Patterns Of Colonial Rule In Micronesia

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David Hanlon 1970: 1st came to Pacific (Peace Corps) until 1973: served on the island of Pohnpei as English language teacher1977-1980: returned to island taught at Community College1994: published article

Hanlon reveals the defining characteristics of each era & colonizing power in Micronesia to prove that there is a need for a closer evaluation into the perspectives of Micronesians and their view of their colonial pastBecause their view will tell a different story.

Hanlon does this by discussing the historical patterns of colonization of Micronesia by the Spanish, German, and Japanese.the depiction of each power’s ceremony of possession and strategy for domination

SummaryIntroductionColonial ClaimsCeremonies of PossessionStrategies for Domination

Challenges the canon’s view of the naming of the islands of “Micronesia”Like how we discussed in class..that “tiny islands” is a misrepresentation of the reality that MicronesiaIs actually larger than what its portrayed to be in the canon…Hanlon adds to this..Hanlon says that in the process of creating this name MICRONESIA- It marked a step from ….just words or text TOactual physical domination- reflected 19th century imperial world’s need to order, categorize, bound, know this part of Pacific for control purposes

Hanlon says that in the process of creating this name MICRONESIA- It marked a step from ….just words or text TOactual physical domination- reflected 19th century imperial world’s need to order, categorize, bound, know this part of Pacific for control purposes

Next, is the colonial claims

Story of how Spain, Germany, & Japan each had a turn in claiming Micronesia

SPANISHEarly exploration in Pacific (16th century) provided source for Spanish claims over Caroline, Mariana, and Marshall islandsSpanish showed little interest in Pacific area (except for Guam & rest of Marianas)

Until GERMANY came along 1878: Expanding German commercial activity threatened Spanish lazy claim to Micronesia - made treaty w/ Marshallese chiefs to establish control over Jaluit Atoll1885: Germans take over in a govt. ordered naval expedition - caused riots in Madrid, Spain - near war (Spanish vs. Germans)1898: Spain lost to US in Spanish-American War (give up all Pacific Territories) - Germany was sold the Mariana & Caroline Islands for 2.5 pesetas1899: Germany successful in its attempts to gain control over Spanish Micronesia

WAR would end Germany’s control over MicronesiaWWI in Europe: Germany’s possessions were distant, isolated & undefensibleOct 1914: Japan sailed into various harbors of islands & claimed them in a larger southern movement called the Nanshin-This was supported by Japanese Naval officers whose maritime interests would benefit by access to Micronesian harbors and waters.Whoever controls the tropics controls the world1919: League of Nations formally recognized Japan’s occupation of the islands through the award of a Class C MandateIn return Japan promised toFile progress reports with the LeagueGive up construction of any fortifications in the mandated territoryGuarantee the right of commerce within the territory of all nationsHanlon says this “fabricated guardianship” given by the League of Nations to Japan provided a cover for the Japanese occupation of Micronesia

Next is ceremonies of possession

Ceremonies of Possession section featuredThe Positive & Negative Aspects of the CeremoniesSPAIN – 1. Carolines (pomp, spectacle, ceremony) 2. Yap (procession) 3. Pohnpei (drum rolls, musket fire) 1. violent uprising (spanish..hostages) 2. local resistanceGERMANY – 1. Von Benningsen (gov. of German New Guinea) confidence in tranquil future for islands 1. violent rebellions against German colonial ruleJAPAN – 1. celebrate emperor’s birthday 2. Shrine to represent power & authority of japanese 1. most violent..soldiers stormsed catholic missions on pohnpei

Also included a discussion on Primitivism Ceremonies of possession are used to formalize the boundary between the colonizer and the colonized how colonizers used primitivism to their advantage Study of primitivism (had to be studied thoroughly so it could be exploited politically) So the Germans & Japanese sent their people to the islands to observe the peoplemicronesiansare primitive..so we must teach them to be modern

What colonizers identified to be primitive of the Micronesian cultures

Lastly, Strategies for Domination

Legitimize rule by seizing indigenous authorityUse vehicle of dominationIslander RESISTANCEMissionaries as positive agents of changeUse of EducationSegregation in Schools

Hanlon’s article is accurate, complete, informative, & relevantObjective (provides insight on both sides Colonizer vs. Colonized)Significance stems from Hanlon revealing to us the true motives and methods of the colonizers for colonizing Micronesia (eye-opener)

Hanlon’s article is accurate, complete, informative, & relevantCounter-canonical (in the beginning when he talks about micronesia, presents the positive AND negative aspects of the ceremonies of possession, how colonizers used primitivism to their advantage)

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Patterns Of Colonial Rule In Micronesia - Presentation Transcript

Patterns of Colonial Rule in MicronesiaBy David Hanlon
Presented By
Patricia Rodriguez
Patterns of Colonial Rule in Micronesia
David Hanlon
- 1970: 1st came to Pacific (Peace Corps)
- until 1973: served on the island of Pohnpei as English language teacher
- 1977-1980: returned to island taught at Community College
- 1994: published article
Hanlon’s
Hanlon reveals
the defining characteristics of each era & colonizing power in Micronesia
to prove that there is a need for a closer evaluation into the perspectives of Micronesians and their view of their colonial past
Hanlon’s
Hanlon does this by discussing
the historical patterns of colonization of Micronesia by the Spanish, German, and Japanese.
the depiction of each power’s ceremony of possession and strategy for domination
Summary
Introduction
Colonial Claims
Ceremonies of Possession
Strategies for Domination
Introduction
Physical domination
“tiny islands”
Micronesia
Introduction
Physical domination
“tiny islands”
19th century imperial world’s need
Micronesia
Summary
Introduction
Colonial Claims
Ceremonies of Possession
Strategies for Domination
Colonial Claims
Spanish
Germany
Japan
Colonial Claims
Early exploration in Pacific (16th century)
Spanish
Showed LITTLE interest
Colonial Claims
1878: German Commercial activity
Germany
1885: Germans take over
1898: Spanish-American War
1885: Germans RULE!
Colonial Claims
1914: during WWI, sailed into harbors of islands & claimed them
Japan
1919: League of Nations & Class C Mandate
Japanese RULE!
Summary
Introduction
Colonial Claims
Ceremonies of Possession
Strategies for Domination
Ceremonies of Possession
Negative
Aspects of
Ceremonies of Possession
Positive
Ceremonies of Possession
Primitivism
formalize boundary between
colonizer and the colonized
colonizers used primitivism to their advantage
primitivism had to be studied thoroughly
so it could be exploited politically
“incorrigible
vegabonds”
Steeped in SUPERSTITION, IGNORANCE, THIEVERY, UNRESTRAINED SEXUALITY
Third-class people
Distrustful
APATHETIC
TREACHEROUS
Complained of POLYGAMY, DIVORCE, GROUP WIFE, DIFFICULTY WITH LANGUAGE, ALOOFNESS w/ Missionary Endeavors
Summary
Introduction
Colonial Claims
Ceremonies of Possession
Strategies for Domination
Strategies for Domination
Legitimize rule by seizing indigenous authority
Use vehicle of domination
RESISTANCE
Missionaries as positive agents of change
Use of Education
Segregation in Schools
Historical Analysis
Hanlon’s article is accurate, complete, informative, & relevant
Objective (provides insight on both sides Colonizer vs. Colonized)
Significance stems from Hanlon revealing to us the true motives and methods of the colonizers for colonizing Micronesia
(eye-opener)
Historiographical Analysis
Hanlon’s article is counter-canonical & islander-centered
Micronesia
Positive AND Negative aspects of ceremonies
Exploitation of primitivism