1. Fluid & Electrolyte Therapy Commonlyused Parenteral Fluid (Electrolyte content – mmol/l) 200 - - - - - - - 5%Dextrose - - - 154 - - - 154 .9%Saline 28 109 3 4 130 Ringers Lactate 3 27 103 1.5 2.5 4 142 ECF Energy HPO 4 HCO 3 Cl Mg Ca K Na

2. Fluid & Electrolyte Therapy Commonlyused Parenteral Fluid (Electrolyte content – mmol/l) Energy HPO 4 HCO 3 Cl Mg Ca K Na 168 - - 30 - - - 30 Dextrose Saline (,8%Saline) + 4.3%Dextrose

3. Replacement of ongoing losses Composition of GI secretions 40 100 5 145 500 Biliary Fistula 120 75 5 140 700 Pancreatic Fistula 15 90 15 60 1500 Gastric Juice (Fasting) 30 10 25 10 1500 Saliva HCO 3 (mg mol/l) Cl (mg mol/l) K (mg mol/l) Na (mg mol/l) Vol (ml) Locality

4. Replacement of ongoing losses Composition of GI secretions 45 90 25 120 500- 15000 Diarrhoeal Stool HCO 3 (mg mol/l) Cl (mg mol/l) K (mg mol/l) Na (mg mol/l) Vol (ml) Locality 30 45 20 80 300 Prox.Colostomy 30 45 8 115 500 Ileostomy