Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
التراث العالمي ديسمبر 2012 معدلة
1. The convergence of Cultural Heritage and the MemoryThe convergence of Cultural Heritage and the Memory
The case of the Institute of EgyptThe case of the Institute of Egypt
والذاكرة الحضاري التراث التقاءوالذاكرة الحضاري التراث التقاء
نموذجا المصري العلمي المجمعنموذجا المصري العلمي المجمع
Prof. Sherif K. ShaheenProf. Sherif K. Shaheen
Head of Dept. of Library, Archives and Information technologyHead of Dept. of Library, Archives and Information technology
Faculty of Arts, Cairo UniversityFaculty of Arts, Cairo University
Director of the New Central LibraryDirector of the New Central Library
sherifshn@yahoo.com
10. UNESCO’s World Cultural HeritageUNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage
- monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and
painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature,
inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of
Outstanding Universal Value from the point of view of history, art or
science;
- groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings
which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in
the landscape, are of Outstanding Universal Value from the point of
view of history, art or science;
- sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and
areas including archaeological sites which are of Outstanding Universal
Value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological
points of view.
11. World Heritage List:World Heritage List:[1][1]
[1]
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list
Cultural site in dangerCultural site in danger
Natural siteNatural site
Cultural siteCultural site
13. UNESCO – Memory of the WorldUNESCO – Memory of the World
UNESCO established the Memory of the World Programme
in 1992. Impetus came originally from a growing
awareness of the parlous state of preservation of, and
access to, documentary heritage in various parts of the
world. The preparation of General Guidelines for the
Programme was initiated through a contract with IFLAIFLA
((International Federation of Library AssociationsInternational Federation of Library Associations)), together
with the compilation, by IFLA and ICAICA ((International CouncilInternational Council
on Archiveson Archives)), of lists of irreparably damaged library
collections and archive holdings. Through its National
Commissions, UNESCO prepared a list of endangered
library and archive holdings and a world list of national
cinematic heritage.
35. The Institute's first projectsThe Institute's first projects
The Institute's first projects were clearly intended to support
the French occupation of Egypt. At the inaugural meeting,At the inaugural meeting,
held on 23 August, 1798, Napoleon proposed investigationheld on 23 August, 1798, Napoleon proposed investigation
of the following questions, relevant to the survival of theof the following questions, relevant to the survival of the
French in EgyptFrench in Egypt:
• Could the ovens used for baking the army's bread be
improved?
• Was it possible to make beer without hops in Egypt?
• How could water from the Nile be clarified and purified?
• Would it be more practical to build a windmill or a watermill
in Cairo?
• Were there resources in Egypt to manufacture gunpowder?
• What was the situation of jurisprudence, civil law, criminal
law and education in Egypt [and] What improvements did
the citizens want?
36. Between 20 and 22 August, 1798 Napoleon officially
organized the Institute of Egypt.
The second article of the twenty-six part document
that created the Institute set forth its purpose: This
establishment will have for its principle goal:
1) The advancement and propagation of enlightenment in
Egypt
2) The research, the study and publication of industrial,
historical and natural phenomena in Egypt.
3) to offer its opinion on different questions which it will be
consulted by the government.
http://www.napoleon-series.org/ins/scholarship98/c_institute.html
37. Like the National Institute, the Institute ofthe Institute of
EgyptEgypt had different sections according to
subject matter: mathematics; physics;
political economy and literature and arts.
Each section had 12 members.
38. In late August 1798, on the order of Napoleon, the
Institute of Egypt (l'Institut d'Égypte) was founded
in the palace of Hassan-Kashif on the outskirts of
Cairo, with Gaspard Monge as president.
The structure of the institute was based on the Institut
de France.
The institute housed a library, laboratories,
workshops, and the savants' various Egyptian
collections.
Many new instruments were constructed as well, to
replace those lost during the sinking of the French
fleet in August 1798 at Aboukir Bay (Battle of the
Nile) and the Cairo riot of October 1798.
39. Because a goal of the Institute was to propagate knowledge, it
summarized the savants' research in its own journal, La Decade
Egyptienne. In addition, it printed a newspaper, the Courrier d'Egypte,
which offered general information about the French occupation of Egypt, as
well as specific details about the work of Scientific and Artistic Commission
and the Institute.
During and after the campaign, the French government published papers
from Institute as the Mémoires sur l'Egypte. The Mémoires replicated and
expanded on much of what was in the Decade, but included other
scholarship from the Institute as well.
Finally, when the scholars returned to France, they began the lengthy
process of sorting and organizing all of their research including
notebooks and illustrations for composition of the multi-volume
Description de l'Egypte, which appeared between 1809 and 1821. It
featured articles by members of the Institute and members of the
Scientific and Artistic Commission who were not part of the Institute.
http://www.napoleon-series.org/ins/scholarship98/c_institute.html
40.
41. When the French evacuated Egypt in 1801, the scholars took with them
their collections of small artifacts, papyri, minerals and preserved flora
and fauna, drawings and notes.
By the end of the occupation, the savants were eager to return to France,
resume their careers, and continue compiling their research, a task
which they had already begun under the direction of the Institute.
The Institute of Egypt ceased to exist when the French departed.
In 1802, Napoleon decreed that the Ministry of the Interior would oversee
publication of the scholars' work.
Former members of the Scientific and Artistic Commission, like Conté and
the engineer Edmé François Jomard served as editors. Though the
publication commission was frequently behind schedule and over
budget, it completed the texts and plates for the multi-volume
Description de l'Egypte by 1822, and issued the atlases in 1828.
The plates and maps required velin paper in grand folio format, and were so
large that designers created a special storage cabinet for the completed
volumes. The Description itself was a work of art, and in 1825, the
Louvre displayed it in an exhibition on the use of technology in the fine
arts. A smaller, affordable edition without color illustrations appeared
during the Restoration.
http://www.napoleon-series.org/ins/scholarship98/c_institute.
html
42. The Institut d'Égypte's activities resumed in 1836 under the
name of The Egyptian Society. The work was carried out by
French, German and English scholars.
It was transferred to Alexandria in 1859, and its name was
again changed, this time to Institut Égyptien. The new
Institut functioned under the auspices of Egypt's viceroy
Sa'id Pasha, and had several prominent members, notably
the German botanist Georg August Schweinfurth, as well as
Egyptologists Auguste Mariette and Gaston Maspero. Later
members included Ahmed Kamal, Egypt's first native
Egyptologist, as well as Ahmad Zaki Pasha, a pioneering
philologist.
The Institut returned to Cairo in 1880. Its previous name was
restored by a royal decree in 1918. Henceforth, it was
directly under the Royal Palace's auspices. Some of the
Institut's more recent members include famed scholar Taha
Hussein.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%89gypte
51. I wish each and every one a most rewardingI wish each and every one a most rewarding
intellectually stimulating accommodation, joyfulintellectually stimulating accommodation, joyful
reunions and enriching professionalreunions and enriching professional
relationships.relationships.
Sherif ShaheenSherif Shaheen
FinallyFinally
