Nursingbulletin Theories Of Personality Development

Slide 1: THEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOSEXUAL PSYCHOSOCIAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS MORAL INTERPERSONAL

Slide 2: FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY • Libido – inner drive • Parts of body – focus of gratification • Unsuccessful resolution – fixation • Structures of personality – Id – pleasure principle - instinct - impulse – Ego – controls action and perception –reality principle – Superego – moral behavior - conscience

Slide 3: 0-18 m0s ;oral – mouth – trust and discriminating 18 mos. – 3 years ; anal – bowels – holding on or letting go Negativism and toilet training age 3 -6 years phallic ; genitals – exploration and discovery ( inc. sexual tension) Gender identification and genital awareness Oedipus and Electra complex / Castration anxiety and penis envy

Slide 4: • 6-12 years –latency (quiet stage) sexual energy diverted to play. Institution of superego…control of instinctual impulses • 12 – young adult – genital ; reawakening of sexual drives –relationships – Sexual maturation – Sexual identity ,ability to love and work

Slide 5: PSYCHOSOCIAL – ERICKSON’S developmental milestones /delay • 0-12mos; TRUST • 1-3y AUTONOMY • 3-6 INITIATIVE • 6-12 INDUSTRY • 12-18 IDENTITY • 18-25 INTIMACY • 25-60 GENERATIVITY • 60 and above EGO INTEGRITY

Slide 6: INFANCY • CONSISTENT MATERNAL –CHILD INTERACTION – TRUST • INNER FEELING OF SELF WORTH • FAILURE TO BUILD TRUST - MISTRUST • HOPE

Slide 7: TOODLERHOOD • ALLOW EXPLORATION • PROVIDE FOR SAFETY • “NO NO” – NEGATIVISM • TEMPER TANTRUMS – IGNORE • OFFER CHOICES / REVERSE PSYCHOLOGY • TOILET TRAINING – 18 MOS.-BOWEL • DAYTIME BLADDER -2 Y • NIGHTIME BLADDER 3 Y • REWARD W/ PRAISE AND AFFECTION • FAILURE: SHAME AND DOUBT • INDEPENDENCE

Slide 8: PRE-SCHOOL • PROVIDE PLAY MATERIALS • SATISFY CURIOSITY • TEACH AND REINFORCE (HYGIENE, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR) • SIBLING RIVALRY • FAILURE: GUILT FEELINGS, DOUBT • WILLPOWER

Slide 9: SCHOOLAGE • HOW TO DO THINGS WELL-SUPPORT EFFORTS • CHUMS AND HOBBIES • NEEDS TO EXCEL / ACCOMPLISH • NEED FOR PRIVACY AND PEER INTERACTION • FAILURE: INFERIORITY • COMPETENCE

Slide 10: ADOLESCENCE • MAKE DECISION,EMANCIPATION FROM PARENTS • BODY IMAGE CHANGES • NEED TO CONFORM BUT KEEP INDIVIDUALITY • FAILURE: ROLE CONFUSION / ROLE DIFFUSION • SELF - AWARENESS

Slide 11: YOUNG ADULT • COMMITMENT AND FIDELITY • RESPONSIBILITY • FAILURE: ISOLATION • ACHIEVEMENT OF INDEPENDENCE

Slide 12: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD • SUPPORT-PERIOD OF ROLE TRANSITIONS • MIDLIFE CRISIS • ADJUSTMENT AND COMPROMISE • MOST PRODUCTIVE AND CREATIVE • FAILURE: STAGNATION • ALTRUISM

Slide 13: LATE ADULTHOOD • SELF ACCEPTANCE • SELF WORTH • FAILURE: DESPAIR • WISDOM

Slide 14: PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY

Slide 15: 0-2 SENSORIMOTOR • REFLEXES • IMITATIVE REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR • SENSE OF OBJECT PERMANENCE AND SELF SEPARATE FROM ENVT. • TRIAL AND ERROR RESULTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING

Slide 16: 2-7Y PRE-OPERATIONAL • SELF-CENTERED,EGOCENTRIC • CANNOT CONCEPTUALIZE OTHER’S VIEW • ANIMISTIC THINKING • IMAGINARY PLAYMATE – SYMBOLIC MENTAL REPRESENTATION – CREATIVITY • 2-4 PRE-CONCEPTUAL (PRE-LOGICAL) • 4-7 INTUITIVE (UNDERSTANDING OF ROLES)

Slide 17: 7-12Y CONCRETE OPERATIONAL • LOGICAL CONCRETE THOUGHT • INDUCTIVE RESAONING (SPECIFIC TO GENERAL) • CAN RELATE ,PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY • REASONING AND SELF-REGULATION

Slide 18: 12-ABOVE FORMAL OPERATIONAL THOUGHT • Abstract thinking • Separation of fantasy and fact • Reality oriented • Deductive reasoning • Apply scientific method

Slide 19: Havighurst Developmental Tasks

Slide 20: • Early adulthood – Career – Selecting a mate – Finding Civic or social responsibility • Middle age – Achieving Civic or social responsibility – Adjusting to changes – Satisfactory career performance – Adjusting to aging parents – Adjusting to parental roles • Old age – Adjusting to changes – Establishing satisfactory living arrangements and affiliations

Slide 21: Baby to early childhood Right from wrong and Conscience Late childhood Physical skills, wholesome attitude, social roles Conscience morality and values Fundamental skills in academics Personal independence Adolescence Sexual social roles Relationships Independence and ideology

Slide 22: • Kohlberg – MORAL DEVELOPMENT/ THINKING/ JUDGEMENT

Slide 23: • PRE-CONVENTIONAL (0-6) – PUNISHMENT AND OBEDIENCE – OBEDIENCE TO RULES TO AVOID PUNISHMENT • CONVENTIONAL ( 6-12 ) – MUTUAL INTERPERSONAL EXPECTATIONS,RELATIONSHIPS AND CONFORMITY – SOCIAL SYSTEM AND CONSCIENCE MAINTENANCE – BEING GOOD IS IMPORTANT SELF RESPECT OR CONSCIENCE

Slide 24: • POST –CONVENTIONAL (12 – 18 Y) • PRIOR RIGHT OR SOCIAL CONTRACT • UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLE • ABIDE FOR COMMON GOOD • RATIONAL PERSON-VALIDITY OF PRINCIPLES-AND BECOME COMMITTED TO THEM • INNER CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR UNDERSTANDING THE EQUALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF HUMAN BEINGS AS INDIVIDUALS

Slide 25: • SULLIVAN’S INTERPERSONAL THEORY

Slide 26: INFANCY • NEED FOR SECURITY-INFANT LEARNS TO RELY ON OTHERS TO GRATIFY NEEDS AND SATISFY WISHES, DEVELOPS A SENSE OF BASIC TRUST, SECURITY AND SELF WORTH WHEN THIS OCCURS

Slide 27: TODDLERHOOD / EARLY CHILDHOOD • CHILD LEARNS TO COMMUNICATE NEEDS THROUGH USE OF WORDS AND ACCEPTANCE OF DELAYED GRATIFICATION AND INTERFERENCE OF WISH FULFILLMENT

Slide 28: PRESCHOOL • DEVELOPMENT OF BODY IMAGE AND SELF- PERCEPTION • ORGANIZES AND USES EXPERIENCES IN TERMS OF APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL RECEIVED • BEGINS USING SELCTIVE INATTENTION AND DISASSOCIATES THOSE EXPERIENCES THAT CAUSE PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL DISCOMFORT AND PAIN

Slide 29: SCHOOL AGE • THE PERIOD OF LEARNING TO FORM SATISFYING RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEERS-USES COMPETITION,COMPROMISE AND COOPERATION • THE PRE-ADOLESCENT LEARNS TO RELATE TO PEERS OF THE SAME SEX

Slide 30: ADOLESCENCE • LEARNS INDEPENDENCE AND HOW TO ESTABLISH SATISFACTORY RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEMBERS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX

Slide 31: YOUNG ADULTHOOD • BECOMES ECONOMICALLY, INTELLECTUALLY AND EMOTIONALLY SELF SUFICIENT

Slide 32: LATE ADULTHOOD • LEARNS TO BE INTERDEPENDENT AND ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR OTHERS

Slide 33: SENESCENCE • DEVELOPS AN ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR WHAT LIFE IS AND WAS AND OF ITS PLACE IN THE FLOW OF HISTORY

Slide 34: FORMATION OF PERSONALITY CERTAIN GOALS MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED, IF THIS GOALS ARE NOT ACCOMPLISHED AT A CERTAIN STAGE,….PERSONALITY WILL BE WEAKENED….FACTORS IN EACH STAGE PERSISTS AS A PERMANENT PART OF PERSONALITY….

Slide 35: EACH STAGE HAS MAJOR TRAUMAS AND FRUSTRATIONS THAT MUST BE OVERCOME …….SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH STAGE IS ESSENTIAL TO DEVELOPMENT…..UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS REMAIN IN THE UNCONSCIOUS AND MAY, AT TIMES, RESULT IN MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

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