The conversion of wind energy into Electrical energy

1. WIND TURBINES
• Presented by-
SHAKIL MUHAMMAD
UET PESHAWAR
PAKISTAN

2. HOW WIND TURBINES
GENERATE ELECTRICITY

3. First, let’s answer a very
important question.

4. What are Wind Turbines?
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind’s
kinetic energy into Electrical energy.

5. First Wind Turbine
Made by :
Charles.J.Brush
In
1887.

6. Wind turbines have a variety of
shapes and sizes…

8. Types of Electricity Generating Wind Turbines
Small
Large
Intermediate
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

9. But they’re all composed of the same 3
basic parts.

10. Basic Parts

11. Basic Parts
A. Rotor Blades

12. A. Rotor Blades
B. Shaft
Basic Parts

13. A. Rotor Blades
B. Shaft
C. Generator
Basic Parts

14. Basic Parts
A. Rotor Blades
The rotor blades are the “wind
catchers” of a wind turbine.

15. Basic Parts
A. Rotor Blades
They’re long projections that have
aerodynamic designs.

17. Basic Parts
B. Shaft
The shaft is a rod that connects the
rotor blades to the generator.

18. Basic Parts
B. Shaft
Its main purpose is to transfer the
rotational mechanical energy of the
rotor blades to the generator.

19. 3 Basic Parts
C. Generator
Finally, the generator is a device
designed to convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy.

20. 3 Basic Parts
C. Generator
It uses the principle of electromagnetic
induction.

21. Now that you know its basic parts,
let’s understand how wind turbines
generate electricity.

22. Basic Processes
A. Capturing Wind Energy
B. Converting to Electricity

23. Basic Processes
A. Capturing Wind Energy
Wind energy is captured using the wind
turbine’s rotor blades.

24. Basic Processes
A. Capturing Wind Energy
When wind passes through the blades, two
aerodynamic forces are at work.

25. Basic Processes
A. Capturing Wind Energy

27. After this, it’s time to convert the
mechanical energy into electricity.

28. Basic Processes
B. Converting to Electricity
When the rotor
blades turn,

29. Basic Processes
B. Converting to Electricity
the shaft also
turns.

30. Basic Processes
B. Converting to Electricity
The Shaft then
rotate the
generator

31. How Does a Generator Work?
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

32. Basic Processes
B. Converting to Electricity
Which makes
the generator
produce
electricity!

33. Large Wind Turbines
• 450’ base to blade
• Each blade 112’
• 163+ tons total
• Foundation 20+ feet deep
• Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt
• Supply at least 350 homes

34. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
You might notice that large wind
turbines turn slowly.

35. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
On average, their rotor blades rotate at
a speed of 20 rpm (rotations per
minute).

36. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
20 rpm is too slow to power up a
generator!

37. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
Large wind turbines use a gearbox to
increase the rpm from 20 rpm to as
much as 2000 rpm!

38. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
To understand the process, let’s
examine these two gears:

39. Other Processes Involved
Gear A
Gear B
Increasing RPM

40. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
Gear A
Gear B
Gear A has 9
gear teeth

41. Other Processes Involved
Gear A
Gear B
Gear A has 9
gear teeth
while Gear B
only has 6.
Increasing RPM

42. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
Gear A
Gear B
Gear A has 9
gear teeth
while Gear B
This would mean that 1 revoonlluy htiaos n6. of
Gear A would be equal to 1.5 (9÷6)
revolutions for Gear B.

43. Other Processes Involved
Increasing RPM
Gear A
Gear B
Gear A has 9
gear teeth
while Gear B
So if Gear A revolves at a raontlye h aosf 6 .20
rpm, Gear B would revolve at a faster
rate of 30 (20×1.5) rpm.

44. Other Processes Involved
Braking Mechanism
Overspeeding of the rotor blades can
cause malfunctions on the wind
turbine’s system.

45. Other Processes Involved
Braking Mechanism
This is why a braking mechanism
should exist to limit the maximum
speed of the rotor blades.

46. *Benefits*
• Renewable Energy source
• Enviromental Friendly
• Electricity is produced in very low cost

47. *Summary*

48. END

49. Questions???