untestable code Object construction – Stream Wrapper stream_wrapper_unregister('file'); stream_wrapper_register('file', 'CustomWrapper');
  • 32. Testing untestable code Object construction – Stream Wrapper <?php class CustomWrapper { private $_handler; function stream_read($count) { $content = fread($this­>_handler, $count); $content = str_replace('Engine::getByType',        'AbstractEngine::get', $content); return $content; } }
  • 33. Testing untestable code External resources
  • 34. Testing untestable code External resources Database Webservice Filesystem Mailserver
  • 35. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database
  • 36. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database Provide own implementation
  • 37. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database ZF1 example: $db = new Custom_Db_Adapter(array()); Zend_Db_Table::setDefaultAdapter($db);
  • 38. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase
  • 39. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database require_once  "PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php"; class MySampleTest extends  PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase {     public function getConnection() {         $pdo = new PDO('sqlite::memory:');         return $this­>createDefaultDBConnection         $pdo, ':memory:');     }     public function getDataSet() {         return $this­>createFlatXMLDataSet(         dirname(__FILE__).'/_files/data.xml'     );     } }
  • 40. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock database Proxy for your SQL Server
  • 41. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock webservice
  • 42. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock webservice Provide own implementation
  • 43. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock webservice Host redirect via /etc/hosts
  • 44. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock filesystem
  • 45. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock filesystem <?php // set up test environmemt vfsStream::setup('exampleDir'); // create directory in test enviroment mkdir(vfsStream::url('exampleDir').'/sample/'); // check if directory was created echo vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot()­>hasChild('sample');
  • 46. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock Mailserver
  • 47. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock Mailserver Use fake mail server
  • 48. Testing untestable code External resources – Mock Mailserver $ cat /etc/php5/php.ini | grep sendmail_path sendmail_path=/usr/local/bin/logmail $ cat /usr/local/bin/logmail cat >> /tmp/logmail.log
  • 49. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues
  • 50. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues Testing your privates?
  • 51. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues <?php class CustomWrapper { private $_handler; function stream_read($count) { $content = fread($this­>_handler, $count); $content = str_replace(          'private function',          'public function',           $content       ); return $content; } }
  • 52. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues $myClass = new MyClass(); $reflectionClass  = new ReflectionClass('MyClass'); $reflectionMethod = $reflectionClass­> getMethod('mydemo'); $reflectionMethod­>setAccessible(true); $reflectionMethod­>invoke($myClass);
  • 53. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues Overwrite internal functions?
  • 54. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues pecl install runkit-0.9
  • 55. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues - Runkit <?php ini_set('runkit.internal_override', '1'); runkit_function_redefine('mail','','return  true;'); ?>
  • 56. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues pecl install funcall-0.3.0alpha
  • 57. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues - Funcall <?php function my_func($arg1, $arg2) {     return $arg1.$arg2; } function post_cb($args,$result, $process_time) {   // return custom result based on  $args } fc_add_post('my_func','post_cb'); var_dump(my_func('php', 'c'));
  • 58. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues funcall for methods?
  • 59. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues git clone https://github/juliens/AOP
  • 60. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues - AOP <?php aop_add_after('Car::drive*',  'adviceForDrive');
  • 61. Testing untestable code Dealing with language issues - AOP <?php $advice = function(AopTriggeredJoinpoint $jp) {   $returnValue =       $jp­>getReturnedValue();   // modify the return value   $returnValue = 1234;   $jp­>setReturnedValue($returnValue); }; aop_add_after('Car­>drive()', $advice);
  • 62. Testing untestable code And now? Spaghetti mess... <?php $all_tables_query  = ' SELECT table_name, MAX(version) as version FROM ...'; $all_tables_result =  PMA_query_as_controluser($all_tables_query); // If a HEAD version exists if (PMA_DBI_num_rows($all_tables_result) > 0) { ?>     <div id="tracked_tables">     <h3><?php echo __('Tracked tables');?></h3> <?php }
  • 65. Testing untestable code What else? Generative Programming
  • 66. Testing untestable code Generative Programming Configuration Configuration (DSL) (DSL) 1..n Implementation- Implementation- components Generator Generator Product components Product
  • 67. Testing untestable code Generative Programming Configuration Configuration (DSL) (DSL) Customer 22 Customer Implementation- Implementation- components Generator Generator Customer 11 components Customer
  • 68. Testing untestable code Generative Programming Configuration Configuration (DSL) (DSL) Test Test Enviroment Enviroment Implementation- Implementation- components Generator Generator Prod. Prod. components Enviroment Enviroment
  • 69. Testing untestable code Generative Programming A frame is a data structure for representing knowledge.
  • 70. Testing untestable code Frame <?php class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this­>Engine = <!{Factory}!>:: getByType($sEngine); } }
  • 71. Testing untestable code ContentProvider for the Frame public class MyContentProvider extends     AbstractContentProvider {     public SlotConfiguration computeSlots(         FeatureConfiguration config) {         SlotConfiguration sl = new SlotConfiguration();         if(config.hasFeature("unittest")) {             sl.put("Factory", "FactoryMock");         } else {             sl.put("Factory", "EngineFactory");         }         return sl;     } }
  • 72. Testing untestable code Generated result – Test Enviroment <?php class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this­>Engine = FactoryMock:: getByType($sEngine); } }
  • 73. Testing untestable code Generated result – Prod. Enviroment <?php class Car { private $Engine; public function __construct($sEngine) { $this­>Engine = EngineFactory:: getByType($sEngine); } }
  • 74. Testing untestable code Curious for more? http://replicatorframework.org
  • 77. Testing untestable code Flickr Credits http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3452940751/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3455410635/